Interpretation and Appreciation of Cao Xueqin's Wanning Mei

One is Xianpa in Yuen Long, and the other is flawless jade. If there is no strange fate, I will meet him again in this life; If you say there is a strange fate, how does your mind eventually become empty?

One is futile, and the other is alarmist. One is the moon in the water, and the other is the flower in the mirror. I am thinking, how many tears are there in my eyes, how can I get through autumn to winter and spring to summer?

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One is the fairy flower on the bank of Linghe River, and the other is the flawless jade. If there was no fate in previous lives, why did you meet him in this life? If there is a secret karma, why does the ideal always melt away?

She grieved for him in vain, and he cared for her in vain. He is just a moon in the water to her, and she is just a flower in the mirror to him. Imagine how many tears you can have. How can you stand from autumn to winter and from spring to summer?

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"vanity eyebrows" and "what's the use of mourning", that is, "vanity sighs" in the song. Cao Xueqin's own song title. Zhi Yanzhai said in his comments that "it is worthy of being the Northern Song Dynasty created by the author himself", and this song is one of them.

"Eyebrows", the wrinkled appearance of eyebrows, the sad appearance. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the beauty stone of Yue State was often sad because of the pain in her heart. In the book, Jia Baoyu gave Lin Daiyu a nickname "Zhuanqing".

"Yuen Long", where the legendary immortals lived. Li Yu of the Five Dynasties: "It snows thousands of miles in Yuen Long, but peaches and plums have nothing to say." Song Sushi: "There are thousands of flowers reflecting jade in Yuen Long, which is the only new flower in the world." In the book, "Yuen Long" has multiple meanings: First, it refers to the dreamland of Taixu and Jia Baoyu sleepwalking. The second is the Grand View Garden, which is similar to Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden. This is the immortal space created by Cao Xueqin with great efforts. The third refers to the Xiaoxiang Pavilion where Lin Daiyu lives.

Xianpa, a fairy flower, is a metaphor for Lin Daiyu. Lin Daiyu was originally a crimson pearl fairy grass beside the Sansheng stone on the Xiling River.

"Beautiful jade is flawless", beautiful jade is flawless. In the book, Jia Baoyu was born with a piece of jade. Refers to Jia Baoyu's pure heart, free from fame and fortune. The ancients imagined that the body of heaven was made of jade. If the sky is short, you need "five-colored stone", that is, jade to make up for it. Jade is a prehistoric ritual vessel and a tool for people to communicate with heaven or ancestors. From Huai Nan Zi to A Dream of Red Mansions, the myth of Nu Wa's refining stones to make up the sky is well known.

The Moon in the Water and the Flower in the Mirror can be found in the Record of Jingdezhen and Dengchuan, Volume 30: "It is not difficult to see the shape in the mirror, but it is difficult to catch the moon in the water." Although Baodai's ideal of love is beautiful, it can't become a reality like a mirror.

"Tears" tells the story of Baodai for the first time. It is said that there is a crimson pearl grass beside the Sansheng stone on the Xiling River, and the waiter of Shen Ying in Chixia Palace waters it with dew every day. The magic shape of crimson pearl grass turned into Lin Daiyu in order to pay off debts with tears. Zhi Yanzhai commented: "I know that tears pay off debts, and I know it myself." When Baoyu and Daiyu first met, one threw a piece of jade because the other didn't have psychic jade, and the other shed tears and said, "It's not my fault you broke that jade." Fat batch said: "this is the first time to calculate, I don't know how much is left!" " "After a hundred times, I can't tell Daiyu's tears." Cao Xueqin's original intention in writing A Dream of Red Mansions was to "return tears". Zhi Yanzhai commented: "On New Year's Eve, Qin died in tears before the book was finished."

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When Lin Daiyu first entered Guo Rongfu, she was about seven years old. That was when she was young. When Jia Baoyu first met Lin Daiyu, he said, "I have seen this sister." Life can meet a bosom friend, how can you not like it?

