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First Year History Review Materials Key Points

Unit 1 (Lesson 1---4) Origins of Chinese Civilization

Lesson 1: Ancient Humans

Classroom Introduction

This lesson mainly deals with the primitive people in China. It mainly grasps the age, location, production and life of Yuanmou Man, Peking Man and Shanding Cave Man.

Knowledge compilation

I. Yuanmou Man

1, time --- 1.7 million years ago; 2, the discovery of the location: yuanmou county, yunnan province

3, the status: yuanmou man is the earliest human beings within the boundaries of our country so far has been identified

4, can make tools, is the fundamental difference between man and animals.

Two, Beijing man:

1, time - 700,000 to 200,000 years ago;

2, the discovery of the place: southwest of Beijing Zhoukoudian caves

3, status:

A: Beijing man used tools ---- to beat the stone tools,

B; Beijing man used natural fire, which is the A great progress in the evolution of human beings;

C: Peking Man's way of life ----- living in groups

Three: Caveman

1; Time - 30,000 years ago;

2; Discovered in the cave at the top of Longbiao Mountain, Zhoukoudian, Beijing

3; Their appearance is basically the same as that of modern human beings

4; Use of beaten stone tools but already knew sharpening and drilling techniques, and could make bone needles

5, could artificially make fire;

6, Lifestyle - "clan communes" "Clans" - by bloodline Combined.

Lesson 2 Primitive Farming Life

Classroom Introduction

This lesson mainly deals with the primitive inhabitants of our country: the Hemudu inhabitants, the inhabitants of the half-slope, the inhabitants of the Dawenkou main production and living conditions.

Knowledge Organization

I. Primitive Farming in Hemudu

1. Time --- 7,000 years ago

2. Location of life: Hemudu inhabitants are located in the Yangtze River Basin

3. Use of tools --- Ground Stone Tools, this use of ground stone tools of the era called the Neolithic Age.

4, agriculture: Hemudu inhabitants planted rice, and China was the first country in the world to plant rice.

5. Hemudu inhabitants would build houses and dig wells.

2. The Life of the Primitive Inhabitants of Hemudu

1. Time --- 5,000-6,000 years ago

2. Location of Life: Hemudu inhabitants were located in the Yellow River Basin

3. Tools Used --- Ground Stone Tools.

4. Agriculture: Half-slope inhabitants planted corn. China was the first country in the world to grow corn.

5. Half-slope inhabitants could make colored pottery and arrowheads.

Three, the inhabitants of Dawenkou

1, time --- 4,000-5,000 years ago

2, location --- Dawenkou, Shandong

3, the emergence of black and white pottery

4, in the late period, the emergence of private property and the division between the rich and the poor. (The reason for the emergence of the rich and the poor is the development of social productivity. The obviousness of the rich and the poor can be seen through the amount of burial goods.

Lesson 3: The Ancestors of Huaxia

Classroom Introduction

The main story is about the origin of the Huaxia race (the descendants of the Yanhuang people), as well as the democratic method of selecting a chief ---- the Zen-transfer system and the elected Yao, Shun, and Yu, as well as the founding of the Xia Dynasty, the first slave state -----.

Knowledge comb

I, Yan Huang war Chi You

1, Yan Huang children (Huaxia) origin: in four or five thousand years ago, living in the Yellow River Basin of the Yellow Emperor and the Yellow Emperor united to defeat the Oriental Chi You tribe. The combination of Yan Di and Huang Di, the formation of the later Huaxia.

2. The Huaxia is the predecessor of the Han race, the main part of the Chinese nation.

2. The Yellow Emperor ----- "the first ancestor of humanity" Cangjie invented writing.

Three, Yao Shun Yu "Zen"

1, after the Yellow Emperor, China's Yellow River Valley, the outstanding leader of Yao Shun Yu.

2, Yu ruled the water;

3, Yao passed on Shun, Shun passed on Yu, this method of selecting the leader of the tribal confederation, historically known as "Zen Cede"

4 2070 BC Yu established the Xia Dynasty - the first slave dynasty in the history of our country, which marked the end of the primitive society and the formation of the slave society. .

Knowledge sorting

Lessons 1 and 2 mainly involve ancient humans (Yuanmou Man, Peking Man, Shanding Cave Man) and ancient inhabitants

(Hemudu Inhabitants, Hemipo Inhabitants, Dawenkou Inhabitants), and the easy to confuse points of knowledge are:

1) Distinguish from time:

Yuanmou Man is 1.7 million years old; Peking Man is 700,000 to 200,000 years old; Shanding Cave Man is 200,000 to 200,000 years old; and the Xia Dynasty is 2070 BC. million years ago; Shandingdong people 30,000 years ago; Hemudu inhabitants 7,000 years ago; half-slope primitive inhabitants 5,000 to 6,000 years ago; Dawenkou inhabitants 4,000 to 5,000 years ago.

