What stray mushrooms are susceptible to after mulching? How to prevent and control?

Mushrooms are susceptible to white gypsum mold, brown gypsum mold, variable powdery mildew (cotton-wool-like stray fungi), walnut fleshy fungi and other stray fungi after mulching.

White gypsum mold usually produces a white glossy patch or fluffy edge on the surface of the mulch layer, which turns powdery in the center and later turns tawny. Once it occurs, don't expect mushrooms at the stained area. It is usually thought to be an indicator bacteria of poor compost fermentation (relatively low pile temperature) and too high alkalinity (pH 8.2 or higher) of the compost. This type of fungus should be prevented by proper pre-fermentation and post-fermentation, and the mulch material should be sterilized. If the alkalinity of the compost or mulch material is too high, it can be sprayed with a solution of calcium superphosphate. When scattered patches of stray bacteria are found on the mushroom bed, lime powder can be withdrawn on it to prevent further spreading.

Brown gypsum mold on the surface of the mulch layer occurs at the beginning of the white, gradually expanding the emergence of large and dense plaque, and then the central color of the plaque gradually turned brown, granular, with a finger rubbing, like talcum powder-like feeling, which is its conidia, which is very easy to spread in the air. Fermentation overcooked, too wet culture material is prone to brown gypsum mold, also often accompanied by a large number of ghost umbrella. In the prevention and control, pay attention to the control of the moisture content of the culture material before sowing, and once it occurs, immediately strengthen the ventilation and sprinkle lime powder around the spots to prevent the spread. When localized occurrence, spray 500 times polymyxin liquid or 7 times acetic acid solution.

Walnut fleshy fungus is a destructive fungus in mushroom cultivation, and mushroom farmers call it "fungal cancer". The same mushroom room can be infected year after year, continuous occurrence, seriously affecting the yield, or even harvest. The mycorrhizal fungus often occurs in the first tide of mushrooms before the mulch and between the culture material, in the culture material mycelium is yellowish-white, sometimes appear orange or cream-colored felt, the fruiting body is like a walnut, there are folds, the initial white, and then gradually turned into a yellow or light brownish-red. When the fungus occurs in large quantities, there is a bleach odor in the mushroom room. The spores of pecan flesh-like fungus are heat-resistant, drought-resistant and chemical-resistant, and are usually difficult to eliminate. In the prevention and control, for the old disease area should delay the construction of the pile, avoid the high temperature susceptible to disease period, and adopt the secondary fermentation technology. Once the onset of the disease, immediately take ventilation, cooling, humidity and other measures to control the spread. Dig deep ditches to the bottom of the bed at the periphery of the diseased area, sprinkle lime, salt brine or spray formalin (2%), and cover it with film until the end of the harvest before removing and destroying it.

Variable powdery mildew (cotton wool-like fungi) often occurs in the fine soil layer in the middle and late stages of mushroom cultivation. At the beginning of the disease, the white cotton wool-like mycelium gradually becomes gray-white and finally orange-red. Mushrooms in the diseased area are small and scarce, or even do not produce mushrooms. To prevent and control variable powdery mildew, spray 0.1% metribuzin at the early stage of disease, and use 50 kg of liquid per 100 m2. After 5 days of spraying, if there is still this kind of fungus, it can be sprayed again with 800 times carbendazim liquid.