Is it a swing or a Millennium?

The origin of swing can be traced back to ancient times hundreds of thousands of years ago. At that time, our ancestors had to climb trees to pick wild fruits or hunt wild animals in order to make a living. In climbing and running, they often catch the thick vines and rely on the swaying vines to climb trees or cross ditches and streams. This is the most primitive prototype of the swing. As for the later swings with ropes hanging from wooden frames and pedals tied to them, they existed in northern China in the Spring and Autumn Period. There is a record in Yiwenzhi Collection that "the mountain in the north swings into cold food every day for a play". At that time, for the sake of firmness, the rope tied to the swing was generally made of animal skins, so the word "boot armor" was repeatedly written on the swing, with the word "skin" as the side.

The Origin and Evolution of Swing

Fang Chuan

Swing is a recreational sport for many ethnic groups in China. According to the existing literature, it originated in the pre-Qin period.

"Ancient and Modern Art Map" said: "This (swinging) Beishan opera is light (agile) in learning." (See Zhai Hao's "Popular Compilation" in Qing Dynasty, Volume 31) Shan Rong was an ethnic minority in ancient North China, whose territory was in today's Beijing and its surrounding areas, and swings were originally used as a training tool. After Qi Huangong, the leader of the Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period, led troops to defeat Shanrong, he transferred his territory to Yan State, and the swing spread to the south, and then gradually evolved into a game tool.

After the swing, it will mainly be a game for women in the boudoir in the palace or a carnival in the traditional festival square. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, swings were popular in the palace. The endless Ode to the Swing in the Backyard of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty said: "A swinger will get a thousand years. Hanwu prayed for a thousand years of longevity, so the harem swayed more. " At that time, swinging was mainly to keep fit. In the Tang Dynasty, the court called the swing a "fortuneteller's play", and Wang Renyu of the Five Dynasties said in his note "The Legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao": "During the Cold Food Festival in Tianbao Palace, the swing was erected, which made the wives and concubines in the palace smile and thought it was a feast. The emperor called it a fortuneteller's play, and all the princes called it. "

On the one hand, swinging can cure scabies, and on the other hand, it can relieve the trouble of boudoir. Wu Yueniang, Meng Yulou, Pan Jinlian, Li Pinger and others are swinging in the garden at the beginning of the twenty-fifth chapter of Jin Ping Mei Hua Ci, quoting the poem "Swing" which is said to be written by Tang Bohu. Poetry cloud:

Two beautiful girls, Jiao E, are swinging in the shadow of poplar trees. /Two pairs of jade wrists are pulled back and forth, and four golden lotus flowers are upside down. /red face red face jade crisp shoulder * * * jade crisp shoulder. /Youchun childe fingers whip, a pair of flying outside the cloud nine.

Li Qingzhao also wrote a poem, "Little crimson lips, kicking a swing". For a time, swinging almost became a woman's patent.

Probably after the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the development of urban economy and the emergence of a large number of citizen classes, swinging evolved into a carnival program in the square during the festival. Du Fu said in a poem: "Ten years of cuju will be far away, and Wan Li's swinging customs are the same." Liu Yuxi also said: "The swing is second, and the colored rope is inclined." It can be seen that the custom of swinging is widely spread.

Hui Hong, a monk in the Song Dynasty, also wrote a poem called Swing:

The easel is double-cut, in front of the small building of the beautiful spring play. /fluttering blood skirts mop the floor and ruin jade. /Flowers report the rain of red apricots, and colored ropes hang poplar smoke obliquely. /I am quiet and quiet, and I suspect that the moon is falling.

From the above poems describing the custom of swinging, we can get a glimpse of the national character of this custom at that time. Maybe people are tired of playing with traditional swings and looking for new tricks, and the swing custom begins to change.