2) Differences in terms of location:

Yuanmou Man is located in Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province; Peking Man is located in Zhoukoudian, southwest of Beijing; Shanding Cave Man is located on the top of Longbiao Mountain in Zhoukoudian, Beijing

Hemudu Inhabitants are located in Yangtze River Basin; Hempo Inhabitants are located in Huanghe River Basin (Half-slope Village, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province); Dawenkou Inhabitants are located in Davengkou, Shandong Province.

The ancient civilizations located in the Yangtze River Basin are: Yuanmou Man and Hemudu Inhabitants

3) From the use of tools or typical features:

①The earliest known human beings in China are: Yuanmou Man;

2) The inhabitants of the Paleolithic Period who used beaten stone tools (Paleolithic Period) are: Peking Man and Shandingdong Man.

The Shandingdong people used beaten stone tools, but they knew how to polish and drill holes and made bone needles.

The people who used polished stone tools (Neolithic period) were: the Hanpo people and the Hemudu people.

3) Those who used natural fire were the Peking people; those who used artificial fire were the Shandengdong people; those who used bone needles were the Shandengdong people; those who could cultivate rice were the Hemudu inhabitants; those who could cultivate corn were the Hempo inhabitants; those who used bows and arrows were the Hemudu inhabitants; those who could dig wells were the Hemudu inhabitants; those who could manufacture colored pottery were the Hemudu inhabitants; those who could make a distinction between black and white pottery were the Dawunkou inhabitants; those who saw the emergence of private property and a division of rich and poor were the Dawunkou inhabitants; and the emergence of a division of rich and poor were the Dawunkou inhabitants. The Dawenkou inhabitants were the ones who made the division between the rich and the poor.

Lesson 4: The Rise and Fall of the Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou

Classroom Orientation

The establishment and fall of the Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou form the main thread of this lesson. The lesson begins with a brief account of the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, the first slave state in China, in about 2070 B.C., and the historical facts of the destruction of Xia Jie for Tang and the establishment of the Shang Dynasty. Secondly, it describes Pan Geng's relocation to Yin and the brutality of Shang Zhou and King Wu's subjugation of Zhou, and the establishment of the Western Zhou. Finally, it recounts the feudal system practiced by the rulers at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty to consolidate the slavery regime and the demise of the Western Zhou.

Knowledge compilation

I. Xia Dynasty

1. Established: 2070 B.C.

2. Capital city: Yangcheng

3. Founding person: Yu

4. Status - the first slavery state in the history of our country, and the sign of the emergence of the early state in our country is the establishment of the Xia Dynasty;

5. After Yu died, he passed the throne to Qi, and from then on, the world was divided into two states. , he passed the throne to Qi, and from then on the hereditary system replaced the Zen system.

6, the last king of the Xia Dynasty was Jie

2, Shang Tang destroyed Xia and Wu Wang conqueror

1, in 1600 BC tribal Shang led by Tang destroyed Xia

2, King Pan Geng of the Shang Dynasty moved the capital to Yin, and later the Shang Dynasty was also called the Yin Dynasty.

3. The last king of the Shang Dynasty, Zhou (a tyrant), was tortured with "cannon branding"

4. King Wen of Zhou reused Jiang Shang

5. King Wu of Zhou succeeded to the throne, and in 1046 B.C., the Zhou and the Shang fought a great battle in Muo Ye, which led to the fall of the Shang Dynasty and the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

3. The Western Zhou practiced the feudal system politically. In the latter part of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the political situation was chaotic, and there was a riot of the people of the country, which drove out King Li of the Zhou, and the Western Zhou fell in 771 BC.

Important dates Important events Important people

About 2070 B.C.E. Xia Dynasty was established Yu

About 1600 B.C.E. Tang conquered Xia, and the Shang Dynasty was established King Tang of the Shang Dynasty

About 1300 B.C.E. Pan Geng moved to Yin, King of the Shang Dynasty Pan Geng of the Shang Dynasty

B.C.E. 1046 Battle of Mako, and the Western Zhou Dynasty was established King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty (Jifa)

B.C.E. 771 The Western Zhou Dynasty fell. King Yu of Zhou

Lesson 5: Splendid Bronze Civilization

Classroom Introduction

Through the study of this lesson, students will be able to have a more comprehensive grasp of the basic historical facts of the development of China's slavery economy represented by bronze civilization during the Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou periods

Knowledge Composition

A. The Superior Craftsmanship of Bronze Ware

1. At the primitive society At the end of the period, China appeared bronze; 2, to the Shang Dynasty, is the splendid period of China's bronze culture. Famous for the Simuwu tripod ---- so far found the largest bronze and four sheep square zun 3 with the same period of the Shang Dynasty, in southwest China's Chengdu Plain, also prevails a bronze culture, namely, "samsungdui" culture.

