Labuan Culture - Labuan Art - Arts and Crafts

Labuan Culture - Labuan Art - Arts and Crafts

(1) Jian Kiln Porcelain

Jian Kiln is one of the eight kilns in the Song Dynasty, the site is in Jianyang County, Shui Ji Township, the back of the wells, the village of pools in the hillside. Jian kiln porcelain to black glaze kiln is the most precious, due to the glaze presents the texture, spots, and is divided into rabbit hair glaze, oil drop glaze, obsidian glaze, partridge spot glaze and eel skin glaze and so on. In that black as paste, moist as a mirror in the glaze, emerged in large and small, strange texture spots, in the sunlight and moonlight reflection, leaping like a pearl like jade strange light, and with the change of viewing angle and move. The counties near the kiln area have always been rich in tea, so the most famous tea utensils of Jian Kiln are called "Jianjian". Su Dongpo praised Jianjian: "Suddenly startled by the afternoon lamp rabbit hair spots, playing as a spring urn goose wine" ("Dongpo Complete Works", Volume 26, "Shouxing Temple far away from the tea as a gift of this poem"). Song Huizong in the "Daguan tea theory", said: "the color of the marigold noble green and black, jade hair stripes up to the top" ("said the cache" volume 52). Song and Yuan dynasties, Jianzhan is the top tribute, the imperial tea, commonly used Jianzhan. 12 century, the Japanese Buddhist monks in Zhejiang Tianmu Mountain to get a Jianzhan, regarded as the most precious, brought back to Japan, named "Tianmu Jianzhan". At present, countries around the world are treasured "obsidian change Jianlian", in which the Japanese Jingjia Hall collection of a known as "the world's first" treasures, designated as a national treasure.

(2) Dehua Porcelain

Dehua porcelain in the Ming Dynasty white porcelain is the most famous, transparent, ivory white color, elegant and quiet, texture like jade. Dehua kiln porcelain sculpture with almost all the ancient ceramics plastic painting combination method is different, it does not rely on any painting means, completely based on the sculpture of artistic language and delicate glaze conditions, to complete a variety of artistic image shaping. Dehua porcelain white glaze gives a person a kind of quiet, pure beauty, the fired Guanyin, Dharma statue, etc., more should have a sense of holiness.

Dehua in the Ming Dynasty appeared a number of porcelain sculpture artists, such as He Chaozong, Zhang Shoushan, Chen Wei, Lin Chaojing. They absorbed traditional techniques such as clay and wood carving, the application of porcelain glaze texture characteristics, carefully created and fired a variety of images of Taoist characters, delicate and evocative, skillful, with high artistic value. One of the most outstanding works is the heirloom He Chaozong porcelain Guanyin, soft and pure, full-bodied, kind and solemn, folds of deep wash, dashing and smooth lines, extraordinary charm, both the mysterious and mysterious religious colors, but also implies a beautiful, healthy, happy mood. Dehua porcelain sculpture since its inception, has been a very high evaluation at home and abroad, the French called "goose down white", "China White", and even known as "Oriental Art".

(3) Lacquerware

Fujian's lacquerware, Fuzhou is the most famous. Its texture is light and firm, the shape is simple and generous, the color is bright, bright as a mirror, the decorative technique is rich and varied, with a unique national style and strong local characteristics. It is known as the "three treasures" of Chinese traditional crafts with Beijing's cloisonné and Jiangxi Jingdezhen's porcelain, and enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad.

Stripped lacquerware production is not easy, each finished product has to go through dozens or even hundreds of procedures. The production method is divided into two kinds of stripped tire, wood tire. Stripped tire is to clay, plaster, wood mold for the product embryo, with summer cloth or silk cloth and raw lacquer in the embryo layer by layer mounted on, after drying, remove the inner tube, leaving the lacquer cloth prototype, and then after the gray ground, sanding, lacquer grinding, applying a variety of decorative patterns, will become a bright as a mirror, colorful stripped lacquerware. Wooden lacquerware is mainly made of hard wood such as nanmu, camphor wood and beech wood, and is painted directly without stripping. The rest of the process is basically the same, except for the non-stripping process. The decorative techniques of lacquer ware are rich and varied. The traditional techniques include black push light, color push light, thin color material, halo gold lacquer painting, embedded silver color, brocade pattern, embedded conch dian, antique copper. In recent decades, the development of gemstone flash, imitation color kiln, lagenaria, dark flowers, imitation of bronze, carving and filling, floating piles and other techniques, and the lacquer painting techniques with jade, stone, tooth, wood carving art combination, so that the lacquer handicrafts more colorful. There are many kinds of lacquerware products with various specifications. There are figures, flowers and fruits, fishes and insects, screens, vases, etc. for people to appreciate, as well as practical tea sets, tableware, stationery, furniture and so on.

