Qitaihe city Coal, Heilongjiang Province

Qitaihe is a resource-based city and a coal production base in Heilongjiang Province. 1958 has been nearly 50 years. Due to the long-term focus on the development of a single coal resource-based industry, a series of deep-seated contradictions and problems, such as declining coal resources, unbalanced economic structure, difficult life for employees, increased employment pressure and serious ecological damage, have gradually emerged, and have been continuously exploited for many years, making contributions to the country. If the coal resources of Qitaihe River are to maintain economic development, they will be exhausted in the next few decades. Then, relying on qitaihe city to achieve sustainable development is a historic and important task before Qitaihe River.

In order to get rid of the heavy dependence on the single economic impact, Qitaihe actively changed, with low exploitation, high utilization and low emission, developed the resources and industrial structure of coal circular economy, and took a new road of industrialization with the idea of "high technology content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution and giving full play to the advantages of human resources"? Sustainable development of cities. We believe that Qitaihe should seize the opportunity of the old industrial base and strive to do a good job in four aspects: first, intensify the reform of state-owned enterprises, improve the form of enterprise ownership and adjust the industrial structure; Developing private individual economy and invigorating coal city industry; Third, efforts should be made to convert coal on the spot, do a good job in deep processing and fine processing of coal, and increase added value; Fourth, vigorously develop non-coal economy such as electric power, chemical industry, building materials, machinery, food and medicine, and change the single industrial structure. Qitaihe has gradually built into a comprehensive industrial city with extensive and all-round development.

Single industrial structure and stagnant economic development.

Qitaihe city is a new coal industrial city, which is rich in coking coal and has become the three major coking coal production bases in China. For a long time, compared with other resource-based cities, under the planned economy system, the main function of Qitaihe cheap energy is to export the state, which is "immediate" for the country to accelerate the industrialization accumulation process and implement the "fast-flowing" resource development. Now, after nearly 50 years of ultra-intensive mining, coal resources are decreasing day by day, and now it has entered a period of exhaustion. As we all know, resources are the lifeline of enterprises, and the development, resources and support, supply and resource-based cities will all fall into the predicament of economic recession.

With the decrease of coal resources, the structural contradiction of Qitaihe River is more prominent. First of all, the contradiction of industrial structure is prominent. The formation and development of Qitaihe closely revolves around the development and utilization of coal resources, forming a single industrial structure. The enterprise is large and complete, self-contained, self-contained, wholly state-owned and single in structure, which forms a high dependence on resources for the overall economy of the city. The adjustment of industrial economic structure dominated by coal is slow, difficult and sluggish. The proportion of coal economy is too large, and the proportion of non-coal economy and high-tech industries is small. With the rapid development of "one big and one small" city economy, the economic structure is gradually drifting away.

The proportion of state-owned economy is high. As we all know, most resource-based cities were built in the early years and during the First Five-Year Plan period. At that time, China was a planned economy, and state-owned enterprises were the main microeconomic form. Together with resource development, they are organized by the state. Compared with other cities, the proportion of state-owned economy in resource-based cities is obviously too high, which seriously affects the marketization process. The situation of Qitaihe River. At present, although Qitaihe state-owned enterprises have carried out a series of reforms, the shareholding structure of some state-owned coal enterprises has not fundamentally changed, and the reform of property rights system has not been substantially touched, and they are still relatively high state-owned shares; The proportion of enterprise management, operation mechanism and planned economy is still deeply branded. We suggest that Qitaihe, in accordance with the requirements of market economy, carry out a thorough reform of state-owned enterprises through mechanism transformation, system innovation, asset reorganization, resource integration and joint venture cooperation, promote institutional innovation and mechanism innovation of state-owned enterprises, realize diversification of property rights investment subjects and forms of public ownership, and establish and improve the corporate governance structure.

The transformation of resource-based business model and development mode still puzzles the economic development of Qitaihe River. At the same time, the transformation lacks funds, and their social, production, safety, life and other infrastructure construction are in arrears, and the burden of poor foundation is heavy and slow. Qitaihe must implement the key problems faced by economic transformation. In addition, the development of cities dominated by coal industry has shrunk obviously, and the economic structure is single. Qitaihe is also facing more laid-off workers, and the livelihood of workers and enterprises brings a heavy burden.