Grandmother Jia arranged for Baoyu and Daiyu to share a room, one in Qingsha Pavilion and the other outside. Qingfu Tea Ming Yi's tihongloumeng: "The son of Jinyi sprouts orchids, but the pink lady doesn't break melons. If you are young, you may wish to sleep in the same room and have more MUBI curtains. " It shows that Baoyu and Daiyu have no suspicion.

"Zhuo" refers to the way the grass has just grown. "Blue bud" refers to the tender bud of orchid. Su Shi: "The green shoots under the mountain are shorter than the stream, and the sand road between the pines is clean and mud-free". How clean it is! This sentence describes young Baoyu as fresh and delicate as bluegrass sprouts.

"Broken Melon", Popular Women written by Zhai Hao in Qing Dynasty: "Melon is broken by two or eight characters, and it is said to be 286 years old." "The Pink Lady has not broken the melon" should mean that Lin Daiyu is under sixteen. Baoyu and Daiyu are one spirit. Have the foundation of childhood.

A fly in the ointment, many good things grind. As Baoyu and Daiyu grew older, Xue Baochai came and was deeply loved by Jia Baoyu's mother, Mrs. Wang. Lin Daiyu was therefore at odds with Jia Baoyu.

Baoyu said to Daiyu, "You come first. We'll eat at the same table and sleep in the same bed. We have grown so big. He just came here. Can anyone spare you for him? "

When servant girl Huang skillfully tied plum blossoms for psychic Baoyu, Baochai advocated using gold thread, but other colors were not good. It seems that there is a deep meaning in it, and "gold" matches jade very well; When she was flapping butterflies, she saw a pair of jade butterflies, as big as round fans, flying up and down in the wind. This is the former alliance of Shuangyu.

I didn't want to come like this when I heard Shi Xiangyun talk about the economy. Baoyu added, "Sister Lin doesn't talk like such a jerk. If she says so, I will be separated from her. " Lin Daiyu was surprised, happy, sad and sighing. The person I like really has a good eye. I know him as a confidant, and he is really a confidant. "Fuck", Baochai and Xiangyun can't really understand Baoyu.

Jia Baoyu is "infatuated with talent." He said that women are made of water: "daughters are made of water and men are made of mud." Seeing my daughter refreshed me; I felt angry when I saw a man. "Whispering to swallows and staring blankly at roses is' ingratitude'.

His infatuation is not only manifested in his love for Daiyu, but also in his appreciation of the beauty and intelligence of all the girls and his deep sympathy for their unfortunate fate.

Lingguan choked under Bai Yutang's frame in the Grand View Garden alone, while drawing "Qiang" on the ground with a hairpin. Jia Baoyu witnessed it. "Since then, I have deeply realized my love for life, and each has its own reasons. It's just that I often get hurt secretly. I wonder who will bury my tears in the future? "

Jia Baoyu has reached a new artistic conception in his heart and is considerate to his daughters. Yuanyang is not required to know and see his feelings, which is a hopeless unilateral infatuation without asking for anything in return.

The heroine of a dream of red mansions lives in Xiaoxiang Pavilion, which is a quiet place with thousands of bamboo poles, numerous phoenix tails and thin dragons. Daiyu can be said to be the most talented and poetic figure in A Dream of Red Mansions.

Daiyu returned to Xiaoxiang Pavilion and passed by pear fragrance court. When she heard twelve girls practicing opera, she couldn't help but stop to listen. "It's as beautiful as a flower for you, like a fleeting time ... Lin Daiyu was moved by these two words. When I heard the words' you feel sorry for yourself', I was so intoxicated that I squatted on a rock and chewed the taste of the words' flowers are full and full, like water flowing'. "

It suddenly occurred to me that I saw an ancient poem the day before yesterday with tears in my eyes.

It can be seen that Daiyu, who is early and wise, has been able to understand the relationship between nature, life and ruthless time with the poet's intuition.

