Human resource consultation of junior economists: observation method of general job analysis

Observation is a traditional method of job analysis, which means that job analysts go directly to the job site to observe some specific work activities, collect and record information about the job content, the interrelationship between jobs, the relationship between people and work, the working environment and conditions, and then record it in words or charts, and then analyze and summarize it. Observation method is mainly suitable for a large number of periodic and repetitive work. It can be divided into three methods: direct observation, self-observation (work log method) and work participation. According to the degree of structure, observation can be divided into structured observation and unstructured observation. The structural degree of observation method refers to the degree that the observation process, recording method and result arrangement are determined and unified in advance.

The process of job analysis and observation includes the following three stages:

(1) Pre-observation preparation stage: This stage includes six links: determination of objectives, selection of observation objects, selection of appropriate methods, determination of time and place, confirmation of tools and equipment, and selection and training of analysts.

(2) Field observation and recording stage: This stage is divided into two stages: field observation and field recording. In the field observation stage, we should pay attention to mutual communication, build trust, briefly introduce the purpose of job analysis to the observed object, and remove some obstacles for the implementation of observation; In the recording stage, we should strictly abide by the process requirements of observation and recording, complete the recording work seriously, communicate in time and give feedback in time.

(3) Data sorting, analysis and application stage: After the observation, the collected information should be sorted and classified to form an observation record report. According to different methods, there are different requirements for data collation: for structured observation results, the collected data should be coded and input into the computer for analysis as planned; For the unstructured investigation, we should sort it out in a certain logical order, fill in the abbreviations in the observation process, form a descriptive report, and of course add personal judgment.

The advantage of observation method is that job analysts can fully and deeply understand job requirements; Low cost, economy, practicality and easy operation. The disadvantage is that it is not suitable for intermittent jobs that require high mental work and deal with emergencies; May make employees tired of being monitored; Unable to obtain information about incumbent qualification requirements.