Ancient Hongze where to find (VII) Ming dynasty on the management of flooding in the Hongze Lake area

The ancient Hongze Lake area, in history, in addition to the ancient Linhuai County City, the capital of the ancient Xu State, which was submerged by the lake, there is another capital city relying on the edge of the Hongze Lake, that is, the Ming Dynasty, which was founded at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, outside the city of Fengyang, in Anhui Province, established Fengyang to accompany the capital.

In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang seized power and established the Ming dynasty, the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was from Fengyang Province, Anhui Province, and the southern part of our present Hongze district on the shore and part of the underwater area belonged to the jurisdiction of Xuyi County of Fengyang Province at that time.

After Zhu Yuanzhang founded his country, he was bent on building the capital of the Ming Dynasty in his hometown of Fengyang, so he started construction of a new capital city outside of Fengyang and built the mausoleum of his ancestors in Xuyi County. However, as the people's life was still very hard at the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty due to years of war, the requisitioned craftsmen suffered so much that there was a rebellion of the craftsmen and incidents of witchcraft.

Zhu Yuanzhang knew of the witchcraft incident, he killed the craftsmen, and the new capital city of Fengyang new projects to stop building, the construction of the project has been completed, as the capital of the Ming dynasty, and the capital of the Ming dynasty is set in Nanjing.

Precisely because the Hongze Lake area at that time was in the so-called Dragon Vein location of the Royal Ming Dynasty, and there is a capital in this, so in the period of the Ming Dynasty, the regime of the Ming Dynasty attaches great importance to the management of the Yellow River, the Huaihe River, the Grand Canal, and the flooding of the Hongze Lake in the area of the Hongze Lake.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the governance of Hongze Lake flooding, in the local has been rumored to have Liu Ji rice husk line building embankment and the story of 108 Road Bay.

Legend has it that after Zhu Yuanzhang seized the world, in order to protect the capital of Fengyang and the ancestral tomb of Xuyi, he gave the heavy responsibility of building the embankment of Hongze Lake to the founding chancellor Liu Ji (字伯温).

Liu Ji was very scratchy when he received the task, and he thought day and night about the way to repair the dike. One day, Goddess of Mercy sent a dream to Liu Ji, telling him the secret method of building the dike.

Liu Ji woke up from the dream, he listened to Guanyin Bodhisattva's method, ordered from the lake around the state to transfer thousands of civilian boats, carrying a boat full of rice hulls hugely drawn to the east shore of Hongze Lake, from Huaiyin dock to Jiangba along the mooring standby.

Less than two days, a westerly wind blew on Hongze Lake. Liu Bowen gave an order for the civilian boats containing rice husks to throw the husks along the lake shore and let them drift with the wind. Rice husk drift with the wind, south to Jiangba, north to Huaiyin dock, in the lake east of the bank gradually converged into a stretch of a hundred miles of rice husk wave trace line.

Liu Ji led the dike repair officials on a boat tour, see the rice husk shows along the east shore of the lake, the big bend, small bends happen to have 108, so he immediately ordered the accompanying officials in accordance with the rice husk shows the line drawn out of the construction of the dike of Hongze Lake. It is rumored that the dike built according to this map would rarely break.

In addition to the legend of Liu Ji's dike construction, there are other figures about the Ming Dynasty's governance of the Hongze Lake area, such as Winston Chen, Pan Jitai, and Yang Yikui.

Chen Xuan (1365-1433), the word Yanchun, now Hefei City, Anhui Province, Ming Dynasty military generals, water conservancy experts, the Ming and Qing Dynasty, the establishment of the system of waterway transportation.

Chen Xuan, a military general, served as the chief military officer of the canal since the first year of the Yongle era (1403), and also took charge of the local affairs of Huai'an in the later period.

In the thirteenth year of Yongle (1415), Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty decided to stop the sea transportation and change to inland waterway transportation because of the full navigation of Huitong River. At that time, after arriving at Huai'an along the Canal, the Jiangnan canal had to be transported over the river dam and then through the Huaihe River to the Qinghe River, which was a process of huge loss.

After a field study, Winston Chen adopted the old man's suggestion to excavate a 20-mile river canal named Qingjiangpu from the Butler Lake on the west side of Huai'an City, and channeled the water of Butler Lake into the Huaihe River by Qingjiangpu, and built four gates to release the flood at the right time to reduce the flooding of the Hongze Lake area. He also built a ten-mile long embankment along the east bank of Tubou Lake to improve the transportation capacity of ships, making it possible for the canal boats to reach the Yellow River directly, and the savings were uncountable.

Chen Xuan supervised the transportation for thirty years, he implemented a lot of corrective measures for the transportation affairs, sophisticated and far-sighted, can be said to be "lifting nothing", and at the same time in Huai'an during the administration, governance of the Huai River and Hongze Lake is also a remarkable achievement.

Pan Jitai (May 28, 1521 - May 20, 1595), the word Shiliang, No. Yinchuan. He was a native of Huzhou City in present-day Zhejiang Province. He was a minister and hydrologist in the middle of the Ming Dynasty.

