What is the development of ancient handicraft industry in China?

With the development of handicraft technology in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there appeared a monograph on handicraft technology in the Warring States Period, which mainly described the design specifications and manufacturing techniques of various official handicrafts in Qi State. It not only occupies an important position in the history of engineering technology development in China, but also is unique in the world at that time.

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Jie's "Making Law" was an outstanding work in the history of Chinese architecture, which described the materials, structure and style of architecture in detail and exquisitely. Song Yingxing's Tian Gong Kai Wu in Ming Dynasty summed up the production technology of agriculture and handicrafts in Ming Dynasty, and was praised as "17th century China Arts and Crafts Encyclopedia" abroad. In addition, some foreign technologies, such as wax satin weaving, Korean cotton dyeing and finishing, and western Hony Gun casting, have been acquired, which shows that foreign technologies have been introduced continuously and become indispensable knowledge for people. Characteristics and changes of the development of ancient handicraft industry in China: Handicraft industry is one of the two pillars of ancient social economy in China. The progress of handicraft production directly affects the development of human society.

The development of handicraft industry in ancient China has the following characteristics: the development of agriculture and handicraft industry is closely combined, but the development of handicraft industry is restricted by agricultural production. Government-run handicrafts, private handicrafts and rural household handicrafts are combined, but for a long time, government-run handicrafts have dominated. From the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty, folk handicrafts developed greatly. The expansion of scale and advanced technology have gradually occupied a dominant position, which has promoted the prosperity of commerce and cities.

The rulers have long implemented the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce, and the handicraft industry is backward. Farmers suffered cruel feudal exploitation and were extremely poor, so they could not buy finished products from the market. Landlords and businessmen bought land with the money gained from exploitation, which affected the expansion and reproduction of handicrafts. At the same time, feudal rulers also strictly restricted the scale of handicraft production. With the expansion of private handicraft industry, its management mode is also changing. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, with the development of commodity economy in the south of the Yangtze River, more and more large-scale manual workshops and workshops employed a large number of workers, resulting in the labor-capital relationship of "robot family investment, mechanical workers export" and "daily value", and capitalism sprouted. In the early Qing Dynasty, in Jiangnan and Guangdong, the number of handicrafts in the embryonic state of capitalism increased, the scale of handicraft workshops further expanded, and the germination of capitalism further developed.