In recent years, arts and crafts artists paint with lacquer, forming a new type of painting - grinding lacquer painting. It is a comprehensive use of the various production techniques and decorative techniques of lacquer, the first lacquer on the board base, the draft traced with lacquer, and then according to the needs of the picture applied to gold, silver, screw, egg shells and other materials as a decorative, after many repeated coloring, polishing, and finally covered with transparent lacquer and polishing, etc., will be full of hidden and hidden effects, three-dimensional sense of strong, smooth and bright lacquer grinding painting works. The style of lacquer painting is deep and simple, magnificent and magical, with endless flavor. It is not only often appear in the form of art, but also because of its gorgeous and sturdy materials, can be combined with architectural art, made of magnificent murals, become a unique national style of hall decoration.

(4) Fuzhou Shoushan stone carving

Shoushan Township, the northern suburbs of Fuzhou, surrounded by mountains, streams across the intersection, abound in colorful, moist as jade, chlorite. Yelapite is produced in Shoushan Township, so it is known as Shoushan Stone.

Shoushan stone varieties, no less than a hundred kinds, of which the most famous is divided into three categories according to the origin of the "Tiankeng", "Shuikeng", "Shankeng". Tiankeng due to the different colors of the stone, and can be divided into "Tianhuang", "Tianbai", "Tianhong" and so on; ShuiKeng can be divided into "pithead jelly", "crystal jelly", "crystal jelly", "crystal jelly", "crystal jelly", "crystal jelly", "crystal jelly", "crystal jelly", "crystal jelly", "crystal jelly" and "crystal jelly". ", "crystal jelly", "fish brain jelly", "peach blossom jelly" and so on; pits have "flag drop stone ", "Alpine stone", "Hibiscus stone", "Emei stone" dozens of kinds.

Shoushan stone carving from when to be examined, the earliest visible objects are the two Shoushan stone carvings of lying pigs in the Southern Dynasty tombs. In the Song Dynasty, there are artists specializing in Shoushan stone mining and carving, and there are workshops specializing in supplying the government. Among the objects excavated from Song tombs, Shoushan stone carvings are most prominent in male martial arts maids, female dancing maids, and elderly maids, while animal works include dragons, phoenixes, chickens, pigs, horses, and sheep. Yuan dynasty, shoushan stone has been used for painting and calligraphy, seal button head decoration also has great development. Qing Dynasty is Shoushan stone carving flourishing period, carving masters, and the formation of "West School", "East School" and other different styles of schools.

The creation of Shoushan stone carving, artists first to "phase stone", that is, according to the shape of the stone, the color of the clever conception, due to the situation of modeling, according to the material of the art. In the carving process, to make good use of the stone color, the natural color and ghostly craftsmanship into one, so that the work is vivid and lively, lifelike. Shoushan stone carving after thousands of years of development, the formation of a variety of superb performance techniques, the most important of which are round carving, relief carving, thin intention, hollowing, inlay and other five. There are no less than a thousand varieties of works, such as flowers and fruits, figures, animals, landscapes and other furnishings to appreciate, but also stationery, seals, smoking, vases and other works of appreciation and practical combination of works.

(5) Huian stone carving

Huian stone carving has a thousand years of history. Currently we can see the earliest Huian stone carving, is the Tang Dynasty Wang Chao (Wang Shenzhi's brother) in the tomb of the floral relief. Ming and Qing dynasties, Hui'an stone carving skills have become increasingly sophisticated, not only master craftsmen, but also appeared a number of like Anxi Temple Dragon column, Xiangyou East Gate Stone Square, Fuzhou Gushan Yongquan Temple with a play ball stone lions, Taipei Longshan Temple, such as a number of masterpieces of the flower and bird columns.

Huian stone carving has six categories, namely round carving, sunken carving, line carving, relief carving, shadow carving and micro-carving, with nearly hundreds of varieties, among which the two main varieties that best represent Huian stone carving are lions and coiled dragon pillars. Carving artists in the hard stone, with a steel brazier, hammer and other simple tools, with superb skills to carve out a variety of characters, birds and animals, landscapes, flowers, floral patterns, lanterns, small pots and tables, stone mortar, teapot, etc., smooth lines, fine carving, distinctive image, lifelike, and the spirit of the object is not perfect.