Greenhouse loofah pruning technology method_Greenhouse loofah planting method

In the planting of greenhouse loofah when we have to appropriate pruning, that how to scientific pruning? The following take a look at I carefully recommended for you to pruning technology methods, I hope to be able to help you.

The greenhouse melon pruning method

Control side vines, strong main vine. Remove all the side vines, only retain the main vine.

Every 3 to 4 sections to stay 1 male flower, the rest of the male flowers and tendrils all removed in a timely manner, the best male flower buds, tendrils exposed on the removal.

Artificial pollination. The pre-growth period of lucerne due to fewer male flowers or low temperature effects, often very few fruits, small fruits and poor quality. Available at a concentration of 30 mg / kg of 2,4 - 〇 dipping flowers, or 50 times the efficient fruiting spirit coated fruit stalks, can significantly improve the rate of fruiting. To have a certain number of male flowers to change to artificial pollination, the method is: in the early morning of every day 6:30 to 9:00, picked just open male flowers, peeling off the petals, gently pollen coated in the open female flowers, each male flower can be taught 3 to 4 female flowers, can improve the yield of more than 30%.

Remove the old leaves: In mid to late July, remove all the old and diseased leaves of more than 2 months of leaf age that have lost their function, in order to facilitate ventilation and light and the growth of the apex stem. Cutting vine regeneration: after picking 5 to 6 batches of loofah, the plant began to decline, the market price fell, in this period of time to cut the vine new. Generally in late June to early July. Shouguang City experience, the best time for June 25 to July 5th.

The method is: according to the strength of the melon vine, in the melon vine of 100 ~ 18 nodes cut the main vine, cultivate a side vine into the main vine; cut the vine with the old leaves, fertilizer and irrigation, and plowing and weeding. 20 days after the loofah vines back to growth, began to melon, showing a strong growth potential, regeneration of loofah fruits, tender flesh, sweet, popular in the market, the price is strong, the benefits are significant. According to statistics, after the renewal of the relative fruiting period to extend more than 1 month, per mu to improve the yield of 1,500 to 2,000 kilograms, increase the output value of 1,500 to 3,000 yuan.

Greenhouse loofah planting methods

1 seedling

Any vegetable to get high yield, high efficiency, the most critical is the management of the seedling period, cultivate a disease-free, pest-free short thick strong seedlings is the first step.

1.1 Selection of seeds

The loofah should choose hardy, green skin, white flesh, good hardness varieties. Seed saving to remove the sick, weak seeds, dry, stored in a ventilated, cool place spare. The general amount of seed preparation is 600g/667m2.

1.2 Seedling

Nutrient soil preparation In order to cultivate strong seedlings, nutrient soil is the key. It should not only have the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and a variety of trace elements required for the growth of lucerne, but also requires a loose structure, good aeration, water retention, heat preservation of the soil. Specific operations: take the earth between the soil 6 (to sieve), 2 parts of rotting organic matter, pig manure or chicken manure 1.5 parts, 0.5 parts of quicklime, add water, so that its water content of 60%, fully mixed, piled up with a tightly pressed film, smothered for 2 months.

Seed treatment and germination Take out the previous year's retained seeds, the second selection, remove the disease, shriveled grain. The selected seeds should be turned over for 2 to 3 hours after 9 am on a sunny day. Seeds should be treated with hot water before soaking, first submerge the seeds in cold water, and then use 80 ~ 90 ℃ hot water while pouring and stirring, when the water temperature rises to 53 ℃, stop stirring, and gently rubbing with the hand to remove the mucus on the surface of the seeds. Do not use metal or oil containers when soaking seeds, soaking water temperature should be maintained at 28 ~ 30 ℃, soaking time for 8 ~ 12 hours, soaking process to change the water 2 ~ 3 times. The most suitable germination temperature of lucerne is 25 ~ 30 ℃, in general, the soaked seeds with a clean cloth bag packed and tied up, outside the film wrapped, the film with a needle on the holes in order to facilitate the exchange of air, placed in the indoor air-conditioning, maintain the temperature of 23 ~ 28 ℃ germination, germination takes about 5 days, every day to use 25 ℃ of warm water to wash the seeds once a day, 3 days later, every day, will have been sprouted seeds picked up, and another put together, with a clean, wet Covered with a clean, wet towel to retain moisture for sowing.

Seedling greenhouse loofah seeding time in mid-January. Choose 50 holes seedling tray seedling. Seedling soil will be filled with 2/3, soaked in water, in the 8m wide greenhouse to do three 1.2m wide seedbed, with 50% carbendazim 600 times liquid disinfection, each hole sowing 1 seed, covered with seedling soil. It should be noted that the cover soil can not be too much, can distinguish the surface of each hole, so as not to connect the topsoil, to prevent the root system string hole. Spray the topsoil with 50% carbendazim 600 times solution to disinfect the surface soil, cover with mulch and then set up a small and medium bow shed and cover the film. Seedling emergence temperature of 20 ~ 30 ℃, about 7 days flush.

