The origin of pawn shops?

Pawnshops first appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China, which is a great contribution of Buddhist temples and is called "temple library". An institution that uses movable property as collateral to lend money to the other party. Formerly called quality warehouse, solution warehouse, standard store, also called pledge, also called small pledge for temporary operation of small funds. Pawnshops are mostly operated by private proprietorships or partnerships. Most families are poor. The current price is generally not more than half of the original price. Interest must be paid on redemption. If it is not redeemed at the expiration of the period, it will be sold by the pawnshop. Cancelled after the founding of New China. After the reform and opening up, pawnshops have been restored in some places, which are different in nature and manner from the old society. The development of pawn shops The old-fashioned pawn shops had wooden fences in front of them, purely for self-defense, rather than being run by prisoners as traditionally said. Around 1900, there were more than 200 pawn shops in Beijing, among which several pawn shops such as Chang, Liu, Dong and Meng were relatively rich. Most of the operating funds of these pawnbrokers came from officials and eunuchs of the Qing internal government. Pawnshops have a whole set of traditions different from other industries. Old-fashioned practitioners, tall counters, and the word "dang" written on the outer wall of the door always give people a mysterious feeling of isolation. At the beginning of the 20th century, pawn shops successively dismantled flagpoles or archways that had remained unchanged for many years in front of their doors, and competed to emulate the "Royal Tang Dang" cover set up by a family in the north of Dong 'anmen Road, a forbidden area near the Imperial City in 1900. "Yutongtang" did not set up a flagpole archway, but made a bronze three-sided card on the lintel of the fence. The card face is hollowed out, engraved with first-class patterns such as Yuntou, Fangsheng and Wanzi. It is shaped like a cornice and is called "Yunka". The back of the card is embedded in the lintel, and two scorpions are hung. At that time, peers felt novel, commonly known as "double scorpion Yutong". A loan shark in old China. This is a form of exploitation, which discounts the value of collateral provided by borrowers, lends cash, and regularly recovers the principal and interest. Pawnshops originated very early. In the Southern Dynasties, temples used clothes and other movable property as collateral to operate loan business. Pawnshops became high-quality warehouses in the Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, some aristocratic bureaucrats built shops, opened shops and warehouses, and engaged in business and usury exploitation. It occupies an important position in the market together with the cabinet shop. In the fifth year of Tang Huichang, the emperor said in a proclamation that "dressing up in the morning", "lending it to Zhou Hua" and "clearing the road" were all about setting up private warehouses to compete with others for profits. Pawnshops in Song Dynasty were called Longevity Warehouse. Due to the increasing development of social economy in Song Dynasty, longevity warehouses (high-quality warehouses) also developed. Dajia, wealthy businessmen, the government, the army, temples and big landlords all started lending business with goods as collateral. Apart from ordinary gold, silver, pearls, jade, money and goods, the things mortgaged in the Song Dynasty sometimes even included living things such as handmaiden, cattle and horses, while ordinary working people mostly used daily necessities as collateral. Changshengku has a short loan period and a high interest rate, which arbitrarily lowers the price of collateral. If the loan is not repaid at maturity, the pledge will be confiscated, causing many people to go bankrupt. Most of the businessmen in Yuan Dynasty were Hui people. Pawnbrokers are also Muslims. Pawnshops in Yuan Dynasty were called iodine-dissolving shops, and the interest on pawn loans was very high. Many working people have no money to redeem, and their quality is swallowed up by pawn shops. In the Ming dynasty, it was officially called pawnshop, and the pawnbrokers were mostly Shanxi and Shaanxi businessmen and Anhui people. Every city in the Ming Dynasty had its own shops, and some businessmen specialized in the quality of shops and made a fortune. The business scope of these businessmen is wider than before. Not only the poor are exploited, but also some rich families are on the verge of bankruptcy because of pawning. In the Ming dynasty, there was also a phenomenon of "pawning" in villages and towns, that is, small pawnbrokers in villages and towns took the money of big pawnbrokers in the city as capital, and the pledged goods were handed over to big pawnbrokers in the city. Pawnshops were very common in the Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong period, there were 600-700 pawnshops in Beijing. Pawnshops exploited people seriously in Qing Dynasty. For example, the "interest money" of pawn shops in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province used to be divided into three grades, with 1 above being 1 minute, 5% per month, 2 points per month above 1 and 3 points per month below1. The interest shall be calculated on a monthly basis, and it shall be calculated at 1 month if it exceeds several days. Moreover, if you can't redeem it for a certain period of time, you will die, and the quality will be confiscated by the pawnshop. In semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, pawn also established loan relations with banks and money houses, forming a usury network in urban and rural areas. Bureaucratic capital banks are also involved, and some local governments of the Kuomintang also set up public codes and public pawns, which is also usury. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the pawnshop stopped operating. ...