Resources are non-renewable, and the economic development and poverty reduction of resource-based cities will inevitably decline, and the road to transformation will take place sooner or later. Early transition, early active transition to late, automatic return. When terminally ill patients go to see a doctor, the pain should be close to never being released. This has become common sense. For Qitaihe, whether relying on coal resources or taking decades of "good life" as the top priority, transformation is imminent. With relatively abundant financial resources and favorable external environment, it is the wisest choice to take the road of sustainable development of resource-based cities in times of peace. In view of the actual situation in qitaihe city, we suggest that the local government should formulate diversified industrial transformation strategies, control the leading resources of raw coal industry, gradually get rid of excessive dependence on coal resources, vigorously develop continuous industries and alternative industries, cultivate some energy sources to promote the party's new economic pillar industries, and gradually realize the transformation from ground-based resource industries to non-resource industries, and from primary processing to predatory and protective mining with deep finishing.

* * * There are two ways of similar practice, namely, resource-based cities develop continuous industries and alternative industries. Our research shows that alternative industries and their development have their own advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of developing alternative industries are that they can give full play to the advantages of resources, which is conducive to the specialization and economies of scale of production, to the recycling of resources, to increasing the added value of industries and to the role of the economy. Therefore, industrial transformation is very difficult. Its main disadvantages are dependence on resources and ecological destruction to a certain extent. The main advantages of developing alternative industries are getting rid of dependence on resources, cultivating new economic growth points, transforming a single resource-based city into a comprehensive city and realizing sustainable development. Its main shortcomings are market, capital, technology, human resources, infrastructure, policies and regional and cultural factors.

It must be pointed out that the transformation of these two resource-based cities, the development of continuous industries and the development of alternative industries complement each other. At present, the consensus on the choice of transition path is the combination of the two. Under normal circumstances, resource-based cities should first vigorously develop alternative industries, extend industrial chains, make full use of existing resource advantages, enlarge and strengthen resource industries, do intensive processing, expand trade, and improve product added value and resource transformation capacity. This can not only provide relatively sufficient time and funds for the adjustment and diversification of alternative industries, but also reduce the employment pressure and enhance the potential for further development of alternative industries.

Extending industrial chain resources, new solutions

Although we all know that Qitaihe River will eventually run out of coal resources, it is not easy or realistic to completely get rid of resources and go out in a short time. Without strong financial support, relying on coal resources to develop alternative industries is the most realistic choice for qitaihe city. We believe that Qitaihe should consider the advantages of local resources, deep processing and the development of related industries, extend coal in the industrial chain, convert coking coal into electric energy, convert wool into oil, refine, enlarge and improve the industrial chain of coal, electricity, coke, petrochemical and coal chemical industry, improve the added value of coal products, improve economic benefits and adjust the industrial structure of the coal industry.

Facing the single industrial structure and resources, and gradually reducing the actual situation of lack of promoting economic development, qitaihe city changed the mode of economic growth, accelerated industrial upgrading and technological revolution, and entered the development cycle of linear growth with the traditional consumption of coal resources, and the economy relied on resources for ecological economic development. It is often said that thinking determines the way out. At the same time, Qitaihe actively develops the leading role of coal industry, strives to extend the industrial chain, insists on raw coal washing and clean coal washing, actively develops coal chemical industry, coal power and coal coke, and promotes the integration of coal power and tar. With the flying of coal, oil and fly ash bricks, the production of methanol from coal and a large number of coal conversion projects, the annual industrial output value of the city has increased by five times compared with the original. In the first four months of this year, the full-caliber fiscal revenue increased by 136.2% year-on-year, and Qihe economy has embarked on the road of recovery.

According to the investigation, Qitaihe has obvious comparative advantages and is developing alternative industries, mainly raw coal. First of all, starting early and investing heavily provide a material basis for extending the coal industry chain. According to our data, since 1979, 14 coal washing plant has been built in qitaihe city, and the coal washing capacity accounts for 73% of the raw coal output, which is much higher than the national average of 26%. From 200/kloc-0 to 2004, the investment in coking projects in the city reached 2 billion yuan, including 800,000 tons of Yidaxin, 600,000 tons of Baotailong, 600,000 tons of Longpeng and 960,000 tons of Longyang Road. The backbone of a large number of coal chemical enterprises is rising. By the end of 2004, the city's coke production capacity had reached 360 million tons. With the development of coke industry, coal, electricity, coal chemical industry, coal, building materials and other industries have also developed. Industry analysts believe that the thinnest coal seam in Qitaihe Coal Industry has always maintained the best economic benefits of the four major coal cities in Heilongjiang Province under unfavorable conditions, and the most fundamental reason is the conversion and utilization of coal processing. With the rapid development of the two African economies, a large number of private enterprises have completed their primitive accumulation and started to enter the expansion stage, with high development enthusiasm and strong investment ability. Third, the unique advantage of the main coking coal in the northeast of Qitaihe River is one of the rare protective mining coalfields in these three countries, which is most suitable for developing coal chemical industry. Fourth, in recent years, the comprehensive economic strength has improved rapidly, and qitaihe city Finance has given certain funds to guide the development of alternative industries every year.

