Changes of Shangluo Customs and Habits

Looking back at history, we can clearly understand that Putian was founded by-> Fujian people; Fujian and Vietnam->; This historical process of the Han nationality determines the richness of her folk culture, which not only inherits and develops the ancient customs of the Min nationality and the Min-Yue nationality, but also accepts and integrates a large number of foreign customs and habits, especially after being included in the Han family, which makes it possible for her to enter the forest of famous etiquette. Therefore, from the overall perspective of Xinghua folk customs, there are both folk customs consistent with the Han nationality and unique customs and etiquette with distinctive regional characteristics.

Festival custom

Spring Festival Spring Festival is the biggest folk festival in Xinghua. Most relatives who are far away from home go back to their hometown to reunite with their families and enjoy family happiness. The Spring Festival lasts for five days, commonly known as "five years old". Its custom is:

On New Year's Eve, after midnight, every household will set off firecrackers, which is called "Ryan". On the first day of the first lunar month, every household worships their ancestors with noodles and "fumi" (dried rice); After the sacrifice, the noodles are cooked and each person has a bowl, which means "long life". When eating noodles, don't drink noodle soup at the first bite. There is a saying that "drink noodle soup early on the first day of the first month, and don't do it when you go out." After eating noodles, relatives and friends pay New Year greetings to each other, and the host pays New Year greetings to the guests with oranges, melon seeds, candy and "birthday noodles". On that day, people go to towns or mountain villages to visit places of interest, which is called a spring outing.

On the second day of the second lunar month, people are afraid to visit each other. This custom originated in the forty-first year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1562), when the enemy was trapped in the city and many people were killed. It was not until the first day of the first month that the thieves retired, and the refugees returned home to pick up their relatives and friends in distress. All the visitors were mourners. Therefore, this day became an unlucky day, and they were forbidden to communicate. However, anyone who has been to the first day of the month will not commit this taboo.

On the third day, because the second patio door was closed on the first day, it was not until early on the third day that the worship god opened the well door to draw water. The merchant who opened the shop opened the door early that day. On this day, the newly-married woman, accompanied by the groom, went back to her family to pay New Year's greetings. In Xianyou, this day is still "the tenth day", and friends and relatives are in an endless stream. Birthday gifts generally include noodles, eggs, fireworks, candles (women need pollen to make ten), cloth, shoes and hats, nave and so on. And the quantity is a little particular.

On the fourth night, I did "Older". This custom originated from the Japanese invasion of Xinghua, where people fled and did not spend their "old age" at home. On the first day of the following year, they returned home, buried their relatives and friends who died, and made up the "New Year's Eve" on the fourth day, commonly known as "Lao Nian". In Xianyou, it is the fifth day of "old".

The fifth day is the same as the first day. Everyone has a bowl of noodles for breakfast, and then they go for a spring outing or visit relatives and friends.

On the fifteenth day of the first month, it was called Shangyuan Festival in ancient times, commonly known as Lantern Festival, and it was also the end day of ancient folk drums (since December 16th). Lantern Festival is an important folk festival in Putian, which is bigger than the Spring Festival and lasts for a long time (because the time in each village is different, the earliest eighth day is the 29th day of the first month). Before liberation, on the Lantern Festival night, the village's palace society decorated lanterns, set up a "banquet table", folded cakes, and the villagers carried bodhisattva statues. The parade circled the country once, and the home was.

Case, when the procession passed by, they burned candles and incense, set off firecrackers, burned firewood and made "tributes" to pray for peace and happiness for a year, commonly known as "closing the line". After cleaning up the furniture, the housewives took the embers home and poured them into the stove, indicating that they would be more prosperous in the coming year. In the evening, lanterns, "brown sedan chairs" (jumping fire) and dragon and lion dances continued until dawn. Some villages also "make greenhouses" (several classes of actors perform large-scale historical dramas). Some villages celebrate the Lantern Festival in a very special way. For example, in Guangfuzai village on the outskirts of Chengxiang District, the festival is celebrated from 5 am to 6 am on the 13th day of the first month. Every household takes out a wok and "rakes" it in the yard, which is a holiday.

The second day of the second lunar month, commonly known as "February 2", is also called "head tooth". Because on the second and sixteenth day of every month, business owners will invite friends to have dinner in the evening to sacrifice to the gods, which is called rich food. This case began on the second day of February and ended on December 16th, hence the name. In the evening, bosses from all walks of life specially invited shop assistants and friends to get a dinner for Shoufu. Those who were not invited meant being "fired". Xianyou is the opening day of Mengguan (private school). On this day, parents wash and dress their children, carry a basket of fried rice flowers (commonly known as "ice mold") and stir-fry sugar beans. There are seven shallots and eight cloth buttons on the basket, which symbolizes the children's "seven clever eight tricks" and "smart flowers". Students went to the Mongolian Museum to pay homage to Mr. and Confucius and formally entered the school.

Before Tomb-Sweeping Day, people steamed "Qingming Turtle" with flour. On the day of the festival, people prepare sacrifices such as wine, fruit and "Qingming turtle" to go up the mountain to sweep the grave and express their condolences to their deceased relatives.

