Treatment of esophageal cancer

Treatment of esophageal cancer: an overview of esophageal cancer;

Esophageal cancer is a common digestive tract tumor, and about 300,000 people worldwide die from esophageal cancer every year. Its morbidity and mortality vary from country to country. China is one of the regions with high incidence of esophageal cancer in the world, with an average annual mortality rate of about 654.38+0.5 million. Men are more than women, and the onset age is mostly over 40 years old. The typical symptom of esophageal cancer is progressive dysphagia. First, dry food is hard to swallow, second, semi-liquid food, and finally, water and saliva can't be swallowed.

Etiology of esophageal cancer;

The population distribution of esophageal cancer is related to age, sex, occupation, race, region, living environment, eating habits and genetic susceptibility. According to the existing investigation data, esophageal cancer may be caused by many factors. The reasons for the proposal are as follows:

1. Chemical etiology

Nitrosamine. These compounds and their precursors are widely distributed, can be formed in vivo and in vitro, and are highly carcinogenic. The nitrite content in diet, drinking water, sauerkraut and even saliva of patients in high-incidence areas is much higher than that in low-incidence areas.

2. Biological etiology

Fungi. A variety of fungi can be isolated from food in some high-incidence areas, upper digestive tract of patients with esophageal cancer or specimens of esophageal cancer removed, some of which have carcinogenic effects. Some fungi can promote the formation of nitrosamines and their precursors and promote the occurrence of cancer.

3. Lack of some trace elements

The contents of molybdenum, iron, zinc, fluorine and selenium in grain, vegetables and drinking water are low.

4. Lack of vitamins

Lack of vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C, and insufficient intake of animal protein, fresh vegetables and fruits are common features in high incidence areas of esophageal cancer.

5. Smoking, drinking, hot food, hot drinks, unclean mouth and other factors.

Long-term drinking, smoking, hard eating, overheating, eating too fast, causing chronic irritation, inflammation, trauma or oral uncleanness, dental caries and so on. It may be related to the occurrence of esophageal cancer.

6. Genetic factors

Genetic predisposing factors of esophageal cancer.

Symptoms of esophageal cancer:

Early stage: 1. The choking sensation of swallowing stalk is the most common, which can disappear and recur without affecting eating.

2. Pain behind the sternum and under the xiphoid process is more common. When swallowing food, there is pain behind the sternum or under the xiphoid process, which can be burning, acupuncture or pulling, especially when swallowing rough, hot or irritating food. At first, it was intermittent. When cancer invades or penetrates nearby tissues, it can cause severe and persistent pain. The site of pain is usually not completely consistent with the site of esophageal lesions. Spasmodic agents can temporarily relieve pain.

3. Food retention infection and foreign body sensation When swallowing food or drinking water, there is a feeling that the food drops slowly and stays, as well as the feeling of retrosternal contraction or food sticking to the esophageal wall, which disappears after eating. Most of the sites with symptoms are consistent with the sites of esophageal lesions.

4. When swallowing dry and rough food, the feeling of dry and tight throat is particularly obvious, and the occurrence of this symptom is often related to the patient's mood fluctuation.

Advanced stage: 1. Progressive dysphagia is the main symptom of most patients, but it is the late manifestation of the disease.

2. When dysphagia increases, food reflux often occurs, and the reflux is not great.

3. Other symptoms: 1) When the tumor compresses the recurrent laryngeal nerve, it can cause hoarseness;

2) Invasion of phrenic nerve can cause hiccups or phrenic nerve paralysis;

3) Compression of trachea or bronchus can cause shortness of breath and dry cough;

4) The erosion of aorta will lead to fatal bleeding.

Clinical manifestations of esophageal cancer:

(1) Progressive dysphagia: This is the most typical symptom of food and cancer. After swallowing coarse food, the patient has the feeling that the food stays behind the sternum temporarily, such as the feeling that the gas blocks the food, especially when eating the first bite of food in the morning. In the early stage of the disease, because the lump is small, it has little effect on eating, so it is very easy to be ignored. Progressive dysphagia may occur when the mass is gradually enlarged and the esophageal cavity is narrow.

(2) Poststernal pain when eating: it is difficult to swallow food, and there may also be a feeling of retrosternal pain. This kind of pain is burning pain, dull pain, and it gets worse with food. If the food is hot or acidic, the pain is more obvious. The pain eased slightly when the food was swallowed.

(3) Post-sternal discomfort: Some patients have no symptoms of sternal pain, but only feel post-sternal discomfort. In patients with esophageal cancer, about 1/5 people have this symptom, so we should pay attention to this kind of patients.

(4) Others: The pharynx feels dry and tight, and patients often feel tight neck, which is not conducive to swallowing food and has slight pain. Sometimes there is pain in the heart socket, which often happens when swallowing food.