2 Seedling management

Seedling flush in time to remove the mulch, 10:00 a.m. to replenish the water, while 72.2% Prilosec aqueous 400 times the spray, the prevention and control of sudden onset of the disease, standing blight. Seedlings grow to a true leaf, remove the small bow shed, temperature control at 20 ~ 25 ℃, relative humidity at 60%, timely prevention and control of gray mold, botrytis, once every 7 days.

Seedlings now 3 true leaves, must control the temperature and humidity, to prevent the seedling exuberant growth, to remove the middle shed in a timely manner, before planting refining. In general, transplanting 7 days before moving the seedling tray, so that the root system in the hole tray flourished, while pulling the temperature difference between day and night, in order to adapt to the temperature after planting, at this time, but also to strengthen the fertilizer management and the prevention and control of pests and diseases.

3 planting

Greenhouse planting of lucerne planting time at the end of February, early March. Before planting should be well prepared, good fertilizer. 667m2 base fertilizer, organic fertilizer 1000kg, potassium sulfate 50kg, calcium superphosphate 150kg, a variety of micronutrient mixtures 25kg, quicklime 150kg, 50kg of composite fertilizer. base fertilizer sprinkled, deep ploughing and leveling, the ridge is 1m wide, the ditch width of 30cm, 30cm deep, 8m wide greenhouses, 6 rows of rows per greenhouse, each row of 2 rows of planting, the spacing of 30cm, the rows of 2 rows. Plant spacing 30cm, 667m2 planting about 3000 plants. When planting each hole with carbendazim or viral spirit powder mixed with soil bottom disinfection and prevention. Seedlings can not be too deep, after planting, the original root surface and the surface of the ridge on the line, to pour enough root water.

4 field management

4.1 Disease control

Greenhouse planting lucerne, high temperature in the shed, high relative humidity, coupled with poor ventilation performance, a variety of diseases than open-air planting to be more frequent, be sure to do regular prevention.

4.2 Pest control

Compared with open-air planting, greenhouse planting is very harmful to pests, and we can use the favorable conditions of greenhouses to achieve the effect of extermination of pests with 2 methods of biological control and closed management, so that the production of loofahs is harmless to human beings, thus achieving the requirements of pollution-free. Specific methods: 1) 1 piece of yellow board per 100m2 greenhouse, coated with machine oil once every half a month; or 2) 1 dry trap per 150m2, replace the core once a month, hanging evenly in the shed. In addition, the air vent should be covered up with an insect net, usually close the shed door, to achieve the purpose of isolation of pest control, the conditions can be outside the shed every 5 shed hanging yellow board 1 piece or dry trap 1 only. This can have the effect of not using chemical pesticides and treating insects.

4.3 plant finishing

The technical requirements for the production and management of lucerne are very strict, the following is a simple introduction to the operation of my plant finishing. Luffa growth is very exuberant, planting should be done in a timely manner to organize the preparatory work. First of all, to use steel wire in the greenhouse in the high 2m place, according to the 6 ridge pull 12 22 steel wire, under 12 steel wire, according to the 5m a file, pull on the 14 steel wire fixed 12 22 steel wire, in the 12 22 steel wire according to the 30cm a file, a sling. To be long 15 pieces of true leaves of the loofah should be timely finishing, in the uppermost part of the fork head to leave 2 melon buds, remove the top of the growth point and all the rest of the fork head and staminate branches and trunks, finishing with a rope after lifting. 3 days after the emergence of 2 spare fork branch 3 pieces of true leaves, melon buds and sub-fork branch growth point, to leave a good spare fork branch, remove the top of the growth point and the other fork branch. In this way, time and time again to organize a melon, you can keep the melon strip uniform, similar size of the good melon.

4.4 Pointing flowers and retaining melons

To capture the market, we need to produce fine products. Sales to have extremely fresh loofah, we must use scientific methods to formulate the hormone adapted to the growth of the loofah for flower dipping, so that the flowers bloom and do not give up, and can be picked after the melon is still retained on the flower. In addition, when dipping flowers must be dipped in 2 melons per plant, to be shaped to stay 1.

Operating according to the above production methods, the annual 667m2 loofah production can reach about 18000kg, so as to achieve increased production and efficiency. The benefits of planting loofah in greenhouses include:1)The greenhouses have the function of heat preservation, and one planting grows annually, thus reducing the cost.2)Anniversary growth can be supplied to the market all year round, thus increasing the economic benefits.3)Adopting the rectification technology can save the fertilizer, thus reducing the cost.4)Using the biological control and airtight management, the pesticide residue can be greatly reduced to meet the requirements of non-pollution.5)Adopting the dipping technology can keep the loofah fresh and occupy the market, and the production of loofah in the market can be increased.6)Adopting the dipping technology can keep the production of loofah in the market. The use of flower dipping technology can maintain the freshness of the loofah, occupy the market, increase sales and improve the sales price so as to achieve efficiency.