The encounter between Baoyu and Daiyu in their last lives is the front, getting along with each other in their youth is the foundation, and emotional connection is the key and confidant. Mrs. Wang said to people, "Qingwen's eyebrows are a bit like your sister Lin." Qingwen is actually Lin Daiyu's deputy. From Qingwen, we can know that Daiyu's behavior and character are exactly what Daiyu did not write. "If it is quality, it is not precious; If it is sex, it is ice and snow, and it is clean; If it is a god, it is the star and the sun, and it is essence; If the appearance is concerned, it is the flower and the moon, not the color. "

Only higher than the sky, life is thinner than paper. Just like Qingwen in A Dream of Red Mansions, Li Shangyin has never made it public in his life. Daiyu is the shadow of Cao Xueqin. "Dou Yun's author is stupid, who can understand the taste?" It is actually a portrayal of Lin Daiyu and Cao Xueqin.

Natural love, peach, burn its China; Willow leaves, rain and snow are all life. It's a rainy day, and bloom lives in the moon and Zhu, coming and going.

Both man and nature have a sense of life. Daiyu's burying flowers is the most sensitive poet's heart. It is also sentimental, so it is associated with Baoyu.

The * * * sense of life breeds feelings for all existence (living and inanimate).

Lin Daiyu's feelings are caring for people. Daiyu only thanked those who had feelings for her. The emperor didn't want what he gave: "I don't want what a smelly man took."

People and everything have * * * in common, and people also have * * * in common, so understanding becomes possible. So I'm very excited.

"Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees!" . Cicada can't be called out, and the leaves of a tree are still so green. The poet blamed the tree for its indifference. This is Jia Baoyu's "feelings".

It is precisely Jia Baoyu's unique character to treat things that are not intimate as feelings, that is, the so-called "feelings are not intimate." It is difficult to find the words of two Fu mothers who came to Jia's house to describe it: often no one is around, laughing and crying; When you see a swallow, talk to it. When you see fish in the river, you talk to them. When I see the stars and the moon, I either sigh or mumble. "

Xiangling, Pinger, Lingguan, Lotus Root Guan, etc. May not understand Baoyu's concern. In contrast, Daiyu's "love" is Baoyu who only loves true feelings. What a smelly man took it, even the emperor scolded him. On the other hand, Daiyu's infatuation is similar to Baoyu's, and she is also affectionate to that ungrateful thing. In other words, Daiyu is most used to treating such heartless things as flowers and birds as sentient beings.

"The original colorful, like this have been paid to the broken well ruins. When is the beautiful scenery, who is happy? " Lin Daiyu also appreciates it. The better, the sadder and the more touching the description in A Dream of Red Mansions.

The essence of A Dream of Red Mansions is that Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu seek bosom friends.

This irrationality shows the author's true feelings. Every real poem contains the author's own life experience and feelings.

The main idea of A Dream of Red Mansions is to talk about love, that is, to be considerate, to forgive, and to push others.

The Grand View Garden is neither in the north nor in the south, because it is not only in the south, not only in the north, but also in Cao Xueqin's square. Peach Blossom Garden is in the ideal.

There is one factor that prevents the Grand View Garden from continuing to exist, and this factor is "time".

By the seventy-eighth time, the Jia family had declined, and the fragrance of the Grand View Garden had died. Baoyu hesitated for a long time, looking at the fragrant vines in the courtyard, which were still green and green, and suddenly looked even more desolate than yesterday. I came out silently and saw a green pavilion outside the door. No one came and went for half a day, unlike the people who came to the guest room that day. And bent down to see the water under it, still melting and flowing. I thought to myself, "there is such a heartless thing between heaven and earth!" "

However, running water will not stop like relentless time.

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Cao Xueqin (about1715-1763), whose real name is Zhan, is Cao Xueqin. Manchu Zhengbaiqi paint. He is usually regarded as the author of China's famous novel A Dream of Red Mansions.

Cao Xueqin's great-grandfather Cao was the weaver girl of Jiangning, and his great-grandmother was the nanny of Kangxi period. Grandfather Cao Yin was the prefect and bodyguard of Kangxi. Later, he was appointed as Jiangning Weaving. He also served as a salt inspection station in Lianghuai, supervising local officials and playing the emperor in secret folding. Kangxi visited the south of the Yangtze River six times, four of which were taken back by Cao Yin and lived in Cao Jia. Cao Xueqin's grandfather, Cao Yin, presided over the printing and engraving of all Tang poems and Pei Fu. Zhu Yizun's "Lou Shu Ting" is also engraved with Cao Yin's donation. Cao Yin was ill, and Kangxi sent a post horse to deliver medicine in the starry night. After Cao Yin's death, Kangxi inherited Cao Yin's son Cao Yong and stepson Cao Fu. Their three generations and four grandchildren have held this position for sixty years.