These early symptoms mentioned above all have a common feature, which is related to swallowing food. Once you find these symptoms, you should pay special attention and go to the hospital in time.

Early diagnosis of esophageal cancer;

For patients with suspected esophageal cancer, cytological examination of esophageal net shedding should be carried out first, which is economical, simple, painless and non-dangerous. If cancer cells are found, X-ray esophagography or esophagoscopy can not only directly observe the tumor invading the esophagus, but also take tumor tissue for pathological examination, which is of great significance to the diagnosis of esophageal cancer.

Western medicine treatment of esophageal cancer;

There are surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and comprehensive treatment. The simultaneous or sequential application of two or more therapies is called comprehensive therapy. The results show that the comprehensive treatment effect is good.

1. surgical therapy

Surgery is the first choice for the treatment of esophageal cancer. If the whole body is in good condition, the cardiopulmonary function reserve is good, and there are no obvious signs of distant metastasis, surgical treatment can be considered. Generally speaking, the length of cervical cancer

Contraindications for operation: ① The whole body is in poor condition and has always been cachexia. Or have serious heart, lung or liver and renal insufficiency. ② The lesion has a large invasion area with obvious signs of invasion and perforation, such as hoarseness or esophagotracheal fistula. ③ Those with distant metastasis.

2. Radiotherapy

① radiotherapy combined with surgery can improve the resection rate and long-term survival rate. After preoperative radiotherapy, it is more appropriate to rest for 3 ~ 4 weeks before operation. The residual cancer tissue that is not completely removed during the operation is marked with metal, and postoperative radiotherapy usually begins 3 ~ 6 weeks after the operation. ② Simple radiotherapy is mostly used for cervical and upper thoracic esophageal cancer, and the operation of such patients is often difficult, with many complications and unsatisfactory curative effect; It can also be used for patients who have contraindications to surgery but the lesion time is not long, and the patient can still tolerate radiotherapy.

3. Chemotherapy

The combination of chemotherapy and surgical treatment or radiotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine can sometimes improve the curative effect, or alleviate the symptoms of patients with esophageal cancer and prolong the survival time. However, it is necessary to check the blood picture and liver and kidney function regularly and pay attention to the drug reaction.

Treatment of esophageal cancer with traditional Chinese medicine;

Prescription 1

When esophageal cancer is accompanied by dysphagia, vomiting and other symptoms, you can take Pinellia ternata 18g, aconite 1.5-3g and Gardenia 9g.

Decoct with water to get juice, and take it in three times.

Prescription 2

In addition, the above prescription, together with licorice and ginger, is better by decocting in water to get juice.

Prescription 3

If dysphagia is accompanied by asthma and cough, besides taking two doses, you can also take Poria 18g, Almond 12g and Mulberry Bark 3g, and decoct them with water to get juice. This prescription is very effective for sore throat, asthma and dysphagia.

Prescription 4

30 grams of Radix Isatidis, 30 grams of Erigeron breviscapus, 6 grams of artificial bezoar, 3 grams of sal ammoniac, 60 grams of Radix Clematidis and 9 grams of prepared Rhizoma Arisaematis were made into dry extract powder.

Usage: Take 1.5g four times a day.

Prescription 5

60g of borax, 45g of montmorillonite, 30g of mirabilite, 9g of ammonium nitrate, 9g of borneol and 9g of agarwood.

Methods: Apply the medicine, grind it into fine powder, pass through 100 mesh sieve and store it in a bottle for later use.

Usage: Take about 65,438+0g and swallow. Don't take it with boiling water, swallow it every 30 minutes. When swelling disappears, phlegm and saliva are exhausted, and drinking water is sufficient, take it once every three hours, and stop taking the medicine after three times. Be careful not to bring more clothes.

Efficacy This prescription is suitable for all kinds of advanced esophageal cancer, when the esophagus is suddenly blocked and dripping water cannot be swallowed.

Prescription 6

Radix Glehniae 18g, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 9g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 12g, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae 6g, almond 9g, pumpkin peel 9g, Amomum villosum 4.5g, peach kernel 9g, safflower 4.5g, lotus leaf pedicle 9g, pestle bran 9g, Radix Curcumae 9g, Jilin Ginseng 6g and Radix Rehmanniae 65438+.

Methods: decoct the juice, add about 500 grams of white honey, refine the honey and collect the paste.

Usage: Take 1 spoon each time, twice a day, with warm boiled water.

Folk secret recipe

Secret recipe one

(Suitable for early esophageal cancer)

50 live spiders, 50 raw peach kernels, sugar, honey and sesame oil each 120g. Stir-fry spiders and peach kernels, take them out and grind them into fine flour, then put them together with honey and sugar and cook them in an oil pan. Lift the oil pan from the fire, stir it with chopsticks and put it in the jar for later use. Three times a day, once as big as a jujube, take it with boiling water.

