What are the starring ways of ancient Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges?

In ancient times, cultural exchange was realized by signing invitations and giving away handicrafts, animals and plants, books and so on. This is also the most common channel.

Cultural exchange is an important condition for world cultural progress, and it is also an inherent requirement for promoting cultural globalization and diversity. Cultural exchange includes the exchange of personnel, the transplantation of products, the interaction of customs and habits such as food, clothing, housing and transportation, weddings and funerals, and the spread of ideas, religions, literature and art.