In the last years of Kangxi, the princes divided into cronies and fought for power and profit. The fourth prince, Yin Zhen, won the throne. This is Yong Zhengdi. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he brutally persecuted his brothers and dissidents who competed for the throne. In the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), when Cao Xueqin was fourteen years old, Cao Fu was accused of being involved in the struggle with the royal faction. Cao Fu may be deformed, and Cao Xueqin may be Cao Yong's posthumous child.

Cao Xueqin is an official, while Zhou Tong. "Everything is clear and knowledgeable, and the cultivation of human feelings is an article." Cao Xueqin is probably an "official" and is the son of Cao Qing. From officialdom to seclusion in Xishan is a choice, similar to Tao Yuanming's choice. Only Cao Yong's son will not be implicated in the Yongzheng dynasty, and he can even serve as an "official country". Cao Xueqin cultivated an independent personality. Instead of "kowtowing to the rich", he "wrote a book in Huangye Village". If you can't make meritorious service, you must make meritorious service. This is a subjective choice.

There must be many versions of poems collected by Tang Dynasty poets, and Cao Xueqin should have access to these books when he was a child in Jiangning Weaving Institute.

Yu Rui's "Jujube Window Idle Pen" said: "I have read the book, and this book has the comments of his uncle Zhi Yanzhai, which was very accurate in that year." "He is fat, his head is wide and black, he is talkative, he plays elegant games, and he is born when he touches the environment. It's amazing to hear its strange sound. "

Cao Xueqin lived a rich life since childhood, and his friend Duncheng said that he "recalled the prosperity of Qinhuai". Cao Xueqin moved back to Beijing with his family. Soon, I was far away from the officialdom and lived a poor and hard life. In his later years, Cao Xueqin moved to the western suburbs of Beijing. "The whole family often credits porridge and wine."

Zhang Yiquan called Cao Xueqin "good at painting" and Zhi Yanzhai also said that "there are poems in Qin Xue's books". Cao Xueqin is also a painter. Dunmin's "Painting Stone in Qinyuan" said: "Proud as a monarch, jagged teeth are even more fragmented. When I was drunk and swept away like a pen, I wrote a piece on my chest. " A Dream of Red Mansions is the product of his "reading for ten years, adding and deleting five times", but before his death, the whole book was only completed nearly eighty times, and most of the first eighty times handed down from generation to generation were written by him.

Yong Zhong, the grandson of Yun Chan, the 14th son of Kangxi, saw A Dream of Red Mansions from Mo Xiang, Duncheng's uncle. Cao Xueqin has been dead for five years. With regret, he wrote Cao Xueqin's quatrain: "It's not that lovers don't cry. At the same time, I cried for Cao Hou several times! "

Duncheng's two poems "Holding Cao Xueqin" (according to the manuscript of "Miscellaneous Notes on the Wren Temple"): forty years old is too thin (Si Songtang's collection edition of "Forty Years Old"), and Xiaofeng brushed the inscription yesterday (the publication edition of "A Mourn"). When the intestines are gone, the orphans cry (note: Ziyi died of sentimentality a few months ago) (printed as "Orphans to be driven out of the desert", the same note), and tears flow into the widow's voice in the wilderness (printed as "Bride's eyes are falling"). Ghosts and monsters mourn Li He, and Liu Ling is buried in a deer cart. An old friend should have a whole life (the publication is "Old friend only has green hills and tears"), but where to call back the soul and give it to Chu Heng (the publication is "Old Wine Comes Out"). The opening is still ice and snow, so the old friends are scattered like clouds. For the first time in three years, he took pity on me, and there was no doctor when he was ill. Talented people should hate, but Yang Shan's flute can't be smelled. When he was thin, the grass was cold and smoke fell (not in this first issue)