Dragon Boat Festival is one of the eight traditional festivals in Xinghua, which is very grand, long in time and rich in content. Usually, we eat cake on the first day, jiaozi on the second day, snails on the third day, peaches on the fourth day, mugwort and dragon boat rowing on the fifth day. Therefore, there is a proverb that "there are cakes on the first day, dumplings on the second day, snails on the third day, peaches on the fourth day and dragon boat rowing on the fifth day". On the fifth day, every family picks some herbs, draws water at noon, cooks grass soup at noon, bathes and changes clothes, and changes winter clothes into summer clothes. After a child takes a bath, wearing a sachet, a tiger covered with cloth smears realgar on his navel and eats eggs cooked with "afternoon grass essence", which can strengthen the body and get rid of diseases. The so-called afternoon grass is the grass being picked at noon on the fifth day. Actually, most of them were picked before noon. There are seven or eight kinds of plants such as iron awn, pomegranate leaf, bean leaf and bluegrass, and the boiled eggs are bright yellow. Cleaning the hall, spraying realgar water, adding atractylodes rhizome and orange peel with charcoal fire to suppress smoke and repel mosquitoes are also a major part of the Dragon Boat Festival. The most lively and interesting part of the Dragon Boat Festival is the dragon boat race. & ltdiv & gt Stir-fried candied beans and popcorn on the seventh day of July, which means "eat fried beans to spend the rest of your life safely". In the evening, people flocked to watch the cowherd and weaver girl meet in the sky. On this day, people rarely see magpies, saying that they are going to build a magpie bridge. Sometimes it rains at night. People say it's the tears when Cowherd and Weaver Girl meet.

The Mid-Autumn Festival on July 15, commonly known as "July 30th", is also called the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is an ancient folk festival to worship ancestors. Folk cooking "mint cake", "golden rice fruit", burning silver paper clothes and offering sacrifices to ancestors. If a married woman meets the death of her parents, she will prepare sacrifices and silver paper on 13, and give them back to her parents, commonly known as "paper for the first year", and then "paper delivery" on 14 every year. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), this custom was gradually abandoned.

On the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15, friends and relatives exchange gifts such as moon cakes, chestnuts and ginkgo biloba, which is called "sending autumn". In the evening, the family get together to eat fried rice noodles, taro, chestnuts and moon cakes, which have been passed down to this day.

The Double Ninth Festival in early September is commonly known as the Double Ninth Festival. Folk steamed nine layers of rice fruit.

The winter solstice festival is usually called the winter festival. The night before the festival, every household should "rub the ball" and insert spring, which is called silver ingot. I wish the whole family a reunion, a bumper harvest and a prosperous livestock. In the early winter, the whole family eats "brown sugar balls" and sticks them on the door frame, wishing them more than enough in the coming year. In the plain area, if there is a new funeral at home, glutinous rice flour will not be done, indicating that there is no intention to celebrate the festival during the funeral. His relatives will give him glutinous rice flour before the festival, and the host will give him ginger, white rice koji, malt cake, chopsticks, brown sugar and grains in return, indicating that he is not jealous of the feeder and wishes him a rich life. There is also the custom of sweeping graves on the solstice of winter.

New Year's Eve Lunar New Year's Eve is the biggest festival of the year, and everyone who goes out must go home for reunion. Putian people call New Year's Eve "being old". As the name implies, at the turn of this year, we celebrate the life of Nianfeng in the past year and wish all the best in the new year. Therefore, the Spring Festival usually begins on the 16th of the twelfth lunar month. On the day of "Tail Teeth", in the old society, the host gave a banquet to entertain employees, paid off their wages, and ended this year's employment contract. People's homes are busy buying new clothes for the New Year. Then choose sunny days for general cleaning, commonly known as "sweeping dust". On the 23rd, families prepared a ritual ceremony of "sending God", made "sending God cake" with flour, fried "rice fruit" and sent it to the kitchen for "going to heaven" and "reporting on work" (on the fourth day of the first month, it was called "welcoming back to the world"). After the kitchen was delivered, people chose to hang New Year pictures. There was a Redmi group that posted Spring Festival couplets every other day. Putian Spring Festival couplets have a unique place, that is, there is a pair of two-inch long white couplets on them, which is unique in China. According to legend, after the Qing soldiers entered the customs, the high-handed policy was implemented, and the people rose up and rebelled, forming a nationwide anti-Qing situation based on the South Shaolin Temple in Putian. The Qing court was angry with the people and killed innocent people. Many families put up white couplets to show their deep burial. It was the Spring Festival, and the Qing court forced the people to paste red couplets to decorate "the country is peaceful and the people are safe". When someone was forced to post a red couplet, he deliberately left a white couplet to show his grief. Then each family took effect, which became the custom of white-fronted Spring Festival couplets, and it has been until today.

On New Year's Eve, every family prepares Redmi group, red orange and other sacrifices to "say goodbye" to the gods. In the evening, the red candle in the hall has a high fever, and the family eats New Year's Eve together, commonly known as "surrounding the kitchen". Whoever doesn't go home will leave an empty seat at the dinner table. After that, there should be a "New Year's Eve" on the stove, and there should be a large piece of "fire treasure" in the stove chamber, which symbolizes prosperity every year. Then the elders give the younger generation "lucky money", the children set off firecrackers, and the family laughed and chatted for entertainment, commonly known as "keeping the old age".

As a middle-aged man, Putian has several special customs, that is, you can't eat fish on New Year's Eve (now it's not taboo), you can't draw lotus flowers in New Year's pictures, you can't drill wells on the first and second days of the first day, you should keep water in advance, and you can't take out garbage.

Before liberation, New Year's Eve was the last day for the poor to pay their debts, and debtors were afraid to spend the New Year at home. On this day, debtors go to the theater to escape their debts, and creditors dare not collect debts in front of Lord Huang Cheng.