General logistics warehouse management process

General logistics warehouse management process

In normal study and life, everyone has no less knowledge points, right? Knowledge points are the focus of learning. In order to help you study more efficiently, the following are the common logistics and warehousing management processes I collected for you. Welcome to read the collection.

Warehouse management is the management of warehouses and materials in warehouses, and it is the planning, organization, control and coordination process for warehousing institutions to make full use of their warehousing resources and provide efficient warehousing services. Specifically, warehousing management (link: warehousing management training) includes acquisition of warehousing resources, warehousing business management, warehousing process management, warehousing operation management, storage management, safety management and related operations.

1. Order processing: the transaction in the logistics center starts with the customer's consultation and the report of the business department, and then the order is received. The business department inquires about the inventory status, loading and unloading quantity, distribution processing quantity, packaging quantity and distribution quantity on the delivery date and replies to the customer. When the order cannot be delivered according to the customer's requirements, the business department will coordinate. Because the logistics center generally does not collect money with the goods, but settles after a period of time, the business personnel will still check whether the customer's credit limit has been exceeded according to the company's credit status while processing the order data. In addition, in a specific period of time, the business personnel still count the number of orders in that period of time, and adjust the delivery procedures and quantities of goods and distribution. The processing of returned data should also be carried out at this stage. In addition, the business department also formulated the calculation method of the report, managed the historical data of the report, and set the minimum order quantity, order method or deadline of the order.

2. Procurement: Due to the acceptance of the transaction order, the logistics center has to place an order with the supplier or manufacturer due to the supply requirements. The content of purchasing operation includes obtaining statistical data from the quantity of goods, inquiring about the transaction situation of suppliers, and then putting forward purchase orders according to the quantity we set and the economic order quantity provided by suppliers. After the purchase order is issued, follow up the purchase.

3. Incoming goods: After the purchase order is issued, the purchaser can follow up and urge the incoming goods to be put into storage. At the same time, the warehouse administrator can schedule the warehousing operation and the warehousing platform according to the scheduled warehousing date on the purchase order, and then check the warehousing data and warehousing quality inspection when the goods are put into storage on the same day to check whether the warehousing goods are consistent with the contents of the purchase order, and make appropriate corrections or treatments when the items or quantities are inconsistent, and record the warehousing data. The warehouse administrator can specify unloading and pallet stacking in some way. For the goods returned by customers, they are also put into storage after the return inspection and classification.

Generally speaking, there are two modes of operation: warehousing and palletizing. One is to put the goods in storage on the shelves, wait for delivery, and then deliver them when necessary. When goods are put into storage, computers or managers will specify the storage location according to the principles of warehouse area planning and management or the life cycle of goods, or log in the storage location after goods are put into storage, so as to facilitate future inventory management or shipment inquiry. The other way is direct delivery, when the manager sends the goods to the designated delivery terminal or temporary storage place according to the delivery requirements. In the process of warehousing and handling, managers choose handling tools, dispatch personnel and arrange the work schedule of tools and personnel.

4. Inventory management Inventory management operations include warehouse area management and inventory quantity control. The management of the warehouse area includes the layout, area and regional distribution of goods in the warehouse area; The control of goods in and out of the warehouse follows: first in first out or last in first out; The formulation of import and export methods includes: the handling tools and methods used for goods; Adjustment and change of storage location in storage area. For the control of inventory quantity, the purchase quantity and time are determined according to the outbound quantity and warehousing time of general goods, and the purchase time early warning system is established. Make inventory method, print inventory list for a certain period, check inventory quantity, correct inventory account book according to inventory list, and make inventory loss report. The management of warehouse area includes the use and maintenance of containers.

5. Replenishment and picking: From the statistics of customer order data, we can know the real demand of goods. On the delivery day, when the inventory is sufficient to meet the delivery demand, we can print the delivery picking list and various picking instructions according to the demand, and plan the layout of the picking area, select tools and deploy personnel. Shipment picking includes not only picking operations, but also the replenishment of goods on the shelves, so that picking operations can be carried out smoothly and there is no shortage, including the determination of replenishment level and replenishment time, the progress of replenishment operations and the deployment of replenishment workers.

6. Distribution processing: Before the goods are sent from the logistics center, they can be distributed in the logistics center. In the operation of logistics center, distribution processing is the easiest way to increase the added value of goods. Distribution processing includes classification, weighing, unpacking, repackaging, labeling and combined packaging of goods. In order to achieve perfect distribution processing, it is necessary to implement the management of packaging materials and containers, the formulation of combined packaging rules, the selection of packaging tools in distribution processing, the scheduling of jobs in distribution processing and the scheduling of operators.