Lesson 6 Spring and Autumn, Spring and Warring States

Classroom Introduction

Through the study of this lesson, students can master the historical staging of Spring and Autumn and Warring States, and the situation and role of the great powers in the Spring and Autumn and the annexation wars of the seven warring states.

Knowledge compilation

In 771 B.C.E., the Rong, an ethnic minority in the northwest, attacked Haojing and killed King Yu of Zhou, and the Western Zhou collapsed. (

I. Spring and Autumn Period:

1. In 770 BC, King Ping of Zhou moved the capital to Luoyang, and the Eastern Zhou Period began.

(List the founders and the three tyrants and the last king of Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou

Summer: Kai, Jie, Jie Shang: Tang, King Zhou of Shang Western Zhou: King Wu of Zhou, King Li of Zhou, and King Yu of Zhou)

2. The Eastern Zhou is divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Spring and Autumn period from 770 BC to 476 BC, is the disintegration of China's slave society; Warring States period from 475 BC to 221 BC, is the formation of China's feudal society.

3, the famous hegemon: Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, King Zhuang of Chu

4, Duke Huan of Qi's hegemony conditions:

A: Qi was rich in fish and salt, and its economy was affluent, and it was a big country in the east,

B: appointed Guan Zhong as a minister, and actively reformed the internal affairs, and developed the production;

C: put forward the policy of "honoring the king and hating the barbarians".

D: In the middle of the 7th century BC, Duke Huan of Qi summoned the feudal lords to an alliance at Kwai Kiu, to which the Son of Zhou sent representatives, marking the peak of Duke Huan of Qi's hegemony as the first hegemon of the Spring and Autumn Period.

5. Chengpu Battle: In the 7th century BC, Jin and Chu fought in Chengpu, where Jin won and Chu lost, and Duke Wen of Jin became the hegemon of the Central Plains.

6. The wars of rivalry during the Spring and Autumn Period brought all kinds of disasters to society, but in the process of rivalry, some vassal states were eliminated and some larger states emerged.

2. The Seven Heroes of the Warring States:

1. The Warring States period lasted from 475 B.C.E. to 221 B.C.E., and it was a period of the formation of feudal society in China.

2. Han, Zhao and Wei divided the state of Jin into three parts, and later Tian established the state of Qi.

3. List the Seven Heroes of the Warring States: Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei, and Qin (combined with the location of the map: the northernmost is Yan; the southernmost is Chu; the easternmost is Qi; and the westernmost is Qin)

4. Battles during this period include the Battle of Guiling, and the Battle of Maling.

5. In 260 B.C., the Battle of Changping took place between Qin and Zhao, in which Zhao was defeated, and from then on, the six eastern states were no longer able to defend themselves against the Qin army.

6, material "Yue ten years of birth and gathering, but ten years of lessons, twenty years away, Wu its for the swamp!"

1) Who were the kings of Yue and Wu at that time? A: The king of Yue was Goujian; the king of Wu was Wolu

2) Who said this sentence? A: It was Wu Zixu;

3) What is the meaning of "ten years to produce a population, ten years to learn a lesson"? A: It takes ten years to produce a population and gather wealth, and then another ten years to educate and train.

7, materials: a couplet "where there's a will, there's a way, break the kettle and sink the boat, a hundred and two Qin passes end belongs to Chu; bitter people, where there's a way, lying down on a salary and taste the gall, three thousand iron armor can swallow Wu"

1) This couplet is the story of which two ancient historical figures? A: It is the story of Xiang Yu and King Goujian of Yue.

2) What historical periods were they from? A: Xiang Yu was from the Qin Dynasty, and Yue Wang Goujian was from the Spring and Autumn Period.

3) Give four idiomatic stories from the Spring and Autumn, Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties. A: Retreating from the enemy, Tasting gall on a bed of firewood, Talking on paper, Surrounding the Wei to save Zhao.

4) What valuable qualities did you learn from them? A: Bravery, strength, perseverance, strong will and ambition.

Classroom Introduction

Through the teaching of this lesson, students will learn about the widespread use of iron farming tools and oxen plowing during the Warring States period and the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project, etc.; they will master the main content and historical role of Shang Yang's Change of Law.

