What is the difference between the present country and the ancient country?

Hu Wen said that the use of the word "country" should refer to three parts at the same time. If it mainly refers to a part, it cannot be called a "country". However, when the Chinese word "country" is used, it always refers to a part, which is contrary to Hu Wen's statement. Please look at the explanation in the Chinese dictionary. The definition of the word "country" in Ci Hai is: 1. Ancient governors called the country and doctors called the family; 2. refers to the emperor; 3. It is the organ of class rule. The explanation of Ci Hai tells us: firstly, "state" was a pure political concept in ancient times; Second, the political concept of "country" changes with the times. The definition of "Guo" in Modern Chinese Dictionary is: 1. The tool of class rule; It refers to the whole area of a country. The interpretation of modern Chinese tells us that in modern Chinese, the word "country" has two concepts, one is political and the other is regional. As a political concept, "state" refers to "one third" of the political power, while as a regional concept, "state" refers to "one third" of the region. For example. "China is a country with little per capita resources"-the "country" in this sentence refers to the region and has nothing to do with the political power. No matter what the nature of the regime is, China will always be such a country. The "country" in the expression of "party and state leaders" is relative to "party". It refers to politics, government, one-third of the regime, and has nothing to do with territory and people. The "country" here is a political concept. The "country" mentioned in the previous example is a political concept. According to Marxism–Leninism's national theory, as a political concept, "state" mainly consists of two parts: the armed forces and the government. When people use the word "country" as a political concept, sometimes it refers to the sum of two parts, and sometimes it refers to one of them, such as the government or the army.

The above situation shows that in our real life, the two uses of the word "country" refer to one of the "three parts", either the political power or the region. They were developed on the basis of ancient usage and determined after a long period of investigation. Dictionaries record the social recognition of them, because they meet the needs of society. Hu Wen believes that the use of the word "country" should refer to "three parts" at the same time, otherwise it is a misnomer. This view shows that the author does not understand the actual usage of the word "Guo" in ancient Chinese and modern Chinese.

The Russian word "гос" is exactly the same as China's "country". The Russian-Chinese Dictionary explains the word "гос". As follows: 1. State (state machine); 2. Country (region). As for political power, there is a special word in Russian, that is власть. It can be seen that the Russian word "гос." Conceptually, it is completely consistent with the Chinese word "Guo", and it is appropriate to translate it into Chinese.

Strictly speaking, there is no real concept of "nation, country" in the ancient history of China. Because the traditional meaning of "country" in China is quite different from the modern meaning. The "state" in the modern sense is often determined by the people's will, and the people's manipulation of the state is realized through the national elite. In this way, any political movement of the national elite must conform to the will of the masses. Ordinary people become the social foundation of the nation-state, and they provide sufficient social resources for the national elite. In China's ancient ideology and culture, "country" is the general name of the world, nations and families. Regardless of the monarch and the country, "home and the world" is regarded as a normal national system. Therefore, most of China's ancient theories about the state are about the way of governing the country, the theocracy of the monarch is beyond doubt, and the legitimacy of the country also comes from the unknowable providence. Due to the lack of complete concepts of "nation" and "state", there could be no real nationalism in ancient China.

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