Classical architecture in China

1. The meaning of place and country in classical Chinese: original meaning: 1) pictophonetic characters.

Words sound or sound from the mouth. "Ai" refers to "four realms" and "scope".

"Or" means "border patrol". "Ai" combined with "or" means "the range of activities of the border guards".

Original meaning: territory. Field.

Seal the soil. Closed field

Feudal country. The fiefs of ancient kings and princes; The kingly territory or fief of a vassal state is called a country (or state).

Ancient countries (county countries after Han Dynasty) were equivalent to provinces and municipalities directly under the central government in organizational system; In ancient times, the world was equivalent to a country. In addition to the financial significance, ancient countries also had the exclusive right of bloodline. The eldest son of a prince is called a prince.

Country, state also. -Xu Shen's Shuowen in the Eastern Han Dynasty assisted Wang Zhibang.

-"Zhou Li too slaughter". Note: "Big country, small country."

Fang said that the country is the capital, and he cursed the credit of Syria as a gift to the country. -"Li Zhoufu".

Note: "The country is called the king's kingdom; State; Call it a vassal state. " Zuo Zhuan Yin Gongyuan: There are more than a hundred pheasants in the capital, and the country is also harmful.

Qiu also heard that there is a state-owned country. -"The Analects of Confucius" and "Ten Years of Zuo Zhuan and Zhuang Gong": The husband is a big country, unpredictable and fearful.

"Qin Xinshu": Qin people switch to delay the enemy, and the teachers of the nine countries dare not enter. 2) Another example is Qi State; Jin state; Zheng Guo.

The country of Hanwang is wonderful. -Historical Records Liu Hou's Family is a country of Xue.

-"Warring States Policy Qi Ce" 3) Another example: state rent (land tax for fiefs). Derived meaning: 1) The capital, the seat of the highest organ of state power.

Also known as the national city, the national city. [Capital] Nine Classics and Nine Wefts in Junior High School.

-"Kao Gong Ji craftsmen". Note: "Also in the city."

Third, the state prohibits it. -"Judge Zhou Li".

Note: "Even in the city." In this country, he is called the Minister of Marketing.

-Mencius. Note: "Call it the capital."

Cao Tucheng. -Poem Braving the Wind and Drumming was written by my late king, but most of them are just one of the participating countries, one of the fifth forms, and Xiao Jiu is the only one.

-Zuo Qiuming's Zuo Zhuan Yin in the Spring and Autumn Period In A.D., Wu Fu was forced to stay where she was, and the woman was temporarily exempted from various countries. -In the thirty-third year of Zuo Qiuming's Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, I wish you to go to the ancestral temple of the first king, and ten thousand people oppose the reunification of the country! -"The Warring States Policy and Qi Ce" is also in this building. Some people who go to the countryside to miss their hometown are worried and afraid, and they are desolate everywhere, and their mood is extremely sad.

-Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower" in the Northern Song Dynasty is another example: in the middle school (in the city; Domestic); China people (capital people); National migration (national migration); National drink (northern suburb of the capital); National suburbs (place names around the capital); National prohibition of alcohol (prohibition of alcohol in ancient capital); National cities (cities); State punishment (punishment imposed in the city) 2) Emperor.

Such as: national filial piety (filial piety for the emperor, empresses or emperor's parents); Zhang Guo (father-in-law of the emperor); Guotai (commonly known as the mother of emperors); Guoyin (the emperor's in-laws). 3) tribes.

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: [Korea] Seventy-eight countries. Ji Bo is one of them.

More than 10 thousand households, thousands of small households, each in the mountains and seas. 4) location.

Jingzhou is bordered by Hanmian in the north, LinNanhai in the east, Wuhui in the east and Bashu in the west. It is a country of martial arts. -Chen Jinshou's biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang will die, and the society will be happy.

-"Poetry Feng Wei said" 5 hometown. Book of Jin: [Kan] If you want to abdicate and return to China, the assistant minister stays here.

Modern significance: 1) country. Talk about going to the countryside.

-"Poetry Feng Wei Full Garden Peach Blossom" There is no residue in the countryside. -"Poetry, Elegance and Civil Service" The lonely village does not mourn itself, but still thinks about defending the country.

-Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty "November 4th Storm" People who think about national security will accumulate their own moral meaning. -Tang Wei's "Ten Thoughts of Emperor Taizong" 2) Another example is Yuan Sima (Yuan Keli)' s theory of abolishing Kuang, and Li Sinong's flood.

-"Sui Zhou Zhi Literature and Art" The people of China all fought for their motherland with the spirit of sacrifice of martyrs. —— Sun Wen's "Preface to the Seventy-two Martyrs of Huanghuagang" 3) Another example: National Discipline (originally referred to as the national etiquette law); Treasury (coins in the treasury); National salary (national salary); National curriculum (national tax; National tax); State machine (talent who can preside over state affairs).

2. Classical Chinese is used in those places. I'm not sure whether classical Chinese can cultivate body and mind and cultivate sound citizens. The reason is that the teaching and education policies of school teachers unconsciously obliterate the purpose of reading classical Chinese and become the concept that you can cope with the exam as long as you memorize it. If we can keep education away from this concept, why choose classical Chinese? [/quote]

To be able to translate My Humble Room Inscription smoothly and elegantly, the translator's vernacular expression ability must be brilliant and excellent, and the quality of classical Chinese may not be first-class. From the benefit of Chinese education, what is wrong with making classical Chinese a compulsory course?

