Tujia customs?

Men and women fall in love and get married after many songs. Tujia women have the custom of "crying marriage" before marriage. In order to prepare for crying marriage, girls should learn to cry marriage if they are more sensible. Watch and learn to cry, and cry at an early age. When crying for a wedding, I said a word in my mouth, "Send a wedding banquet." When crying for marriage, the daughters of relatives and friends in the same village will come to cry with them. The person who cries with you, the sadder, the better, the more touching, the better. Before marriage, girls will be discriminated against and laughed at if they don't cry. The man must send Baba to the woman's house. There are many people and a wide range of people attending the crying wedding, and there are special crying wedding songs. The time for crying before marriage is as short as five or six days and as long as one or two months. Cry with family, relatives and friends. The contents of crying include "crying for parents", "crying for brothers and sisters", "crying for matchmaker", "crying for the whole house" and "crying for cousins" and so on. After liberation, crying marriage gradually faded, and only some Tujia people living in the deep mountains still have a legacy.

Funeral is basically a burial. In ancient times, Ba people also had the customs of cremation, hanging coffin burial and boat coffin burial. Now it has basically disappeared. Before the toast system, Tujia people practiced cremation. Burial began in the period of Tusi system, and the funeral was presided over by Tusi. When the toast offered sacrifices to the dead, he turned the spinning wheel three times on the skylight, recited the scriptures and sent the dead across the overpass to heaven. Then he pretended to be a dead man and went out in circles around the "Ha Ha Tai". The children of the deceased mourned with the toast, who sang funeral songs and boasted. Suddenly, the gunfire went up into the sky, crying and moaning, which lasted for several days and nights. Then the coffin with the body was carried up the mountain for burial. During the return of the Republic of China to the motherland, the funeral of Tujia people was presided over by Taoist priests. Three days, five days and seven days after his death, according to the master's family background, Taoist priests formulated different levels of Dojo, including the names of Little Ten Kings, Big Ten Kings, One Night Sutang, One Vertical Mast, Two Vertical Masts and Seven Vertical Masts. In general, the Dojo carries out specific operation procedures such as getting off the willow bed, clearing the way, recommending the dead, offering sacrifices, cooking, scattering flowers, speaking lights, burning coffins, speaking spirits and sweeping the hall. Relatives of the deceased wore Pima Dai Xiao, followed the Taoist priest to hold a funeral, and invited people to sing filial piety to mourn the deceased. After the founding of New China, Tu Laosi and Taoists stopped their activities, stayed away from the Dojo and sang funeral songs at the memorial service.

Tujia people have more festivals and folk customs. From the content of festivals, there are five categories: sacrificial festivals, commemorative festivals, celebration festivals, social entertainment festivals and productive festivals. His religious beliefs include worship of nature and belief in land, rocks, mountains, rivers and water. Animal and plant worship: cattle, sheep, dogs, etc. Totem worship, such as the totem of eagle and white tiger, especially with white tiger as the ancestor god, there are white tiger temples and white tiger gods everywhere, which are often sacrificed. And the worship of ancestors and ghosts and gods.

The Tujia people regard April 7 or 17, April 8 or 18 as the festival of the king of the ox hair. On this day, pigs will be killed, a large piece of meat will be made to worship ancestors, and a banquet will be held to entertain relatives and friends and married girls. It is popular in the local area to tell the story of "the king of cattle hair". It is said that ancient farmers plowed the fields and burned the land, earning little, and starved to death everywhere. Niu Wang told the jade emperor truthfully that he was diligent and ordered Niu Wang to come down to the world to preach that only one meal was allowed for three days. When he went to Chen Fan, he knew it was difficult to survive for three days, so he changed one day. The ox king belongs to me, and the emperor is furious. He was immediately demoted, and the cows plowed the fields and ate grass all day. Niu Wang Weimin played an important role, and Tujia people called him the king of cattle hair. It is said that the time when King Niu came down to earth was April 7th or17th, and some people celebrated April 8th or18th as the birthday of King Niu Mao. On this day, cows don't plow. Feed with the best feed.

Catch the New Year Festival is a traditional festival of Tujia people, with "Catch the New Year" as the most solemn. Tujia people celebrate the New Year one day earlier than Han people, with the twelfth and twenty-ninth lunar months. There are several legends about why we should move forward: to resist Japan. During Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, their ancestors followed Hu Zongxian to conquer Japan. 1February 29th, killed soldiers, took advantage of the enemy unprepared on New Year's Eve, and won a great victory. Later generations followed suit and became a family style. It is in line with historical facts to record the meritorious service in resisting Japan in Ming History. And how to advance the war. Make new year's cakes, kill pigs to worship ancestors and make wine. On New Year's Eve, it is also necessary to "keep the Year" and "grab the Year", that is, after the reunion dinner, walk around the house with a fire extinguisher in hand, which is called "going out", and some even go up the mountain with shotguns, which is called "model camp" to commemorate their ancestors. Although "catching up with the Chinese New Year" one day in advance, New Year's Eve is still celebrated. Some places "worship the family god on the first day, the husband on the second day, and the neighborhood on the third day." There are also various recreational activities, such as "playing dragon lanterns", "swinging", "walking on stilts" and "singing difficult plays".