Through the analysis of the historical role of Shang Yang's change of law, make students realize that: reform for development, reform for progress, is the need of social development, is the need of the times. Those who adapt to the needs of the times and are courageous enough to commit themselves to reform will certainly be revered by future generations.

Knowledge Comb

I. Progress in Agriculture:

1. During the Spring and Autumn Period, iron tools began to be used in agriculture and handicraft production. By the Warring States period, there were many iron agricultural tools, which marked a significant increase in social productivity.

2, China in the late Spring and Autumn period has used ox plowing, the Warring States period to further promote. Cattle plowing was a revolution in the history of China's agricultural development.

3. Li Bing of the State of Qin built Dujiangyan on the Minjiang River, a world-famous flood control and irrigation project.

2. Shang Yang changed the law:

1. Background - Due to the development of productive forces, slave owners turned newly reclaimed fields into private property and rented them out, and these slave owners were transformed into feudal landlords, and the people who rented land from the landlords became peasants.

2. Time --- With the support of Duke Xiaodong of Qin, Shang Yang introduced the Change of Law in 356 BC.

3. The content of the change of law, the textbook summarized it into three articles.

A: the state recognized private ownership of land and allowed free trade;

B; rewarding cultivation and warfare, exempting those who produced more food and cloth from corvée service, granting titles and fields according to military service, and abolishing the privileges of the old aristocracy who had no military service;

C; establishing the county system, which was administered by officials sent directly by the ruler of the state.

4. Significance of the change of law: After the change of law by Shang Yang, the feudal economy of Qin developed, the fighting strength of the army was strengthened, and it gradually became the richest and strongest feudal state in the late Warring States period.

4. During the Warring States period, the feudal system was gradually established in various countries after the change or reform of the law. The rule of the landlord class replaced the rule of the slave-owning aristocracy, and the contradiction between the landlord class and the peasant class became the main contradiction in society. Feudal society was formed in China. (Changes in various countries: Li Yul changed the law in Wei; Wu Qi changed the law in Chu, and Shang Yang changed the law in Qin, the most thorough of which was Shang Yang's change of law in Qin.)

V. "Since the Spring and Autumn Period, due to the development of productive forces, some slave owners were transformed into feudal landlords, and people who rented land became peasants. Shang Yang's change of law in Qin was relatively thorough."

1) What was the purpose of Shang Yang's change of law? A: To establish feudal rule, develop the feudal economy and make the country rich and strong.

6) The reasons for the victory of Shang Yang's change of law: A: to follow the historical trend of the development of feudalism; B: to formulate a series of effective methods; C: to dare to fight against the old forces.

Lesson 8: The Burgeoning of Chinese Culture (I)

Classroom Introduction

Through the study, students will focus on the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty, the ancient Chinese calendar and the poet Qu Yuan. Understand the evolution of China's pre-Qin script and the achievements of astronomy, calendar, medicine and music.

Knowledge Organization

I. Writing:

1. The writing of the Shang Dynasty was written on tortoise shells or animal bones, which is called "oracle bone writing"

2. Today's Chinese characters were developed from oracle bone writing, and the history of written writing in our country began in the Shang Dynasty.

3, the Shang and Zhou bronzes on the casting of the text is called "Jinwen"

Two, astronomy, calendar:

1, the calendar was created in the Xia Dynasty, perfected in the Shang Dynasty;

2, the Xia Dynasty, the world's earliest record of eclipses; the Shang Dynasty

3, the Warring States period measured the 24 seasons. 24 solar terms.

5. Famous doctor Bian Magpie, the four diagnostic methods of looking, smelling, questioning and cutting.

6. During the Warring States period, Qu Yuan of the State of Chu, a great poet of ancient China, created a new genre of poetry called "Chu Rhetoric".

Materials about Qu Yuan: "A Long Breath to Cover the Ladder, and Woe to the People's Livelihoods" 1) From Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" 2) What kind of ideological feelings does the poem reflect? A: It reflects the author's thoughts of worrying about the country and the people.

6The "Music of Bells and Drums" was popular during the Warring States Period

Lesson 9: The Emergence of Chinese Culture (II)

Classroom Instruction

Through the study of this lesson, the focus is to master the political thought and educational achievement of Confucius, and to understand the proposition of Laozi and other thinkers and militarists.