Pan Jixiu presided over the governance of the Yellow River and the Canal four times, before and after the duration of twenty-seven years. Pan Jixiao in his life four times in the river, tireless, many times in-depth site, he of the Yellow, Huai, Canal three rivers put forward the principle of integrated management: "through the canal in the river, the river that is to rule the canal, will be the river in the Huai, the Huai that is to rule the river, will be the river, the Huai and the same into the sea, then the river, Huai that is to rule the sea."

Under this principle, Pan Jixiang, according to the Yellow River sand content of the characteristics of the river, and put forward: "river to rule the river, water to attack the sand" of the river policy. In order to achieve the purpose of the water to wash away the sand, Pan Jixiao attached great importance to the role of embankment. He summarized the experience of embankment construction at that time, and creatively divided the embankment work into four kinds of remote embankment, wisp embankment, grid embankment, and moon embankment, which were carefully arranged on both sides of the river according to the local conditions and were used in conjunction with each other. He paid special attention to the quality of the embankment, put forward "must be real soil and do not mix floating sand, high and thick and do not cherish the cost of residence", "one by one cone to explore the soil embankment" and other principles of embankment repair, the provisions of a number of effective measures to repair the embankment and test the quality of the method, and achieved a better result.

Pan Jixiu advocated merging, but in order to defend against large floods, under certain conditions, he was not opposed to the planned flood. Pan Jixiao is not only the "bundle of water to attack the sand" policy proponent, but also this policy is a strong practitioner.

Wanli seven years (1579), his third rule of the river, in line with the "plug the mouth of the river to save the positive river, build dykes to collapse, back to the dam to prevent the river, the creation of rolling dams in order to the old embankment, stop dredging the sea project to save money, bed open the old Yellow River in order to still be involved in the proposal of the governance principles," "building Gaojiayan embankment more than 60 miles, Guirenji embankment more than 40 miles, Liupuwan embankment east and west more than 70 miles, plugging Cuizhen and other breakthroughs of one hundred and thirty, building Xu, Su, Pi, Su, Taotao, Qing banks of the remote embankment of more than 56,000 ft, Dangdang, Feng dam each one, Xu, Pei, Feng, Dangdang wisps of embankment of more than one hundred and forty miles, building Cuizhen, Xu Sheng, Jitai, Sanyi water-reducing dams of stone four, moving Tongji gate in the south of the city of Ganluo, Huai, Yang, embankment and dams between the building, the cost of money gold Fifty-six million odd". After this governance, "high weir first built, clear the mouth of the party smooth, flowing for several years, the river is not a big problem", has achieved gratifying results.

Pan Jixiao in the long-term practice of river management, he drew on the results of previous generations, a comprehensive summary of the rich experience in the practice of river management in Chinese history, the invention of the "bunch of water sand method", which profoundly affects the future generation of the "yellow" thought and practice, for China's ancient river management and flood control. He profoundly influenced the thinking and practice of "Yellow Rule" in later generations, and made significant contributions to the ancient river control and flood control in the Hongze Lake area of China.

Yang Yikui (1536-1609), the word Zi choice, the name of the back of the mountain, the Ming Wanli fourteen years (1586) to the Ministry of Household, the right minister and the right commander of the Imperial Household Premier River trough, the Wanli twenty-three years promoted to the Ministry of Public Works and the Ministry of Public Works, the right deputy Imperial Household Premier River Road.

After the twenty-first year of the Wanli reign, due to the Yellow River's rising body, it backed up Qingkou, making the Huai no match for the Yellow, resulting in the flooding of the Ming Ancestral Tombs in Sizhou (north of present-day Xuyi). In order to save this crisis, Yang Yikui proposed the river control measures of "killing the yellow river to verticalization of the Huai, and not dredging the sea port to guide the yellow".

In March of the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Wanli, Yang Yikui sent 200,000 people, in Taoyuan (today's Siyang County) to open the Huangba New River. From the Huangjiazui, the diversion of yellow water east through the Qing River, to Andong (now Lianshui) five ports, irrigation mouth into the sea, to reduce the potential of the Yellow River, and in the clear mouth of the seven miles of sand, used to guide the Huaihuai. And in the high weir built wujiadun, gaoliangjian, zhoujiaqiao three sluice gates, leakage of water channel into the sea, in order to疏淮涨. Still afraid that the Huai water catharsis is not as good as, but also part of the water from the canal into the river. After the completion of the project, the Ming Zuling water gradually recede, flooding a little rest.

During the Ming Dynasty, due to the special status of the Fengyang Province and the Hongze Lake area, the flood management of the Hongze Lake area is the most important and more successful period of ancient Chinese history, although the Yellow River and Huaihe River floods were not completely managed, but Sizhou City, Hongze Town and other ancient towns along the Huaihe River are still able to survive, and the Hongze Lake area is still one of the country's most prosperous areas.