What were the names of "shoes" in ancient times? How have shoes evolved since ancient times?

How have shoes evolved since ancient times? Let's talk about Bian Xiao in detail.

For modern handsome men and women, you must dress up before going out. A pair of handsome shoes is an indispensable factor. Look at the type first, sports shoes, Martin boots, casual shoes and leather shoes. Some clever buddies also wear clogs. Want a famous brand? What? Artie, Nike, Puma, Vance and so on. I have to say that social progress has made our life more colorful. Even a pair of ordinary shoes can have many choices.

Then the problem is coming. We have many choices now. What shoes did ancestors who lived in ancient times wear?

The earliest shoes-feet covered with animal skin

There is no doubt that ancient people were naked at first. After all, it was good that humans could barely survive at that time, and there was no concept of shoes. With the continuous progress of human beings, hunting tools are also developing, and large carnivores like tigers and leopards have become a dish. Besides eating meat, intelligent humans also use tools to peel hair. This kind of animal skin can be covered on the body to keep warm, and it can also protect the feet, so that human beings will not be frostbitten in the cold winter. So the earliest shoes in history were born, which will accompany mankind for thousands of years.

With the passage of time, when the Three Emperors and Five Emperors became a thing of the past and time came to Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the shoes we wore finally had a name. Unlike today's shoes called "canvas shoes" and "casual shoes", ancient shoes were not called shoes, and people had their own names.

Emperor's shoes-Yi

The word "Xi 'an" should be read four times. It is not easy to write, but it is the noblest in shoes. Why? This is the "royal shoes" of emperors and generals. Before dragon boots appeared, emperors, tribal leaders and princes all wore them. Because the Duke of Zhou devoted himself to serving and marking etiquette and rank, the shoes worn by the King of Zhou became a top priority, so officials in charge of the shoes of the King of Zhou and his queen Li Ren came into being. He is in charge of the clothes of the king and queen. Fu is the floorboard of ancient shoes. Zhou Wang's standard dress is to wear a crown suit, which means that red shoes are the most admired, followed by white and black. In order to highlight the dignitaries in Zhou Wang, people have to add a layer of bottom under the red carpet, that is, "put shoes under the wooden floor". "So red, with leather on the top and wood on the bottom, became the characteristics of red hair.

Qin Shihuang unified the whole world and established the first centralized feudal country in history. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was gifted at beating Xiongnu. Almost all the standard portraits of these two men were crowned with the crown of heaven, wearing royal clothes and stepping on the toes of shoes, as if to declare the dignity of the emperor to everyone. Even the shoes on the soles of your feet shine with the majesty of the emperor.

The first place in shoes-Yi

The emperor and the princes were all dressed up. What do ordinary people wear? It is made of grass, hemp and kudzu vine. The word "ju" has four sounds. In addition to representing the noblest shoes in ancient times, the word "Ju" actually means multiple soles. Rich and powerful people can wear thick-soled wooden shoes, which are wear-resistant. What if I have no money? You can only wear these single-layer shoes. Moreover, the court stipulates that these shoes are made of silk and leather and can be decorated. This kind of low-grade shoes made of hemp are not qualified to do this, but please don't feel that they are not wear-resistant and prick your feet. For ordinary people, it is good to have a pair of shoes. To make matters worse, it can only be bare!

Both men and women can wear them, and there are many kinds of beautiful shoes-toe-lifting shoes.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, princes and nobles often looked up and put on their shoes. Especially in the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the so-called toe-lifting shoes are the toes of shoes. In ancient times, men's and women's costumes were mostly wide robes and sleeves, which was convenient for mopping the floor. Standing on tiptoe can avoid tripping over clothes in action. At the same time, the witty ancients also used toe shoes as the decoration of shoes, giving people a unique aesthetic feeling. There are many kinds of toe shoes, including walking shoes, golden shoes, cloud shoes, water shoes and so on. Judging from the patterns and styles, there are also leather shoes, silk shoes and cloth shoes. Judging from the materials. Flat shoes were quickly welcomed by the upper class because of their comfort and variety. Whether it's princes, nobles or scholars, it's beautiful to wear it.