7. Handling of delivery operation: After the goods are picked up and delivered, the goods can be delivered. The main contents of the shipping operation include printing shipping documents according to the customer's order data, making shipping plans, printing shipping batch reports, required address labels on the shipped goods, and shipping lists. The dispatcher decides the distribution mode, selects the goods collection tools, dispatches the goods collection workers, and decides the size and quantity of transport vehicles. The warehouse manager or delivery manager decides the planning and layout of the delivery area and how to place the delivered goods.

8. Distribution: The physical operation of distributing goods includes loading goods and real-time distribution. In order to realize these operations, it is necessary to plan the division of distribution areas or the arrangement of distribution routes in advance, determine the loading order of goods by the selection order of distribution routes, and track and control the goods and deal with emergencies in the distribution process.

9. Accounting: After the goods are delivered out of the warehouse, the sales department can make accounts receivable according to the delivery data and transfer the accounts to the accounting department as the receipt voucher. After the goods are purchased and put into storage, the receiving department will make statistics on the goods put into storage for the supplier's payment application review. The accounting department prepares various financial statements for reference in formulating business policies and management.

10. Operation management and performance management In addition to the above-mentioned physical operation of the logistics center, the good operation of the logistics center should also be based on the higher-level managers to realize the efficiency management of the logistics center through various assessments and formulate good operational decisions and policies. For operation management and performance management, employees or middle managers can provide all kinds of information and reports, including shipment sales statistics, customer's response report to delivery service, delivery times and time report, delivery error rate, warehouse shortage rate analysis, inventory loss rate report, machinery and equipment damage and maintenance report, fuel consumption analysis, hiring personnel, machinery and equipment cost analysis, return statistics report and worker utilization analysis.

Cost management of warehousing logistics

1 saving principle

Saving is the saving of manpower, material resources and financial resources, the core of improving economic benefits, the requirement of doing things according to objective economic laws and a basic principle of controlling costs. Under the guidance of this principle, we must establish a new concept of storage cost management: it should not only be passive restriction and supervision, but also active guidance and intervention.

In order to thoroughly implement the principle of saving, we must shift the focus of cost control to the pre-control before the cost occurs, make a good economic forecast, fully tap the saving potential within the warehousing enterprises, carefully calculate everywhere, and strive to increase and reduce costs. Only in this way can we eliminate losses and waste in advance, achieve "nip in the bud" and effectively play the role of feedforward control.

2 the principle of comprehensiveness

Implementing the principle of comprehensiveness in storage cost management mainly has the following two meanings.

(1). Total cost management

Cost is a comprehensive economic index, which relates to the work performance of all departments and employees in an enterprise. In order to reduce costs and improve efficiency, we must fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of each department and every employee and attach importance to cost control. Of course, mobilizing the masses to participate in cost management is not to abolish or weaken the full-time institutions and professionals who manage costs, but to require everyone, everything and all the time to manage costs on the basis of professional cost management and according to fixed standards or budgets. Only in this way can we plug all loopholes and put an end to waste.

②. Whole process cost management

In modern society, we should give full play to the integration of logistics and strengthen the cost management of warehousing and other links. In other words, the scope of cost management should run through the whole process of cost formation. Practice has proved that only when the product life cycle cost is effectively controlled can the cost be significantly reduced, and only in this way can the cost be truly saved from the perspective of the whole society.

3. The principle of combining responsibility, right and benefit.

In order to make warehousing cost management play a real role, we must strictly follow the requirements of economic responsibility system and implement the principle of combining responsibility, right and benefit. It should be pointed out that in the economic responsibility system, controlling the responsibility cost is the obligation of each member and also a kind of power. Obviously, if the responsible unit does not have this power, it cannot be controlled. For example, any cost responsibility center has certain standards or budgets. If they are required to complete the responsibility of cost control, they must be given the right to decide whether a certain expense can be spent within the prescribed scope. Without this power, of course, there is no cost control. In addition, in order to fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of each cost responsibility center in cost control, it is necessary to evaluate and examine its performance regularly, and closely link it with employees' own economic interests, so that rewards and punishments are clear.

4 the principle of management by objectives

Management by objectives refers to the management of human resources, material resources, financial resources and various important economic indicators based on established goals. Cost management is an important content of target management. It must be based on the target cost, as a criterion to limit and guide the economic activities of enterprises, and strive to achieve the best economic and social benefits at the least cost. Because the target cost is the cost to be achieved as a goal, the target cost cannot be set only according to the specific situation of the enterprise (such as existing equipment conditions, business ability, technical level, historical cost data, etc.). ), but also take into account the external conditions of enterprises (such as national financial policies, market supply and demand, cost information of similar departments in the same industry at home and abroad, etc. ), and then adopt special methods and strategies of cost management to formulate the best target cost.

5 the principle of exception management

"Exception management" is a special method used in the daily control of enterprise management, especially in the daily control of cost indicators.