"Water Swing" appeared in the Song Dynasty. According to Wu's Dream in the Southern Song Dynasty, this acrobatic performance was held in Jinmingchi, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, West Lake in Lin 'an and Qiantang River, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Every time a water swing performance is held in summer, people from the emperor's concubines and princes to ordinary people compete to watch it. Before the performance, two beautifully carved ships were put into the water, and a swing frame was erected at the bow. During the performance, the drums on the ship were blaring, and the juggler at the stern practiced the pole first, and then the performers boarded the swing in order and struggled to swing. When the swing reached the height of the swing beam, they took off the rope with their hands, jumped into the air with the help of the reverberation of the swing, somersaulted in the air and then jumped into the water. Because the performers have different postures, they look beautiful and varied. "Water Swing", similar to modern diving, is a new development of acrobatics in Song Dynasty, which occupies an important position in the history of acrobatics in China and has a great influence on later generations.

After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the custom of swinging spread all over the country with unprecedented pomp.

Of course, the biggest change is in the ethnic areas of China.

Koreans love to swing, which is a traditional competitive entertainment activity, often held in festivals, and sometimes even competitions. During the festival, girls wear colorful skirts and gather around the swing to compete for the level. Only the selected experts can take part in the sports meeting. During the competition, a string of golden bronze bells hung on the ribbon in the sky, and the contestants swung to see who could ring the bronze bells. The more times you meet, the higher your score. Elegant long skirts, tinkling bells and breathtaking swings are breathtaking.

The Gaoshan people in Taiwan Province Province call the swing "rice flour", which means "flying", which is the same as the traditional understanding of the swing by the Han people.

The swinging custom of Naxi nationality in northwest Yunnan and south Sichuan is commonly known as "swinging party". Swing parties in the eastern part of Naxi nationality are mostly held from the first day to the fourth day of the first month in the summer calendar, while in the west, they start from the sixth day of the first month and last for 4-5 days. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhi Zhu Ci in Yanyuan said: "It is better to celebrate the old than to celebrate the new; Sisters dress up beautifully, and Qianlang throws ropes to send swings. " In Baisha Village, Lijiang, brides who got married in those years often tied swing handrails with red ropes and entertained the swings with snacks and melon seeds for peace and good luck. In Yongning and other places, on the last day of the "Swing Party", young women prepared banquets to entertain young men who came to participate in the swing competition. During the dinner, the man wiped the woman's face with marijuana cigarettes and chased each other to discredit. Legend has it that in ancient times, during the "swing party", a devil came to catch beautiful women. Later, covering your face to prevent ghosts became another custom in the market.

In addition to the most common autumn hanging, some ethnic groups also have many kinds of swings.

The swing entertainment of Kirgiz nationality in Xinjiang is called "Alatibakan Sherichinjik" by local people. Choose a point in the open space, build a tripod with three pieces of wood, and build the same shelf at another point 3 ~ 5 meters away. Then put a beam between the two tripods, about 3 meters from the ground, and hang six U-shaped ox hair ropes on the beam to form a swing. When playing, a man and a woman face each other, and both of them stagger their feet on two long cow hair ropes, stretch out their arms and grab the two cow hair ropes respectively, lean back on the ropes, and their feet move and swing higher and higher.

People in Tu Qinghai use swing frames to swing. The Turks call the autumn of wheels "Burire fever", which means "spinning and turning wheels". Wheel autumn, adjust measures to local conditions, local materials. If the column wheel of the big cart is removed, the column will stand up, and the lower wheel will press the heavy object to fix the center of gravity; The last round is tied with a ladder, and both ends of the ladder are tied with leather ropes of equal length (like swings), so it is called "round autumn".

The swings played by Uighurs are more peculiar. They are called "Sharjah Land", which means "Air Wheel". They play in spring and autumn and at weddings. A log with a height of about10m is firmly erected on the site as a vertical shaft. A wooden wheel is installed at the top of the vertical shaft, and two cross bars are installed on the wheel. Each cross bar is tied with a rope, such as a swing. The other cross bar is installed at the bottom of the vertical shaft and connected with the wooden wheel at the top with a rope. During the competition, one person stands on the rope swing, and then several people stand on opposite sides of the bottom rail. Both sides push the crossbar at the same speed to drive the top wooden wheel to rotate. The player standing on the rope slowly rises to the sky with the acceleration of the wheel. The faster the rotation speed, the higher the player flies.