The lucerne centering technology

Centering is an important work in the management of lucerne, and lucerne yield is directly related to the high and low. Usually 13-15 leaves in the main vine of the loofah, plant height of 160 cm or so when the beginning of the melon, centering, and then every 3 leaves to stay 1 melon centering. In general, this is feasible, but for the planting of the weak growth of lucerne is not suitable.

Weak growth of lucerne in accordance with the usual method of centering, easy to harvest 3-4 melons after the emergence of? empty melon? Phenomenon, and the 3-4 melon harvest, the stem and vine become weak, not conducive to the normal sitting of lucerne. So for the growth of weak loofah, rather than in the empty seedling early centering to raise the vine, so that the stem and vine thick and strong, to enhance the ability of continuous loofah melon, to prevent the emergence of? Empty melon? Phenomenon. The author suggests that the main vine in the loofah has 11-12 leaves, nutritive growth when centering, breaking the traditional melon after centering practice, consciously promote the development of the stem and vine. At this time, after centering, the lateral branch sprouting speed is slow, stem and vine due to the full accumulation of nutrients and thick. After the lateral branch sprouting can start to stay melon, every 2 leaves stay 1 melon, will not appear again? Empty melon? The phenomenon of empty melon.

In the production of lucerne, the traditional method of centering is in the main vine has 13-15 leaves to stay melon centering, first stay melon after centering. Using this centering method, generally in the harvest 3-4 loofah after the phenomenon of weak stalks, poor nutritional growth. Some farmers use? Empty tree to raise trailing? The method to ensure the balance of nutrient growth and reproductive growth; some farmers use every 5 leaves to stay a melon method to raise the vine. But these two methods are not desirable, because they can not make the melon in the melon period of continuous melon, resulting in a reduction in melon yield.

A vegetable farmer to change the method of lucerne centering, early centering, first centering after leaving the melon, achieved a high yield. He started hanging when the main vine has 7-8 leaves, when the main vine has 11-12 leaves, nutrient growth is more vigorous when you start centering. At this time, centering, lateral branch sprouting slow, the main vine due to the full accumulation of nutrients and thick, lateral branch sprouting can be left after the melon, at this time every two leaves to stay in a melon, so that the melon has a pre-sprouting, there will be no empty tree stubble phenomenon, the melon yield is naturally high.

The method of harvesting the loofah in time

Harvesting the young melon in time: harvesting the young melon in time can not only maintain the quality of the commercial young melon, but also prevent the melons, increase the number of melons, and improve the yield.

This is because: the loofah is mainly eaten young melon, such as the expiration date is not harvested, the fruit is easy to fibrosis, the seeds become hard, the melon flesh bitter, inedible. Big melon in the process of continued growth and maturity with the same plant on the new sitting on the young melon competition for nutrients, resulting in the lack of nutrients and young melon melon, aggravated by the phenomenon of intermittent knotting, reducing the yield of commercial young melon. Harvesting young melons at the right time can avoid melonization. Therefore, it is necessary to harvest commercial young melon at the right time. Silkmelon from the female flower open pollination, to harvest the young melon, generally need 100 ~ 12 days. Temperature, water shortage is often easy to lose tender or old, it is appropriate to harvest early; the temperature is suitable, adequate water and fertilizer, can be appropriately delayed harvest. Harvesting standards can be based on the size of the fruit, the color of the fruit stalks, velvet and peel and other changes to decide. Fruit pedicel smooth slightly discolored, hairy and reduce the skin of the fruit touch a soft feeling and no smooth feeling, for the harvesting of the right time. For long-distance transportation of commercial melons, it should be appropriate to advance the tender harvest. Luffa continuous fruit strong, fruit growth and development of fruit in full bloom, can be harvested every 1 ~ 2 days. The specific time of harvesting loofah is appropriate in the morning, with scissors Qi fruit stalk cut. Loofah skin tender, fleshy and soft, very easy to bruise, bruise, break, harvesting must be lightly put, boxed in baskets, avoid extrusion, to ensure product quality.

Prevention and control of magnesium deficiency in greenhouse loofahs

Symptoms: yellowing of the leaves between the veins, and gradually spread throughout the leaves, the main stem leaves, the leaves between the veins may become light brown or white, the side vine leaves, the leaves between the veins become yellow, and may quickly become light brown.

Pathogenesis: The soil itself is low in magnesium. Excessive amounts of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers hinder the plant's absorption of magnesium, especially more obvious in greenhouse cultivation. Harvesting a large amount of magnesium without applying a sufficient amount of magnesium fertilizer.

Countermeasures: soil diagnosis if the lack of magnesium, before cultivation to apply enough magnesium-containing fertilizer. Avoid applying an excessive amount of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers that hinder the absorption of magnesium. Available 1% to 2% magnesium sulfate water solution spray foliar.