Secret recipe 2

Live crucian carp 1 piece, remove intestines and scales, chop garlic, stuff into fish belly, seal with paper, burn, grind into fine powder, or make pills, 3g each time, and serve with rice soup. 2 ~ 3 times a day, effective for early esophageal cancer.

Secret recipe 3

Esophageal cancer patients, choking cough, nausea, dysphagia, vomiting while eating, dull pain in the chest. For patients with this symptom, take leeks or leek roots, wash and mash them. Take a spoonful of this juice at a time, add half a cup of milk, cook Buddha, and slowly swallow it by warmth, several times a day. This method can also be used to treat patients with gastric cancer.

Secret recipe four

Take 9 grams of water chestnut, 9 grams of wisteria, 9 grams of terminalia chebula and 9 grams of coix seed and decoct them twice a day.

Secret recipe five

90-120g of fresh apricot leaves, 30g of coix seed, 0/2g of cassia seed, and 0/20g of fresh water chestnut. Decoct with water.

Secret recipe six

30 grams of Pukui seeds and 6 red dates are decocted in water twice a day, and 20 doses are taken continuously as a course of treatment. This prescription is also effective for children with leukocytosis (leukemia).

Secret recipe seven

30g of seaweed and 6g of leech are fine powder, which are taken with yellow wine, 6g each time, twice a day, 1-2 months.

Secret recipe eight

Scorpion, Scolopendra, Semen Strychni (parched), Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae each use 15g, Realgar 30g as fine powder, and refined honey as pills. Each dose is about 1g, three times a day, with yellow wine or warm water.

Secret recipe nine

10 toad, baked and ground, 9g each time, and served with yellow wine three times a day.

Auxiliary medicated diet

Coix seed water chestnut broth

Materials: coix seed 12g, water chestnut 12g, Tianqi 3g, terminalia chebula 9g, lean meat.

The method is to shell Eleocharis tuberosa, mash Chebula and Notoginseng Radix, put the above medicines together with lean meat in a pot, boil them in water until the lean meat is rotten, and eat them once every other day.

Efficacy Coix seed is rich in protein, wheat bran, fatty oil and starch. Combined with terminalia chebula and Tianqi to promote blood circulation, water chestnut itself has anticancer effect. This soup is suitable as an auxiliary diet during the treatment of esophageal cancer. Wu Zhishen cream

Ingredients: longan meat 30g, fresh reed rhizome 60g, sugarcane and Sydney 60g, ginger 15g, ginseng 30g, milk 300ml, and proper amount of honey.

Practice: add 400 ml of water to ginseng, reed rhizome and longan pulp, boil it to 50-80 ml, put it in a crock, then add juice, stew it in water until it is gelatinous, add a little honey extract and swallow it (regardless of time).

Efficacy of clearing stomach and moistening dryness, benefiting qi and nourishing yin.

This medicated diet formula is based on the secret recipe "Cold Art Heron Flower". The original prescription is human milk, milk, reed root juice, ginseng juice, pear juice, longan juice, sugarcane juice, less ginger juice and proper amount of honey. Good management leads to dry blood, nausea and suffocation. Ginseng is slightly bitter, slightly warm, and can replenish qi and strengthen the spleen; Pear juice is slightly sour, cool, and can produce body fluid, dry dampness and resolve phlegm; Reed root is sweet and cold, which can clear away heat and stop vomiting; Longan meat is sweet and warm, which can strengthen the spleen and replenish blood; Sugarcane is sweet in taste and cold in nature, which can promote fluid production and nourish the stomach; Ginger is pungent and warm, which can stop vomiting and eliminate phlegm, and treat choking and nausea; Honey is sweet and can detoxify and tonify the middle energizer. The medicated diet is suitable for adjuvant treatment of advanced esophageal cancer.

Prevention of esophageal cancer:

Although the cause of esophageal cancer is still unclear, as far as the current situation is concerned, prevention should start from the following aspects.

(1) Don't eat hot food, eat too fast and drink too much wine to reduce the irritation to the esophageal mucosa.

(2) Don't eat moldy food and eat less sauerkraut. Because moldy food can produce toxins. Change the habit of eating sauerkraut, which contains a lot of nitrosamines and has a strong carcinogenic effect.

(3) Treating drinking water with bleaching powder can reduce the content of nitrite in water, and taking vitamin C regularly can reduce the formation of nitrosamines in the stomach.

(4) If you are a man over 40 years old who lives in a high incidence area of esophageal cancer, you usually have the habit of eating sauerkraut and drinking alcohol, and you have difficulty swallowing, retrosternal pain or discomfort recently, you should have cytological examination of esophageal exfoliation, X-ray barium meal examination, esophagoscopy and biopsy as soon as possible, so that you can find and treat it early.