Qi Jinggong even designed his own shoes, which is estimated to be a global limited edition. -Gong Jing is the shoe, the golden one, decorated with silver beads and fine jade, the ornament on the shoe, its long ruler, and the ice moon dress that listens to the DPRK. "In addition to inlaid with gold and silver, this is not enough. It is also decorated with pearls, jewels, AJ and Adi, all of which are played in front of these shoes! The only drawback is that Comrade Gong Jing put too many good things in this pair of shoes, which turned out to be overweight and could not be worn. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao said to his wives and concubines before he died that "the lingering fragrance can be shared with the ladies-in-waiting". Do nothing in the house, learn to do and learn to sell. " Expensive silk shoes knitted by these ladies-in-waiting.

It is worth mentioning that toe-lifting shoes in the Western Han Dynasty were divided into two types: men and women. Men's toe-lifting shoes have two sharp corners, while women's toe-lifting shoes are mostly round, oval and cloud-shaped. Silk shoes are embroidered with gold thread and multicolored, which is very delicate. It can be said that from the Han Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties, exquisite toe-lifting shoes have accompanied China women for thousands of years.

But that was at the end of the Han Dynasty, and the word "shoe" was a bit interesting and worthless if it was not modified. This is because in this period, the word "shoe" replaced the word "foot" and became the floorboard of shoes. The so-called toe cap is, after all, the exclusive property of aristocratic groups, officials and the rich. Ordinary people don't think about what clothes they will trip over when they wear short shirts and linen, so people wear sandals and Ma Xie. Unless you say "diaosi shoes" or "leather shoes" indicate the material, they will be regarded as straw sandals.

For example, "weaving shoes" means weaving straw sandals, and "selling shoes" means selling straw sandals. The most famous are Liu Bei and Emperor Wu of Song. Because of his poor family, Liu Bei "worked as a weaver with his mother when he was young." And Liu Yuze is even worse. He doesn't even have the title of Han clan. He can only make a living by selling sandals and gambling. "Yu family was born in humble origins and lived in Jingkou. He has been selling shoes for a living. Cherish jade, only know words, lose everything, too cheap. "It can be seen that we have not underestimated the sellers of straw sandals. Maybe there is a great hero in it. However, regardless of the heroes who sell shoes, selling shoes is a humble thing after all. Zhuangzi, a businessman from Cao, sarcastically said, "My husband is poor, so I am embarrassed to knit shoes. Shoe sellers lack business. "Liu Bei is often called' selling children's shoes'. It can be seen that in ancient times, not only wearing straw sandals was easily discriminated against by the rich and nobles, but even those who knitted and sold straw sandals were inevitably ridiculed.

But by the Tang and Song Dynasties, the weaving technology of straw sandals had been very developed. "At the time of Wenzong, wuyue woven high-headed sandals, and their fibers were like silk, which was not available in the previous generation." Woven straw sandals are exquisite and wear-resistant, and are deeply loved by professional women. "Women's clothes are blue, flowers and shoes are flat, and colored silk woven shoes." it

This kind of shoes are usually made of wood, so they are called "clogs". Clogs are different from flat shoes. Generally, the soles have two rows of wooden teeth, so they look like high heels. When walking, you don't have to worry about soil staining shoes or robes, so they are interpreted as "clogs" in the explanation. Two feet can practice mud. "It can be seen that the earliest clogs are similar to the overshoes we wear, all for the convenience of walking in rainy days. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, scholars endowed it with different literary colors. In the eyes of these literati, wearing wide robes and standing on high clogs, when they go for an outing, they can only show an elegant and indifferent attitude. " Yan's instructions "These aristocratic children rubbed their faces.