Relying on these four comparative advantages, qitaihe city's main development goal during the 11th Five-Year Plan period is to transform from a single coal base to high-quality coking coal, high-quality coke in four bases, electric power and coal chemical industry. By 20 10, the annual output of 250,000 tons of raw coal will be completely washed, the output of washed raw coal will reach 5 million tons of coke, the power generation will increase to 2.28 million kilowatts, the deep-processed gas of coal tar will exceed 300,000 tons of methanol, and the added value of coal recycling economy will reach 65.438+000 billion yuan. According to the development plan and objectives of construction projects, qitaihe city will vigorously develop alternative industries this year, focusing on the following aspects. First, the construction of some power projects. The second phase expansion project of Datang Qitaihe Power Generation Company, with 600MW units newly built and two cogeneration projects of coal gangue power plants expanded; Coal washing and coal water slurry fuel are two emerging fields, Boli heating and cogeneration project, and two green gas-fired power stations with an installed capacity of 200,000 kilowatts. Second, a number of coal chemical projects have been completed. Including two new projects with an annual output of 320,000 tons of methanol from coal gas, 654.38+10,000 tons of coal tar deep processing project, coal tar deep processing project transformation and new projects with a total scale of 200,000 tons. Third, a number of coal building materials projects have been built. Including two projects of burning-free coal gangue hollow brick, fly ash block and fly ash cement, the total scale will reach 30 billion standard bricks. Fourth, a number of coking projects have been built. Continue to build two coking projects, and increase the coke production capacity by 6.5438+500,000 tons. In order to achieve these goals, Qitaihe has intensified its efforts to improve the investment environment, aiming at creating "the best policy, the best service, the best environment and the best surrounding basins in Heilongjiang Province", attracting a large number of private capital investments and setting up factories. The entry of private capital, large-scale projects of new alternative industries, and the extension of coal industry chain.

We know from the investigation that the coal recovery rate is 50-60%. Even after exhaustion, a considerable amount of coal remains underground in the coal mine. The current technical level aims at using this part of resources in a new way, saving investment and improving performance. A technology jointly researched by Shandong Xinwen Mining Group and scientific and technical personnel of China Coal Mine transports combustible gas produced by underground coal combustion to industrial and mining enterprises through pipelines. Compared with traditional coal mining technology, this new technology saves investment. 78% to 62%, saving cost, improving performance by 3 times, and increasing value per ton of coal by more than 10 times. The ash produced by underground coal gasification stays underground, which avoids the pollution, waste water and waste residue caused by traditional coal mining and ground gasification, and also greatly reduces the coal goaf caused by ground subsidence. We suggest that Qitaihe use its brains in this regard.

It should be pointed out that qitaihe city should change its thinking and establish five new understandings in vigorously developing alternative industries: First, it should further emancipate its mind, update its concepts, establish a strong sense of reform and opening up, and tap its own development advantages; Second, we should eradicate the old-fashioned thought of planned economy and advocate a strong sense of market economy; Third, overcome the ideas of "dependence" and "achievement" and establish a strong sense of self-development; Fourth, overall planning, overall promotion, implementation, overcoming short-sightedness, and establishing a sense of long-term development; Fifth, cultivate quality awareness and benefit awareness, establish a modern enterprise system, and comprehensively improve economic benefits. At the same time, government departments should formulate practical policies and actively guide coal enterprises to optimize the internal structure of products and industries. For coal mining enterprises with poor strength and small scale, measures should be taken to curb predatory mining. These powerful and diversified enterprises should be encouraged and supported to extend the product development chain and start to improve their high-end product development capabilities.

Implement multi-wheel drive adjustment for various industries.

The proportion of coal is Qitaihe's position. 80% of the city's industrial added value, 70% of its fiscal revenue and 60% of its non-agricultural employment opportunities are in the coal industry, which has largely placed all bets of the local financial situation on the city's economic development on a single coal industry. The fluctuation of the market to the coal industry will inevitably lead to the "cold weather" of the city's economy. Qitaihe fully understands this. Judging from the present situation, the development of non-coal industry in Qitaihe is lagging behind, which seriously affects the economic development and social progress of the city. We must accelerate the strategic adjustment and transformation of economic structure, upgrade traditional industries, develop high-tech industries, realize the transformation from a single coal industrial structure to a diversified industrial structure, cultivate and vigorously develop alternative industries, coordinate the comparative advantages of the healthy development of coal industry and the key development of economic transformation, and adjust the number of economic non-coal projects and the ratio of coal to non-coal from the perspective of industrial development and market prospects.