In ethnic minority areas in southwest China, swing forms such as grinding autumn and windmill swing are also popular.

There are two kinds of grinding autumn, one is called turning to grinding autumn and the other is called grinding autumn. There is a pillar in the middle of the inking mound, and there is a shaft at the top, on which four ropes are tied, and each rope has a ring at the end. The four people jump into a play with a ring, which looks like a mill, so it is called a ball mill.

The playing method of grinding autumn is: take a hardwood with a length of 1 ~ 2 meters and a diameter of about 15 cm and fix it upright on the site, and cut its top into a shaft shape; Choose another wooden pole with a length of about 10 m and a diameter equivalent to that of the wooden column, cut a hollow hole in the middle and put it horizontally on the top of the column, that is, make a millstone autumn. The number of people riding on both ends of the wooden pole is equal. After a few steps, the rider quickly rides on the wooden pole or the creeping club head. The wooden pole rotates by grinding, and both ends fluctuate up and down, just like the fluctuation of the wooden pole when lifting it. So it's called Moqiu. With the up-and-down rotation of the wooden pole, the landing side uses the pedal to increase the strength, so that the pole bounces and the two ends of the wooden pole rotate up and down alternately.

Dai, Jingpo, Miao, Zhuang, Hani, Buyi and Gelao in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi are the most prosperous in Modanqiu, among which Hani is the most typical.

The autumn of Hani Poles is mainly in May or June of the lunar calendar. May 30th or 20th is called "May Year". Held from June 3rd to 5th, it is called "June Year", and the Hani people call it "Kuzaza Festival". "May" and "June" are all grinding autumn festivals. There is a local legend about the origin of "May Year": In ancient times, the sun and the moon came and went, endangering crops. A Lang and Achang decided to help their neighbors. They cut chestnut trees to support the autumn mill, which flies around and takes them to the sun and the moon. They tried their best to persuade them to come and go regularly day and night. The dream came true, but the brother and sister were roasted to death and frozen to death on the sun and the moon respectively. In memory of them, people became festivals.

Windmill swing is also called Qiu Che, Spinning Ball, Spinning Ball, Spinning Ball, and Spinning Ball, so it is named after its appearance is slightly like a spinning wheel. The structure of windmill swing is more complicated than hanging autumn and grinding autumn. There are two wooden columns with a height of about 3m and a spacing of about 3m in the site. A cross beam is placed at the top of the column, and a wooden cross roller, such as a wheel, with a width of about 1m is set in the center of the cross beam. There are four pairs of parallel feet on the roller, each pair is about 2 meters long. Short ropes are tied at both ends of the feet, and a board is tied at both ends of the rope, which looks like a swing. When playing, four people sit on a board and let the roller rotate and rise and fall. As soon as everyone touches the ground, push the ground hard. Coupled with the strength of three people sitting down in the air, the swing turns. It looks like a windmill when it is fast. In Qiandongnan Miao area, each board of windmill swing can seat two people, and four boards can seat eight people. This windmill swing is called "Autumn is Eight". Windmill swings are popular among Miao, Achang, Wa and other ethnic groups, of which Wa is the most typical. Most of the Yi people turn windmills and swing on the swings are women. During the festival, they will wear costumes to participate in the competition. The competition is divided into several groups, with 4 people in each group, who take turns to participate in the competition. The contestants sat on the swing board facing outward. At the referee's command, the swing began to turn like a spinning wheel, and it turned faster and faster. At this time, the venue is like a colored ball.

199 1 year, the national minority games listed swinging as a performance event, and later listed hanging autumn as a competition event.

Swing, a folk custom with thousands of years of history, is still full of vitality. It enlivens people's lives and provides rich specimens for folk workers.

Qian Qiu is talking about inheritance.