Dunmin's "Drinking Poison to Quench Thirst and Hanging Xueqin on the Wall" (The dry river refers to the Luhe River where Dunmin's family cemetery is located, and Li's cemetery is also here. Some people say that there is a classic place in Caojiatong, and the cemetery seems to be in the eastern suburbs. There is a poem saying: "Flowers bloom on both sides of the strait, and spring comes back to the scene. The water is gone, and the poet's space is gone. When I go upstairs, I think of drunkards. There are thousands of trees floating on the river bank, and thousands of villages are thousands of miles away. Looking at it for no reason, the crow flies to Xiao Temple in the Cold Forest. "

Zhang Yiquan's poem "Hurt a Buddhist" (note: he was free in sex, good at drinking, good at poetry and painting, and died before the age of 50) said: "Xie Xiang, people don't see tears. The north wind is hard to return, and Bai Xuege's dream is growing. The sound of harp wrapped in broken bags is bleak, and the sword breaks the box. If you have feelings, ask the place to be repaired, and the green hills are cool at night. "

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Cao Xueqin wrote the story of Nu Wa according to his own times and life feelings, and made up that it took 36,500 stones to mend the sky, leaving only one stone. This psychic Baoyu, after reading all the world and going through many vicissitudes, finally returned to a stubborn stone.

It turns out that when Nu Wa tried to mend the sky by refining stones, she practiced the Twelve Classics on the barren cliffs of the big barren hills, and passed 36,501 pieces of hard stones of 24 feet. Only 36,500 yuan was used by Wadi, leaving only one piece useless and abandoned at the foot of Qingji Peak in this mountain. Who knows that this stone has been spiritually enlightened since it was practiced? Seeing that all stones can make up the sky, I feel sorry for myself and feel ashamed day and night.

"mending the sky" refers to the great cause of anbang governing the country and helping the people. Cao Xueqin is not qualified to do great things.

"Seeing stones can make up the sky", and the road to the examination room is blocked. "There is no material to make up for the sky, and it is empty." "Eight characters are the author's lifelong regret". "There is no talent to make up the sky", and the shame whimpers. Several beautiful and natural sisters, with the death of their families, "ended up in a white land, which is really clean". They felt sorry for the people of Sri Lanka, so they made this stone record to fill the stone.

Isn't the role of the mirror to "generally remember the facts and dare not make a slight breakthrough" (this is the way with official experience)? However, both sides of the mirror need to understand the original intention of the book from the opposite side. The so-called "two songs on the crimson tree, one in the throat and the other in the mouth".

From the second year of Kangxi (1663), Cao Xueqin's great-grandfather took the lead in weaving in Jiangning, until the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), when Cao Jia-zu returned to Beijing, Cao Jia-zu took over Jiangning weaving for four generations. At that time, Jiangning Weaving Department was located in Nanjing, and Cao Shi family lived in Jiangnan for more than 60 years, which was the whole process from prosperity to decline. If we analyze other titles of A Dream of Red Mansions, we will find that A Dream of Red Mansions is more likely to be in Nanjing than Beijing: Twelve Women in Jinling directly points out that it describes twelve women in Jinling, while A Dream of Red Mansions is naturally in Nanjing; The Story of Stone records the story that happened in Stone Town, which is another name of Nanjing. Yue Feng Bao Jian is an old manuscript of Cao Xueqin, who spent his youth in Nanjing. The old manuscript should also describe the prosperous life in the Jiangnan period before the property raid. Cao Xueqin's good friends Duncheng and Dunmin wrote poems saying that he "remembered the prosperity of Qinhuai", "abandoned the museum's dream of hometown" and "felt the old dream of Qinhuai early". The book A Dream of Red Mansions also records that Zhen Shi's family has been in the south of the Yangtze River, and the author made a series for "Women of the Day". Then, shouldn't the red chamber where these women lived that day be located in the romantic and prosperous Jiangnan where the author's old dream belongs?

Loneliness is the road to the soul and the way for people to reach their nature.