Give full play to the advantages of coal resources and accelerate the transformation of coal industry. Considering the development of non-coal industry, what is the idea put forward by Qitaihe? To implement the 999 development strategy is to build three bases and expand nine industrial clusters. The "three bases" are nine industrial clusters: high-quality coking coal base, high-quality coke base, northern medicine planting base, electric power industry cluster, wood product industry cluster, new building materials industry cluster, coal chemical industry cluster, machinery manufacturing industry cluster, food processing industry cluster, steel and foundry industry cluster, tourism industry cluster and education and culture industry cluster. Qitaihe began to change the state of coal, gradually developed into a sinking industry, vigorously developed alternative industries, comprehensively developed petrochemical, machinery, building materials, medicine, agricultural products and wood products processing industries, upgraded cities and industries, and promoted the all-round development of industries. Put eggs in one basket, open up ideas, enjoy it and reduce market risks.

An industrial cluster dominated by wood products and Shuang Ye furniture has been formed. Last year, Shuang Ye Company achieved sales revenue of 65.438+0.2 billion yuan, and paid taxes exceeding 10 million yuan. There are more than 30 upstream furniture processing enterprises in Shuang Ye, with more than 65.438+0.0000 employees. Most of these enterprises import raw materials from Russia, and then Shuang Ye's products are sold abroad, thus achieving the goal of "two heads are outside". In addition, power industry cluster, new building materials industry cluster and coal chemical industry. Food processing industrial clusters, steel and foundry industrial clusters have gradually developed and expanded, and great progress has been made in adjusting the proportion of coal and non-coal industries. The ratio of 74:26 to Qitaihe coal and non-coal industries was adjusted to 200 1 according to the ratio of 52:48 in 1992. It is planned that by 20 10, the ratio of coal and non-coal industries will be adjusted to 30:70. In the next few decades, a resource substitution industry will be formed. Qitaihe coal mining industry will account for 20% of the total industrial output, and coal-fired power and coal-based chemical industry will account for 30% of the total industrial output. Food processing, wood processing, building materials processing, mechanical processing and pharmaceutical processing will become the leading industries, accounting for more than 50% of the total industrial output value. The eastern part of qitaihe city will truly become a distribution center for light industrial products and a comprehensive industrial city.

The research shows that resource-based cities have weak economy, no strong supervision, and their industrial layout ability attracts industries to settle down. Therefore, in the process of transformation, it is particularly necessary to create a good investment environment to develop most people in the industry. Based on this understanding, we suggest that Qitaihe lower the industry entry threshold. In addition to the serious negative impact of urban development industries, the choice of alternative industries for the free development of other industries should be market-oriented, and the development direction of similar alternative industries should be proposed by the government. The focus of the policy is to create good investment and heavy employment and reemployment pressure, which has always been the biggest problem that plagues resource-based cities. Facts have proved that the market alone cannot solve the problem of declining industries, nor can it resettle surplus workers. In other countries, the government must "do something" in this regard. We suggest that qitaihe city should give top priority to promoting urban transformation and creating new jobs for laid-off workers, and consider developing labor-intensive industries as much as possible. Their idea is to broaden employment channels, give full play to the great potential of private enterprises, attract workers to find jobs, and actively explore employment space. In order to improve the vocational skills of laid-off workers, we have solved the employment problem, adjusted the structure, and established the laid-off workers training assistance fund and the laid-off workers re-employment service center to provide laid-off workers with vocational skills training and employment information.

It must be pointed out that the transformation of resource-based cities is a complex process type, not an easy thing. It is impossible to solve the succession problem caused by the long-term planned economic system and structural contradictions and the exhaustion of pillar industries in a short time. In the transformation practice of resource-based cities in developed countries such as Japan and Germany, even with huge financial support, it takes decades of efforts to successfully transform. In the case of Qitaihe River, without strong financial support, we should fully consider the long-term and arduous nature of the transformation and establish long-term war preparations.

Increase policy support to help the forest of coal cities.

The economic transformation of resource-based cities is a systematic project. It is necessary and basic to solve a series of major economic, social and environmental contradictions accumulated in the process of development and give play to the role of the invisible hand of the market in resource allocation, and it is also inseparable from the support of the government-led policy system. In other words, the transitional government pays the bill. The central and provincial governments should establish an appropriate supply mechanism and formulate appropriate financial subsidy policies, such as setting up special funds for fund transfer and technical transformation of aging and scrapped mines, so as to increase the proportion of financial transfer payments for single urban resources, do a good job in urban environmental governance and mine protection, and make great efforts to improve employment and social security. The government and relevant departments should coordinate and promote enterprises and local governments to formulate industrial planning, human resources planning and development planning at different stages in resource-exhausted areas as soon as possible.