In addition, in the process of learning this lesson, attention should also be paid to analyzing the following issues: on war, Mozi opposed unjust war, while Mencius opposed all wars without distinction; on the method of governing the country, Mencius advocated "benevolent government", Zhuang Zi put forward the "rule of inaction", Han Fei Zi, the "rule of inaction", and the "rule of inaction". On the method of governing the country, Mencius advocated "benevolent government", Zhuangzi proposed "doing nothing and ruling", and Han Feizi advocated the rule of law and the establishment of a centralized monarchical dictatorship. In the process of learning, we should also see the environmental protection consciousness of Mengzi's political advocacy, and the idea of cherishing energy and protecting the environment. { Knowledge combing} I. The founder of the Taoist school ---- is Laozi, a man of the Spring and Autumn period, who wrote the Tao Te Ching Laozi believes that everything has opposites, and that opposites can be transformed into each other "Woe is the source of blessing; and blessing is the ambush of misfortune." With the idea of simple dialectics.

Two, the founder of Confucianism ---- is Confucius, who was a person in the Spring and Autumn period. His contributions to thought, education and culture:

1. Ideologically, he put forward the doctrine of "benevolence", which was utilized by later feudal rulers and became the orthodox thought to rule the feudal society.

2. Contributions to education: A: he organized private schools and recruited a wide range of disciples B: he asked students to review what they had learned on time and to "learn from the past" C: the attitude of learning should be honest

3. He compiled the Spring and Autumn Annals

4. The book written by Confucius's disciples to record the words and deeds of Confucius is called "Lunyu

Three, the founder of the school of Mohism ---- was Mozi, who advocated "concurrent love" and "non-attack"

Four, the school of Confucianism - the Warring States period: it was Mencius, who was opposed to war, and put forward the idea that there would be no righteous war in the Spring and Autumn period. Spring and Autumn without righteous war", advocating the idea of "the people are noble and the ruler is light", and the implementation of "benevolent government"

Fifth, Legalism - the representative of the Warring States period Han Fei, advocating A: the implementation of the rule of law; B: advocating the establishment of a monarchical dictatorship centralized feudal state. The book is "Han Fei Zi"

Sixth, the military - the founder of the Spring and Autumn period of Sun Wu authored "Sun Zi Art of War" ---- is the world's earliest book of war, but also put forward "know yourself and know the enemy, a hundred battles are not dangerous"

Seventh, Taoism in the Warring States period is represented by Zhuang Zi, who puts forward to follow the natural course of events "

VIII. "Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing", "three people, there must be my teacher"

1) Who said this material? A: It was Confucius

2) What school of thought was the founder? A: It was Confucianism

3) What did he advocate politically? What was his influence? A: He put forward the doctrine of "benevolence", which was utilized by later feudal rulers and became the orthodox idea to rule the feudal society.

4) What were his cultural contributions? A: The compilation of the Classic of Poetry, the Shangshu, and the Spring and Autumn Annals

9. "The people are the most important thing, the gods of earth and grain come second, and the ruler is the least important thing"

1) Who proposed this? What school of thought was represented? A: It was proposed by Mencius, a representative of the Confucian school.

2) What did he advocate politically? A: He advocated the idea of "the people are more important than the ruler" and practiced "benevolent government".

X. Material: "My hard teeth fell out long ago, but my soft tongue is still there!"

1) Whose claim does it reflect? What does it mean? What idea is embodied?

A: It embodies the claim of Lao Tzu. It means that what is hard may not be strong, and softness can overcome hardness, reflecting his idea of looking at things dialectically.

2) Is this kind of thinking useful in real social life? If you think it is useful, can you give an example to illustrate it?

A: I think it is useful. It makes people realize that nothing is absolute and can change. The seemingly strong may be defeated by the weak, the seemingly smart may do nothing in their life, and the ordinary may do amazingly great things due to their efforts. For example, in the war of liberation, the Nationalist army, which outnumbered the PLA in terms of equipment, was ultimately defeated.

Summary of this lesson

This lesson is about the representative figures of Confucianism, Mohist, Taoism, Law, and Warfare during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and their main ideas, which are listed as follows:

Name, Period, Writings, and Main Ideas

Confucius, late Spring and Autumn, puts forward the doctrine of "benevolence", and advocates that The doctrine of "benevolence" was put forward in the Analects of Confucius, which advocated that "governance should be based on virtue". He advocated "teaching according to the ability of the students", being modest and studious, and "learning from the past"

Mo Zi (墨子) Warring States period ( 战国子) Advocated "love for both sides" and "non-attack" (非攻). "

Lao Zi (老子) late Spring and Autumn Period ( 春秋末期) Tao Te Ching (《道德經》) holds that everything has opposites and that opposites can be transformed into each other. /p>

① Xia Dynasty:

A: The establishment of the Xia Dynasty by Yu in 2070 BC marked the end of primitive society and the beginning of slave society in China. After Yu's death, he passed the throne to Qi, marking the replacement of the hereditary system with the system of meditation.

