Five characteristics of Jingdezhen porcelain help it maintain its leading position.

Jingdezhen porcelain is famous all over the world. The main products are blue and white, pastel, high-temperature glass, porcelain carving and some derivative products. For hundreds of years, the whole world tried to imitate Jingdezhen porcelain, but after hundreds of years, it still failed to reach the technological level of Jingdezhen. Jingdezhen porcelain varieties cover almost all porcelain varieties, and the once proud features of "white as jade, bright as a mirror, thin as paper and loud as stone" are now available in the ceramic industry. Jingdezhen porcelain not only keeps pace with the times, but also has several traditional crafts that can never be achieved in any region. These technologies are "blank benefiting", "dry joining", "carving", "color filling" and "corner turning"; These technologies are the fundamental guarantee for making high-grade porcelain. The following small series will introduce you to the characteristics of Jingdezhen porcelain.

First, let the blank benefit.

Turning rotating blank with special tool is a unique process in Jingdezhen. On the surface, this technology is everywhere, but in Jingdezhen, it is divided into three types of work: trimming, pressing and trimming, each of which has its own duties and cannot be interchanged. The trimmer just turns over the outer walls of bowls, dishes and other objects that have been painted, and the shape changes little. In addition, the blank is supported by the mold, and the process is relatively simple. In some historical periods, the technical difficulty is great, such as "over-the-shoulder foot" (the bottom tire is much thinner than the bowl wall outside the foot ring), and the blank-making workers need to turn all parts of the vessel, including the inner wall of the vessel and the segmented interface of the cutter. This technology is the most difficult, so it is divided into two lines: big tool blank making and small tool blank making. These two jobs are only available in Jingdezhen.

First, turn the dried bottle bottom, bottle body and bottle neck up and down to meet the requirements, and then evenly apply special mud to the joints. Then the three sections are bonded, and then the inner and outer seams are turned flat after drying. Because the blank has radian, it is impossible to know the thickness of the blank when turning. It is up to Liberians to judge the thickness of the wall by listening to the sound, and then decide whether to continue turning. Because of the different thickness of the mouth and the radian, the traditional clay has low fire resistance.

Small tools and open blanks meet the requirements, especially when turning bowls and cups, the blanks are as thin as cicadas. When turning the corner, it was entirely by feeling, and with a little carelessness, all previous efforts were in vain. Knives, bottles and cans are also pulled in sections, dried, turned over and finally turned over the outer wall. As you can imagine, the difficulty is so light and thin, which is different from the whole world.

What is exquisiteness in porcelain making? Simply put, the arc should be natural and smooth, smooth and gradual, and the hard angle should be clear and unambiguous, especially in the heel of the sole. The fine products of Ming and Qing dynasties are basically clear and clean, unlike the imitation heel angle, which is basically curved. Because of the meticulous division of labor, strong professionalism and traditional products, Jingdezhen fine products must use this technology, which not only has beautiful shape, but also greatly improves glaze smoothness. Porcelain from all over the world has not been as good as Jingdezhen's products since its formation. If the surface of porcelain is unfavorable, it will be uneven. Although it will not be found, the overall effect of glaze will not feel good.

Second, dry connection

Dry joining is also a unique process of Jingdezhen porcelain. Some additional decorations on the cutter, such as bottle ears, spout, cup handle, etc. It is not dried in various porcelain factories, and the additional decoration is bonded when the green body is wet. The purpose of this is to avoid cracks or deformation caused by inconsistent shrinkage of interface mud with the main body and additional decoration. But after bonding, it can't be beneficial to the blank, and it can only be modified by grinding. In modern times, the process of polishing after sintering is often used. However, the quality level can not be reached after blank making. In Jingdezhen, after the blank is completely dried and made, the carver carefully trims the bonding surface. First, the bonding mud prepared from the blank mud is coated on the inner side of the joint, and the external mud prepared from the secret recipe of the ancestral family is coated on the outer side of the joint, and the additional decoration is aligned and flattened, and then the extruded external mud is smoothed. The corner of the joint depends on the angle and line, and the carver is responsible for making additional decoration to avoid problems in bonding. The external coating mud used is all made by ourselves, even if I work in a state-owned enterprise factory. The factory will pay a certain fee every month, and the external mud will not dry, but the adhesion is low, so two kinds of interface mud must be used at the same time. Due to the professional operation of the sculptor, the quality of the additional decoration is high.