There are many interesting stories about clogs. The most famous is Xie An, a politician in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Under the leadership of Xie Shi and others, the Battle of Feishui in the Eastern Jin Dynasty achieved great victory. Fu Jian's dream of dominating the pre-Qin world was completely shattered. When the news of victory reached the court, Xie An was playing chess with the guests. After reading the battle report, he is still the same as before. When the guest asked about the contents, Shi Shiran replied: "The children have defeated the Fu Jian army." The battle of feishui is related to the life and death of the eastern Jin court. Are top priorities. You're still so calm after a total victory! The guests couldn't help admiring Xie An's self-restraint kung fu, but as soon as the guests left, Xie An immediately changed his face. When he returned to the back room excitedly, he was so happy that he didn't even know that his clogs were broken. Well, thank you. In the battle of water, less wins more. This is a great event celebrated by the whole country. Are you ecstatic? Why do you have to make it clear in front of important people, but you lose your manners behind your back? Just now, "I'm not happy. I am still playing chess. " In fact, it means "I'm so happy that I don't even feel my teeth broken." This is a typical case of pretending to fail!

Even the prime minister stepped on clogs, which shows that clogs were very popular at that time and had a large audience. Xie Lingyun, a great poet in the Southern Dynasties, was a travel madman. On the way across the mountains and rivers, he also improved the clogs. Don't clogs have two wooden teeth in front and back? The poet thanked him for making it flow-"Climbing a Nie often brings clogs, getting front teeth when going up the mountain, and getting back teeth when going down the mountain", which makes it more convenient to go up and down the mountain, so it is widely circulated among the people. In the years when I climbed Mount Tianmu in my dream, I wrote "I climbed the blue ladder wearing Xie's earliest spiked shoes". Halfway through the sunny ocean, the sacred rooster crows in space. "It can be seen that the clogs have not disappeared in later generations, and there are still many poems about clogs in ancient poetry. Ye Shaoweng wrote: "You have to pity your clogs and print them with moss, but you can't burn firewood for a long time." Ceng Gong wrote, "If you are in the upper cabinet, you will be in the autumn. "Although people no longer wear clogs in their daily lives, Xie Lingyun's carefree and elegant spirit makes poets yearn for envy. When traveling and visiting friends, they still wear clogs symbolizing freedom and freedom. Maybe this can make them closer to the Wei and Jin scholars in spirit!

Exotic charm-boots

In fact, boots are high heels, and there are many theories about its origin. Some people think that boots were introduced from northern minorities when riding and archery-"Bootman, Gaye. Once upon a time, Wang Wuling of Zhao liked Khufu very much and always liked him. " Some people think that music, songs and dances were introduced from nomadic people in the north, but there is no doubt that boots originated from many nomadic people with cattle and horses and were first used in war. At first, people in the Central Plains only wore boots when riding horses, but after the cultural integration of farming and nomadic peoples in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, boots became a part of Chinese shoes.

There are also many kinds of boots, such as leather boots, felt boots, leather boots and cloud boots. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the social atmosphere was open, and the costumes of all ethnic groups in the western regions were deeply loved by the people of the Central Plains. In the Tang Dynasty, many people wore Hu clothes and leather boots. After the Qing army entered the customs, boots in the north became more common. There is such a story in A Dream of Red Mansions. Shi Xiangyun was wearing men's clothes on a snowy day, only to see her tight sleeves and shallow deer boots. Even Lin Daiyu laughed at her as a "little slut". It can be seen that although boots have entered the Central Plains for hundreds of years, they still have a strong foreign flavor.

Let's introduce the official boots again. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, boots were designated as official uniforms, and officials had to wear boots to court. Don't look at just a pair of simple boots, you should distinguish between high and low! For example, the third-level official uses purple piping, the fifth-level official uses crimson piping, and the seventh-level official uses blue decoration. Boots were very popular in the Tang Dynasty, and they could be worn from the emperor to Shu Ren. There are many styles of boots, including cloud boots, gooseneck boots, Korean boots and flower boots. But in the early Ming dynasty, boots became the exclusive product of the ruling clique, and only officials and nobles were qualified to wear them. However, this restriction was later lifted, but the court stipulated that the boots worn by the people should not be dyed black and decorated to distinguish them from official boots.