The school's classical Chinese textbooks are not untranslated, plus the explanation of the Chinese teacher. If it is still difficult to accept infiltration, it is the students' own problem, which has nothing to do with classical Chinese. The reasons for this learning difference are as follows: first, the understanding ability of one's own talent is high or low, just as some students never know how to solve factorization. First, students don't want to spend time and energy to learn the content of classical Chinese. The former is understandable, and they don't need to be hard on him. The latter should reflect on whether their learning style is correct. The difference between classical Chinese and science and mathematics is that classical Chinese can roughly understand its content and theme, and the translated article only has the skill of modifying the fluency of literal sentences, while science and mathematics are rigid and inflexible. If you don't understand, you can't take advantage. Can Newton's three formulas be roughly understood and calculated? I don't understand. Since classical Chinese is difficult to learn, why didn't anyone ask for prime factor calculation to be included in the elective course? This thing is necessary common sense in daily life?

Traditional culture only needs to be preserved without learning? If only the dance steps of the eight masters are preserved and displayed in the cupboard like jade cabbage, can this preservation method prevent the culture of the eight masters from disappearing? Many ancient cultural ideas conflict with modern values. For example, the concept of loyalty to the monarch, telling ministers to die, dare not die, is really hard to see in the democratic era, and it is natural to refuse to learn. The root of Hu Shi's advocacy of vernacular literature is that the level of intellectuals in the early years of the Republic of China was not comprehensive enough. In order to promote the popularization of education quickly, he advocated that the vernacular Chinese and classical Chinese which are easy to learn are not in contradiction with modern values. With the intelligence level of Taiwan Province people today, there will be no learning problems. Why should we tolerate classical Chinese? Human nature has a dark side, and learning classical Chinese is more complicated than vernacular Chinese. Who can honestly study and understand Han Feizi if people with insufficient literacy in classical Chinese are allowed to read him? Classical Chinese is reduced to an elective course and dies faster!

3. When does "suo" mean "local" and "1" in classical Chinese? It is also said now, such as the translation of residence into residence or residence.

2. The structure of the word "suo": suo+verb = noun. As you can see: what you see. Smell: What you hear. Love: the person or thing you love. Thinking: the person or thing you think about. Therefore, the structure of the word suo is suo+verb = noun, which can be equal to the person of. .....； ..... can be changed into nouns with any meaning, but attention should be paid to the meaning of the sentence. For example (to quote from upstairs): the existence of Tao-the place where Tao exists. "Cun" means the verb "existence", and adding "suo" before it becomes the noun "place of existence".

Teacher Wang will answer for you.

4. Classical Chinese "Chu" and "Dong"

1. (I know. From the mouth, from the text, or from the place, the cockroach's voice (hū). "Chu" is the ancient word of "Chu", which means the knowledge of six books. The "h" beside the golden sound became a pictophonetic character. Original meaning: suspension; Stop)

2. Same meaning [stop]

Hey, stop. I had to stop several times. -"Shuo Wen"

A gentleman's way, either out or in. -"Yi copula"

Replace that man. -"Book of Rites, Shooting Righteousness". Note: "I'll stay."

Like cows or horses in summer. -"Guoyu Chuyu". Note: "Stop."

The sun and the moon are not constant, and life suddenly separates. -"Duckweed" by the Three Kingdoms

3. alive; Live [live]

Don't wander around. -"Poetry Zhao Nan Yin Qi Kun"

Occupy the right caves and wilderness. -"Yi, under the copula"

If you are a virgin. -"Zhuangzi Happy Tour". Interpretation: "The daughter in the room is also." According to it, any unused scholar or woman is called a position.

If you stay away from the Jianghu, you will worry about your husband. -Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower"

4. Another example is the cave; Women (women who stay at home); Everywhere (where it belongs); Be in position (in a strong position); Live in ease (live in ease); Be prepared for danger in times of peace.

5. Stay at home and live in seclusion.

Chu Shi cross discussion. -"Mencius"

Treat people with courtesy. -"Huai Nan Zi Zhu Shu". It is said that there is a way to live in seclusion at home.

6. Another example: dealing with people (people who can't stay at home; Hermit); At home (at home; At home)

Step 7 punish [punish]

Discuss the punishment of crime. -"Han Shi Dan Biography"

8. Another example: punishment (punishment); Cut a knife (perform a knife)

9. Governance; Handle [manage]

Do things with morality. -"Zuo Wen Zhuan Gong Eighteen Years"

10. Another example: processing；; Handle); Judge (handling judgments); Prescription (for patients)

1 1. decision; Decide [judge]

I can't be stupid. -"Han Shu Gu Yong Chuan". Note: "Definitely."

12. Another example: justice (still ruling); Change (Handling Events)

13. Preside; [responsible; Presided over]. Such as: location (residence); Situation (position); Office (teaching in a private school; Be a personal acquaintance); Be pragmatic

14. treat

Why are you treating me? -"Tan Gong Xia Li Ji"

15. Another example: waiting (disposal; Treat guests); Treat things (people and things)

16. Intersection, communication [get along; Socialize with ...]

Arguing with your husband for 20 days and repeatedly dying. -Wen Tianxiang's "South Record Preface"