B: The calendar was created during the Xia Dynasty; the Xia Dynasty had the world's earliest record of a solar eclipse.

②Shang Dynasty:

A: China's written history began in the Shang Dynasty, called "oracle bone writing"

B: Bronze culture entered a period of splendor in the Shang Dynasty. The largest bronze artifact ever discovered is the Simuwu Tripod; the finest bronze artifact is the Four Sheep Square Dignity.

C: The calendar was perfected during the Shang Dynasty.

D: Solar and lunar eclipses were recorded on the calendar in the Shang Dynasty.

E: King Zhou, the tyrant of the Shang Dynasty, invented the punishment of "cannon branding"

3 Western Zhou:

A: In order to consolidate its rule, the Western Zhou Dynasty practiced the system of feudalization politically.

B: The Western Zhou was destroyed by the Rong minority in 771 BC.

C: Western Zhou's tyrant: King Li of Zhou "Roads to eyes" "Preventing the people's mouths is even better than preventing the river"

D: Western Zhou's late ruler: King You of Zhou "Beacon fire plays with the vassals "

E: In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the political situation was chaotic, and there were "riots by the people of the country" ("people of the country" means civilians).

④Eastern Zhou: The Eastern Zhou was divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋) and the Warring States Period (战国).

The Spring and Autumn Period lasted from 770 B.C. to 476 B.C. and was the period of disintegration of China's slave society;

The Warring States Period lasted from 475 B.C. to 221 B.C. and was the period of formation of China's feudal society.

I. Spring and Autumn Period:

1. Famous hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period include: Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, and King Zhuang of Chu

2. The first hegemon of the Spring and Autumn Period: Duke Huan of Qi, who appointed Guanzhong as his prime minister, and put forward the idea of "honoring the king and resisting the barbarians".

Conditions for hegemony: A: Qi was a great power in the East, rich in fish and salt; B: he appointed Guan Zhong as a minister and actively reformed the internal affairs and developed production; C: he proposed the policy of "honoring the king and hating the barbarians"; and D: in the middle of the 7th century BC, Duke Huan of Qi became the first hegemon of Spring and Autumn Period.

3: In the 7th century B.C., Jin and Chu became the hegemon of the Central Plains through the Chengpu Battle, and Duke Wen of Jin became the hegemon of the Central Plains. "

Materials: a couplet "Where there's a will, there's a way, break the kettle and sink the boat, a hundred and two Qin passes end up belonging to Chu; where there's a way, where there's a pain, lie down and taste the guts, three thousand iron armors can swallow Wu; where there's a way, lie down and taste the guts, three thousand iron armors can swallow Wu. Three thousand pieces of iron armor can swallow Wu"

1) This couplet tells the story of which two historical figures in ancient times?

A: It is the story of Xiang Yu and King Goujian.

2) What historical periods were they from?

A: Xiang Yu was from the Qin Dynasty and Yue Wang Goujian was from the Spring and Autumn Period.

3) Give four idiomatic stories from the Spring and Autumn, Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties.

Answer: retreating from the enemy, lying on firewood and tasting gall, talking on paper, and besieging Wei to save Zhao.

4) What valuable qualities did you learn from them?

Answer: courage, strength, perseverance, strong will and ambition.

Materials "The more ten years of life gathering, but ten years of lessons, twenty years away, Wu its for the swamp!"

1) Who were the kings of Yue and Wu at that time?

A: The king of Yue was Goujian; the king of Wu was Wolu.

2) Who said this? A: It was Wu Zixu

3) What is the meaning of the phrase "Ten years to gather, ten years to learn"?

A: It takes ten years to produce a population and gather wealth, and then another ten years to educate and train.

5. Impact of the wars of rivalry in the Spring and Autumn Period: The wars of rivalry in the Spring and Autumn Period brought all kinds of disasters to the society, but in the process of rivalry, some vassal states were eliminated and some larger states appeared.

6. During the Spring and Autumn Period, iron farming tools and oxen began to be used; the use of oxen was a revolution in the history of China's agricultural development. The Spring and Autumn period had the world's earliest record of Halley's comet.

Two, the Warring States period:

1, the Warring States from 475 BC to 221 BC, is the formation of China's feudal society.

2. In the early years of the Warring States period, Han, Zhao, and Wei divided the state of Jin into three parts, followed by Tian's substitution for Qi.

