Briefly describe the main profit models and corresponding risk points of commercial banks.

1. The profit model of commercial banks refers to the financial revenue and expenditure structure dominated by commercial banks based on a certain asset-liability structure in a certain economic and market environment. According to different classification standards, commercial banks have different types of profit models. According to the main income structure, the profit model can be divided into traditional business types and non-traditional business types.

2. The four major risks faced by China commercial banks include credit risk, interest rate risk, operational risk and liquidity risk.

I. Profit model:

1, traditional business type. The traditional business profit model means that commercial banks take net interest income as the main profit source, and their business development is characterized by the expansion of asset scale and the growth of deposit and loan scale to maintain growth. Profits. Traditional business profit model is one of the traditional profit models of commercial banks in China, with simple business model, high profit, low relative risk and stable profit source. However, due to paying more attention to credit, the types of services it provides are relatively single, and the differences between banks are small. With the increasing voice of interest rate marketization in China, the traditional spread profit model has been challenged in many aspects.

2. Non-traditional business types. The profit model of non-traditional business types means that the non-traditional business income of commercial banks accounts for a relatively large proportion. The non-traditional businesses here mainly include: First, retail banking. Retail bank refers to the general name of commercial banks that provide various banking financial products and services for individuals and families according to the types of customers. Compared with wholesale banks, retail banks target small and medium-sized customers, especially individual customers. Its business is based on market demand, through reasonable arrangements for customers' personal financial management, developing and selling complete sets of financial products, seeking benefits for customers, preventing risks and improving their own interests. Retail banks have the characteristics of extensive customers, scattered risks and stable profits, but they also need commercial banks to have a sound institutional network.

This is an intermediate business. Intermediary business refers to the business that banks take advantage of their own institutional outlets, technical means and information processing to undertake services such as collection, payment and entrustment for customers and collect fees. There is no need to use the bank's own funds, which has the characteristics of stable income and low risk. It embodies the service function of commercial banks. Intermediary business mainly includes settlement business, collection business, trust business, leasing business and information consulting business. At present, intermediary business has become an important source of profit for most international commercial banks.

4. Private banks. Private banking refers to the banking business in which commercial banks provide personalized, differentiated and all-round financial services to important customer groups through hierarchical management of customer importance. As a financial business, private banks are based on high-net-worth wealth and serve high-net-worth individuals and institutions. Private banking is mainly aimed at independent private customers with rich private assets and high income. Because of its confidentiality, banks make comprehensive financial planning and asset management services such as investment, trust, credit, taxation and inheritance. Private banking is at the top of the pyramid of commercial banks. Based on asset management business, it has become the strategic core business of internationally renowned commercial banks.

Second, the main risks faced by China commercial banks:

1. Credit risk is the biggest risk faced by commercial banks in China, the most important of which is credit risk.

2. During the period of interest rate control, interest rate risk is mainly a kind of institutional risk reform. The expansion of market pricing field and the expansion of interest rate floating range will inevitably have a significant impact on the living environment and management of commercial banks in China.

3. Operational risk is a daily risk that China's commercial banks urgently need to control. The reason of operational risk lies in the failure of internal control and corporate governance mechanism of banks. This fault state may be due to service interruption error, fraud, failure to respond in time, resulting in financial losses of banks or other bank interests losses. Other aspects of operational risks include the reconstruction of information technology systems, major failures or other disasters.

4. Liquidity risk has always been the most basic risk faced by China commercial banks. Liquidity risk is a comprehensive reflection of other risks in the overall operation of commercial banks.