We suggest speeding up the research and formulation of specific policies and measures such as Qitaihe coal resource-based city to restore the functions of "hematopoiesis" and "blood transfusion". In view of the commissioning of the project, tax and credit policies are given priority. At the same time, the state should give some financial support to solve the funding gap of social security. Take the "national competition to support the benefits of the whole province, from the enterprise itself is one" to establish the coal city industrial development fund to support the transformation of coal cities and the sustainable development of the economy. Raise funds through various channels to support coal cities, such as issuing bonds and supporting enterprises to go public for financing. We are glad to see that the country and Heilongjiang Province are implementing active policies to promote the transformation of resource-based cities. "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing the Revitalization Strategy of Old Industrial Bases in Northeast China" has clearly put forward that it is necessary to study and establish the compensation mechanism for resource development and the assistance mechanism for declining industries to promote the economic transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities. "But overall, the implementation of the policy is far behind and the pertinence is not very strong." Fish and water situation is a preferential policy to promote economic development, support development funds and attract talents. In addition, in some aspects of project application, it is still a long-term inefficient problem. In addition, the transformation of China's resource-based cities is still in the "pilot" stage, and most resource-based cities have not received much feedback.

Another mechanism and institution of resource-based cities also has the same problem, that is, their social enterprises are heavily burdened. The key to solving social problems is to solve the problem of local governments collecting funds. We suggest that the proportion of tax sharing between the central and local governments should be adjusted within a certain period of time, and the retention rate of local taxes and local sources of funds should be improved to solve their social problems.

According to the Regulations on the Collection and Management of Mineral Resources Compensation Fees issued by the State Council, the state began to collect mineral resources compensation fees from 1994. From 1998, the resource tax is paid to the province and the local tax is kept. We believe that the state should fully consider the economic difficulties of coal cities, a certain proportion of mineral resources compensation fees and the practical difficulties faced by provincial resource taxes in the economic development of coal cities, which will bring great vitality to the economic transformation of coal cities including Qitaihe. To this end, we suggest that state-owned industrial and mining enterprises turn over the mineral resource tax to local governments, and at the same time increase the local retained part of value-added tax, which will be given special subsidies by the central government. Relying on the three major sources of funds and the special funds for urban economic transformation of Qihe Coal Mine, we are committed to developing alternative industries.

With the development of urban resources, the basic conditions of Qitaihe urban infrastructure have been improved, rather than the long-term economic and social development. We believe that the government of qitaihe city has formulated a series of concrete measures to optimize the software and hardware environment. Economic development should focus on solving the problems of project approval, financing, attracting talents, optimizing investment environment, activating the enthusiasm of private capital, participating in the reform of state-owned enterprises, clarifying investment and financing channels, and introducing diversified capital. Government departments should boldly let private capital and foreign capital participate in the economic transformation of Qitaihe River in accordance with the enterprise as the main body and the market as the guidance. The government should strengthen services, actively guide enterprises to participate in market competition, focus on improving the investment environment, and actively create institutional and market conditions to transform regional comparative advantages into economic advantages. It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of capital market, commercial market and other factor markets, improve the economic radiation of cities, and enhance the attractiveness of regions and scarce production factors.

We should attach importance to the economic transformation of Qitaihe River, which should be an overall and long-term development strategy. First of all, considering that state-owned enterprises are the backbone of Qitaihe River, in the process of transformation, we must first force state-owned enterprises to revitalize the transformation of state-owned stock capital through reform, restructuring and reorganization, and reproduce their vitality and vitality; Secondly, coal cities rely on their own advantages to develop alternative industries, which is conducive to some high-tech projects, extend the industrial chain, concentrate on the whole country, take the market as the guide, strengthen macro-control, rationally arrange projects, avoid similar projects in Hegang, Jixi and other cities, and avoid repeated construction; Third, the coordinated development of various undertakings should be a comprehensive plan, not a single one, but a coordinated development of economy and society.

National policies support the transformation of old industrial bases and resource-based cities. Qitaihe is a century-old development opportunity. Grasping this opportunity is conducive to optimizing the industrial structure, enhancing economic competitiveness, solving the problems of high proportion of coal industry, short industrial chain, excessive burden of solving problems, excessive pressure on employment and social stability, and solving the problems of backward technology and aging equipment in coal cities. Seize the opportunity, make full use of it, and make good use of the national and provincial policies on the spot. We believe that Qitaihe River will glow with youth and vitality.