It is said that the best official boots in Qing Dynasty were made of inlaid shoes. Not only the shoes are well made, but also the service attitude. They will record the size requirements of the guests' shoes in detail. Adults want to buy shoes, just say hello and send them to your home. Therefore, Beijingers always use "horses on the top of their heads, feet in line, wearing eight-character auspicious clothes, and their waists remain the same." As a show-off capital.

Bow shoes, flowerpot shoes

Bow shoes are cruel and abnormal shoes, which mainly appeared after the Song Dynasty and were very common in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Bow shoes are worn by women after foot binding. Because foot binding makes their feet bow, this kind of shoes with strange shapes are called bow shoes. We know that the process of foot-binding is extremely painful, in fact, it is to turn a woman's foot into a "three-inch golden lotus" that men like. So don't look at these bow shoes as shoes, but women with small feet can't walk at all and can only walk with the help of others. Women's weak appearance satisfies men's animal desires, so the wind of foot-binding has intensified since the Song Dynasty. Finally, foot binding is beautiful. If a woman has big feet. Looking at this bow shoe, which is less than a palm, and thinking about the hardships and pains suffered by ancient women when binding their feet, we can only be glad that this shoe has become a cultural relic, so let it stay in the window forever and never appear again!

Flower pot bottom shoes are exclusive shoes for Manchu girls. In fact, when it comes to flowerpot shoes, we are all strangers. All the concubines and maids in the Qing Dynasty drama are human feet. The flowerpot sole shoe is a kind of embroidered shoe unique to Manchu, which is named after the sole is shaped like a flowerpot. The biggest feature of flowerpot shoes is that the soles are made of wood blocks, which are very high from the ground. They can make exquisite patterns on the vamps and vamps, which are quite similar to the high-heeled shoes in Qing Dynasty. Girls walk gracefully in them and have a certain flavor. But the bottom of this flowerpot looks much more difficult to walk than modern high-heeled shoes, and we can't help worrying about the women in the Qing Dynasty.

In addition, women in Qing Dynasty had various choices, such as gold ingot shoes, horseshoe shoes and flat shoes.

In addition, cloth shoes are loved by people, especially the ruling class after the Qing Dynasty, because of their lightness, breathability and comfort. Wear boots on solemn occasions such as offering sacrifices to heaven and earth or going to court, but they all step on C.

For ordinary people, countless pairs of straw sandals may accompany them for a lifetime. Remember the "steps" in our Chinese textbook? My father spent most of his life trying to build a new house. "Broken sandals are piled on the steps." Maybe the hardworking old man never thought about wearing good shoes. After all, it was not easy to survive in those days.

Shoe culture

Besides making shoes and wearing shoes, China people have also formed a unique shoe culture. There is a saying from 0755 to 79000: "No old people, no classrooms." Do it if you dare not solve the problem, lift it on your knees and sieve it on the side. "That is to say, you can't wear shoes directly when you go to court or visit. You should take off your shoes, and you should take them off secretly. After all, in the eyes of the ancients, it is not elegant for you to sit on the steps with your ass up, so be bold.

This is because before the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were no chairs, stools and sofas, and people were popular to sit on their knees. Therefore, it is extremely impolite to spread a mat indoors. If you put on your shoes and go straight into the house, you will definitely dirty the mat. Therefore, it has become a necessary etiquette for men to take off their shoes and enter the house. After the Tang Dynasty, with the influx of foreign desks and chairs, people began to sit in chairs instead of on the floor, so they didn't have to take off their shoes when they were in court or visiting.

However, shoe culture has been influencing us imperceptibly. Whether traveling or visiting, shoes should be clean and tidy. And now every household has floor tiles, so we have to take off our shoes when we visit. If the host family has shoe covers, we should put them on and be careful not to damage or dirty the floor. If the host gives you slippers, put your shoes in order. Don't let two shoes differ by a hundred thousand miles. How to wear shoes and how to put them is enough to show a person's moral cultivation.

This is what our ancestors taught us.