Third, sculpture.

Sculpture is a unique process in Jingdezhen, and other porcelain producing areas also have this process, but most of them are green body carvings, and decorative patterns are carved when the green body is not dry. Relief products are mostly carved after sticking plastic, while Jingdezhen's "half knife mud" decoration is carved on the ground. Some simple carved vessels are also decorated with dragons, flies, etc., which should be put on porcelain and then glued to the vessels, because they are carved after the blank is dried. Sculptures in porcelain factories all over the world are basically plastic rather than carved. Whether it is wet mud modeling or tools, it is used to shape the eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth and other details of the characters, or to print the details through molding, with high efficiency and low technical difficulty. The disadvantage is that after glazing, because the lines are smooth, it is easy to hang glaze, and the clarity of decorative patterns is greatly reduced, so porcelain carving, a figure from Europe, Dehua and Foshan porcelain factory, does not glaze his face or hands. Commonly known as "anti-porcelain" or "alum porcelain", it is to avoid facial blurring after glazing. In the market, the price of Jingdezhen fine porcelain carving is several times or more higher than that of other areas. It is because Jingdezhen porcelain carving needs to dry the plastic blank before carving, which is inefficient and technically difficult, but the artistic effect of glazed face is much better than that of unglazed porcelain carving.

Fourth, fill color.

Color filling is also a unique process in Jingdezhen. Fill lines are divided into three types: color matching, advanced and low. Pastel painters draw patterns, dye ink bases, and then color them with fillers. In order to ensure the consistency of product color and maintain the traditional color tone, general manufacturers have professional color mixing workers to mix pigments. This industry has been handed down from generation to generation. The senior color filler should cover all the patterns with transparent pigment, fill the parts with glass white, and then fill the colors. The purpose of color separation is to make the dyed parts have bright and dark effects and increase the layering. Senior color filler requires accurate writing, natural color separation, certain artistic perception, understanding the ideological connotation of the painter's works, and making the works more exciting through color filling, which basically belongs to secondary creation. Therefore, the number of senior color fillers in Jingdezhen is small, and ordinary color fillers mainly process pastel daily-use porcelain, such as Hong Wanshou and Huangyanglian, and also fill in mid-range pastel antique porcelain patterns. It requires accurate writing, even and full color filling, no crossing the line and no missing filling. Most of the color filling workers are from ancestors, and the advanced color filling technology is extremely confidential. It has been a unique decoration technology in Jingdezhen for hundreds of years.

Verb (short for verb) dilemma

Corners and corner ornaments are basically painted by porcelain painters themselves or low-level painters in other regions. In Jingdezhen, there are professional painters painting corners. Blue and white edges pay attention to the same size and are placed neatly and evenly. Because I have drawn several edge patterns for a long time, I draw them casually, and my handwriting is urgent and rhythmic. As long as you draw a modern imitation, you will immediately show your true colors. Pastel decoration is exquisite and neat, especially twill and brocade patterns. Although there are countless strokes, the pens are in place and meticulous. Unless you start becoming a monk at an early age, you can never do it. Therefore, the patterns and patterns in pastel decoration are all a Chinese odyssey.

Many people know Jingdezhen porcelain, but not many people really understand its characteristics. The previous small series introduced the five characteristics of Jingdezhen porcelain, namely "benefiting the blank", "dry joint", "carving", "filling color" and "corner", which is also the reason why Jingdezhen porcelain dominates the world. Bian Xiao will introduce the characteristics of Jingdezhen porcelain to everyone here first. Want to know more, please continue to pay attention to Tuba rabbit decoration!

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