3, listing the seven warring states: qi, chu, yan, han, zhao, wei, qin (combined with the location of the map: the northernmost is yan; the southernmost is chu; the easternmost is qi; the westernmost is qin)

4, the warring states period of the warring states battles are the battle of gui ling, the battle of maling, and the battle of changping. One of the battles that made the six eastern states no longer able to defend themselves against the Qin army was the Battle of Changping, which took place between Qin and Zhao in 260 BC. ("Talking on paper" is related to the Battle of Changping, Zhao Kuo)

5. During the Warring States period, Li Bing of the Qin state repaired Dujiangyan on the Minjiang River, which is a world-famous flood control and irrigation project.

6. The time, reigning ruler, content, and impact of the Shang Yang Change of Law in Qin during the Warring States period. (Shang Yang's change of law was the most thorough one in that period)

7. Iron farming tools and oxen plowing were popularized in the Warring States period.

8. Twenty-four solar terms were produced during the Warring States period.

Lesson 10 "The King of Qin Sweeps the Six Harmonies"

Classroom Introduction

Through the study of this lesson, we will master the establishment of centralized rule in the Qin Dynasty and the measures to consolidate the unification of the First Emperor of Qin as well as their effects; and we will learn about the boundaries of the Qin Dynasty and the two ancient projects of the Great Wall of Qin and the Spirit Canal.

Summarize "the main measures taken by Qin Shi Huang to consolidate unification", and cultivate the ability of preliminary synthesis and analysis of historical problems;

Through the analysis of the historical role of the unification of the Qin Dynasty, it is important to realize that: unification is an inevitable trend of historical development, and that the Qin Dynasty is the first unified multi-ethnic, centralized, feudal State, the unification of Qin has great significance and progress in history

Knowledge combing

1, from 230 BC to 221 BC, the Qin King Winzheng destroyed the six states to establish the first unified centralized feudal state in the history of our country ---- Qin Dynasty, capital: Xianyang.

2. Measures to Consolidate Unification and Strengthen Rule in Qin Dynasty

After Winning Zheng unified the six states, he took a series of measures to strengthen the centralized authoritarian centralized power:

I. Politically--Establishment of Feudal Authoritarian Centralized Power System

A Winning Zheng stipulated that the supreme ruler was called the emperor, and the emperor had total control over all powers.

B The central government set up the posts of prime minister, imperial historian, and lieutenant. The prime minister helped the emperor to deal with the political affairs of the country,

The imperial historian was the deputy prime minister who also supervised the hundred officials, and the lieutenant managed the military

C: At the local level, Li Si's suggestion was accepted and the country was divided into 36 counties (later increased to 40 counties), with counties under the counties. The county system was used for a long time by the later feudal dynasties.

II. Culture: After the unification of Qin, the use of round, square-hole copper coins was standardized throughout the country; weights and measures were also standardized; and the Small Seal Script was adopted as the unified script for the whole country, followed by the simpler Scribe's Script.

Third, ideas:

In order to strengthen the ideological control, Qin Shi Huang accepted Li Si's suggestion and issued a book burning order, which stipulated that, except for the government, the people could only collect the books about medicine, divination and planting, and burned all the others, and buried all the Confucian scholars who had secretly slandered him alive, which was called "Burning the Books and Killing the Confucian Scholars". Burning books and burying scholars to our ancient culture caused great losses.

Four, the construction of the Great Wall and the development of the frontier:

1) After the unification of the Qin Dynasty, the general Mengtian was sent to fight against the Xiongnu in the north, and the Great Wall was built from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east.

2) Qin Shi Huang sent his men to excavate the Lingqu River, which communicated Xiangshui and Lishui and connected the two major water systems, the Yangtze River and the Pearl River.

The above were the measures taken by the Qin Dynasty to consolidate its unity and strengthen its rule.

3. Talk about what important role did the Qin Dynasty play in the history of China?

1) It put an end to the situation of mixed wars among the vassals since the Spring and Autumn Period and created a new situation of unification. Since the unification of Qin, China's more than 2,000 years of feudal society, although there were periods of fragmentation, but unification has always been the mainstream of history.

2) The Qin Dynasty was the first unified, multi-ethnic and centralized state in the history of China, and its authoritarian and centralized system of rule, which was inherited in China for more than 2,000 years, had far-reaching effects.

3) The Qin Dynasty's unification of writing, currency, weights and measures had an extremely important impact on China's later economic and cultural development and the maintenance of national unity.

4) Ancient projects such as the famous Great Wall of China and the Spirit Canal were built.

Which measures of the Qin Dynasty had an impact on later generations?