Cao Xueqin's "Dream of Red Mansions" is a typical poor and angry book. As Sima Qian said: "This person has a sense of stagnation and can't understand it, so he tells the past and thinks about new people. For example, if Zuo Qiu has no eyes and his grandson breaks his foot, he will never be able to use them. He will retreat to the book to relieve his anger and think about those empty words to see himself. " "Realizing the Tao" means realizing the ideal.

The real mind spans time and space. Confucius, Sakyamuni and Socrates are contemporaries, separated from Wan Li, but connected with each other. A Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xueqin when he was very poor in his later years. Not lonely? We must change from liveliness to indifference, from enthusiasm to calmness in the past, in order to write vivid and enthusiastic works. Poets are lonely, so are philosophers; Poets love truth, philosophers reason about it. Both are out of loneliness, and the result is true.

The jade belt hanging in the forest symbolizes the noble taste of officials and the life of your son, so the jade belt hanging in the forest means giving up official career and becoming a monk in seclusion. Put down the cliff Only those who have really seen the prosperity will definitely give up the prosperity.

Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions is an exploration of the tragic fate of women and the end of feudalism.

The couplet of "A Beautiful Place, A Helpless Day" in A Dream of Red Mansions says, "Take this helpless day, a sad day, a lonely day, and try to send your stupidity." It is a portrayal of Cao Xueqin's mood.

When Cao Xueqin was down and out in his later years, he read for ten years, added and deleted five times, and wrote eighty unfinished manuscripts. "The paper is full of absurd words and bitter tears. Dou Yun's author is stupid, who knows the taste? "Cao Xueqin is not lonely?

"The place where your golden lamp goes out is very quiet. How far can a pomegranate flower whisper?" How many times have you spent lonely sleepless nights alone with the fading lamp? Now it's pomegranate bloom season. Clever, natural and unobtrusive use of symbolic hints is indeed a sign of artistic perfection.

Time is the most vivid explanation. The place where your golden lamp goes out is quiet, and it is the passage of time when spring silkworms eat mulberry. Gradually drifting away, more and more, less and less, no news, more and more, pomegranate red. Golden ash is also a concrete manifestation of time. The original red golden embers faded little by little, but there was no news of the missing person. Missing is constantly growing, and without news, it is also growing.

This is Cao Xueqin's lonely heart.

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China's traditional scholarship has experienced Confucianism in pre-Qin, Confucian classics in Han Dynasty, metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism in Qing Dynasty and Neo-Confucianism in Late Qing Dynasty. China's modern academic research began with the study of A Dream of Red Mansions by Cai Yuanpei, Hu Shi and Zhou.

The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems, the origin of China literature, and A Dream of Red Mansions is a masterpiece of China literature.

A Dream of Red Mansions is a master: it is endowed with prose, poems, words, songs and legends, and is full of the author's personality. The publication of A Dream of Red Mansions summarizes the development of China's classical literature and marks the peak of novel creation.

The ideological content of A Dream of Red Mansions is extremely rich, involving economic, political, cultural and social aspects, including land system, commercial system, legal system, official system, religious system, marriage system, handmaiden system and humble system. Including poetry, music, prose, everything. Poetry and songs, riddles, travel orders, tea tasting, painting, playing chess, playing the piano, telling stories, watching plays, mowing grass, holding flowers, visiting gardens and feasting are all cultural activities of the upper class. As far as the richness of life is concerned, A Dream of Red Mansions is an encyclopedia of feudal society. As far as the cultural factors it contains are concerned, it can be called the confluence of China traditional culture. The style of A Dream of Red Mansions is as gentle and honest as the Book of Songs.

A Dream of Red Mansions actually created a poetic novel in the history of China literature. The works are full of poetry. A Dream of Red Mansions is the first poetic novel, which also inspires the infinite practice of later generations.

A Dream of Red Mansions is an elegy of feudal society full of sentimental feelings. The end of agricultural civilization in China is the brilliance of eschatology, elegy and sunset, and a new era is about to begin.

Studying A Dream of Red Mansions, just like studying the anatomy of higher animals, can provide a key for understanding the whole China classical literature. Qu Yuan, Li Shangyin, Cao Xueqin, sentimentalism developed from sentimental personal circumstances to the whole life, and finally to the sentimental general trajectory of the whole society (eschatology).