Answer:

1. Qin destroyed the six states and established the first unified, centralized feudal state in China's history

2. The supreme ruler was called the emperor, who had total control over all powers 3. The county system was introduced throughout the country;

4. Metrics and weights and measures were unified. After the unification of Qin, the Small Seal Script was adopted as the unified script for the whole country, and later the simpler official script was used. Qin Shihuang also stipulated the uniform use of round, square-hole copper coins in the whole country;

5. The Great Wall was built; 6. The Spiritual Nullahs were excavated.

4, Qin Dynasty boundaries: east to the East China Sea, west to Longxi, north to the area around the Great Wall, south to the South China Sea.

5, the material "divided the world into thirty-six counties, set up guards, Ui, the collection of the world's troops, gathered in Xianyang, unified law, zhang feet, the car with the same track, the book with the same word."

1) the above quote is implemented by whom? What were the main measures taken? A: It was implemented by Qin Shi Huang, and the main measures were: the implementation of the county system, and the unification of weights and measures, writing, and currency.

2) What was the purpose and effect of implementing the above measures? A: The purpose was to strengthen centralized power; the role was: conducive to the consolidation of unification, conducive to the economic and cultural exchanges between different parts of the world.

Lesson 11: "To Kill the Unworthy and Execute the Tyrannical Qin"

Classroom Introduction

Through this lesson, you will learn to understand and master the main manifestations of the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty, the basic historical knowledge about the uprisings of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang as well as the demise of the Qin Dynasty, and learn a brief account of the struggle between the Chu and the Han Dynasties.

Through exploring the reasons for the outbreak of peasant revolts at the end of the Qin Dynasty, the students will develop the ability to analyze the problems with the preliminary use of historical materialism; they will think about the changes in the nature of the wars led by Xiang Yu and Liu Bang before and after the Qin Dynasty's fall, and develop the ability to make preliminary comparisons of the nature of wars.

Through the study of this lesson to realize that the Qin's tyranny is the root cause of the peasants' revolt, so as to understand that whoever wins the hearts of the people, wins the world.

I. Qin's tyranny:

A Qin's taxes and levies were heavy; B Qin's criminal law was very harsh, with "clan punishment" and "even work".

II. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang Uprising:

1. Time ---- 209 B.C.; 2. Leaders --- Chen Sheng and Wu Guang; 3. Place ---- Herb County, Dazhe Township;

4. Slogan --- "The king and his vassals would prefer to have their own kind of men." 5. Regime was established in Chen.

Three, Chen Sheng, Wu Guang uprising significance: Chen Sheng, Wu Guang launched the first large-scale peasant war in Chinese history, their revolutionary pioneering spirit, inspired the later generations of millions of working people rose up against the brutal rule.

Fourth, the fall of the Qin Dynasty:

In 207 B.C., Xiang Yu defeated the main force of the Qin army at the Battle of Julu (the story of "Breaking the Kettle and Sinking the Boat") with fewer than many, and at the same time, Liu Bang led his troops to capture Xianyang, and the Qin Dynasty fell.

Fifth, the struggle between Chu and Han:

1, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang in order to compete for the throne, four years of war, known in history as the "Chu-Han struggle"

2, 202 BC, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, the capital of Changan, Liu Bang is the Han Gaozu.

3. Xiang Yu committed suicide in Wujiang River.

6, the material "poor farmers 900 people, was sent to Yuyang garrison border, the middle of the heavy rain, missed the deadline can not arrive to be executed, called for an uprising"

1) This is the scene of which uprising description? A: It was the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang.

2) Name the time and place of the uprising. A: In 209 B.C., in the township of Dazhe.

3) What was the slogan of the uprising? A: It was "The king and his vassals would rather have seeds."

4) What was the function of this uprising? A: The role was: Chen Sheng and Wu Guang launched the first large-scale peasant war in Chinese history, and their revolutionary pioneering spirit inspired millions of working people in later generations to rise up against brutal rule.

Knowledge Summarization

After this lesson, you can organize the major historical events of the Qin Dynasty into a chronology of events (as shown below), train yourself to sort out the ability of historical knowledge, and learn the method of its list of historical facts, and grasp the clues to the development of the entire history of the Qin Dynasty on a macro level.

Time Major Events

221 B.C.E. Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms and the Qin Dynasty was established

209 B.C.E. Dazhaxiang Uprising

207 B.C.E. Battle of Julu

207 B.C.E. Qin Dynasty ended

206 B.C.E. Chu-Han War started

202 B.C.E. Chu-Han War ended and the Han Dynasty was established

202 B.C.E. Chu-Han War ended and the Han Dynasty was established

202 B.C.E. Qin Dynasty was established. End, Han Dynasty established

Peasant War is the first time to learn the subject, in the study of attention to grasp the five elements (time, place, leaders, events, impact or significance) and three steps (cause, through, result), training systematic and orderly grasp of knowledge, and gradually develop good habits of thought.