Daily cost control is mainly through the analysis of various cost differences, so as to find problems, tap the potential of reducing costs, and put forward specific measures to improve work or correct deficiencies. All these key differences between anomalies and unconventional are called anomalies.

The task of warehousing cost management

Storage cost management is to realize the storage function in the most economical way, that is, how to minimize the investment on the premise of ensuring the realization of the storage function. The task of warehousing cost management is to analyze the logistics operation of enterprises economically, understand the economic phenomena in the logistics process, and create the maximum logistics benefits with the lowest logistics cost. In many enterprises, warehousing cost is an important part of the total logistics cost, which has a great influence on the level of logistics cost. At the same time, the inventory level maintained by enterprise logistics system plays an important role in the service level provided by enterprises for production or customers. Storage cost management must be based on ensuring service level.

Contents of storage cost management

The essence of warehousing cost management is to reduce investment as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the realization of warehousing functions. This is a question of the relationship between input and output, and it is also a question of pursuing the rationality of storage cost input.

"Contradiction of interests" is a basic law that exists universally in logistics activities. Undeniably, warehousing, as a necessary activity, is determined by its own characteristics, which often reduces the benefit of logistics system and worsens the operation of logistics system, so it has a "reverse" effect on social and economic activities. This effect is mainly caused by unreasonable storage and the quality change and value loss of stored goods during storage.

Unreasonable storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, unreasonable storage technology; Second, the storage management and organization are unreasonable. Its manifestations mainly include:

① The storage time is too long;

② The storage capacity is too large;

③ The storage capacity is too low;

④ Insufficient or excessive storage conditions;

⑤. The storage structure is unbalanced.

The possible quality changes of commodities during storage are mainly caused by storage time, environment, operation and other factors. The forms of quality change mainly include physical and mechanical changes (physical existence, leakage, odor, breakage, deformation, etc. ), chemical changes (decomposition and hydrolysis, hydration, corrosion, aging, combination, polymerization, etc. ), biochemical changes, and all kinds of biological invasion (rats, pests, ants).

Various commodities may also lose value during storage, such as dull loss, time value loss, high storage cost and so on.

These unreasonable storage and the quality change and value loss of storage objects in the storage process will inevitably lead to the increase of storage costs, which makes enterprise managers must strengthen storage cost management from all aspects.

The Significance of Storage Cost Management

As a part of logistics cost management, warehousing cost management also has a broad space to reduce costs in the field of logistics. Therefore, the cost management of warehousing logistics has attracted the general attention of enterprise managers.

1 Storage cost management is an important part of logistics cost management.

Reducing storage cost and improving storage service level are the most basic tasks of enterprise storage management. The significance of warehousing cost management lies in: scientifically and reasonably organizing warehousing activities by effectively grasping warehousing costs, using the contradictory relationship between warehousing and logistics elements, strengthening the effective control of expenses in the process of warehousing activities, and reducing the consumption of materialized labor and living labor in warehousing activities, thus achieving the purpose of reducing the total warehousing cost and improving the economic benefits of enterprises and society.

2 Reduce inventory risk through warehousing control

Except for large-scale equipment and buildings assembled on site, it is difficult to achieve the goal of complete shortage of most general products. Raw materials for the production of general commodities need to be properly and safely stored, which is an important means to ensure stable production and promote sales, and also an important emergency means to prevent accidents such as traffic jams, force majeure and accidents from damaging logistics. And inventory means that the capital cost of stagnant capital operation will increase, and there will be risks such as loss and waste. Risk is reduced through inventory control, which usually includes inventory control, arrangement of storage points, supplementary control and work arrangement. Using inventory control to reduce costs is one of the important contents of logistics management.

3 warehousing activities help to reduce the logistics cost of the system

The logistics cost of the system is allocated in the specific operation process, which is divided into storage cost, transportation cost, activity cost and risk cost. Storage cost is an important part of logistics cost, and it is also the control link of overall management of logistics cost. The control and reduction of storage cost directly realizes the reduction of logistics cost. The combination of products in storage, correct stowage, circulation, packaging and grouping. Distribution processing is to improve loading and unloading efficiency, make full use of transportation tools, and thus reduce transportation costs. Reasonable and accurate storage will reduce the replacement and flow of goods and reduce the number of operations; Mechanized and automated warehousing operations are conducive to reducing operating costs. Excellent warehouse management can effectively keep and maintain goods, accurately control the quantity and greatly reduce the risk cost.

4 through warehousing activities to achieve logistics value-added services

Excellent logistics management should not only satisfy product sales and reduce product costs, but also provide value-added services and increase product sales revenue. The value of product sales mainly comes from the improvement of product quality, the expansion of functions, the time value of aging, the market value of Fengpinggu and the value-added personalized service. Many logistics value-added services are carried out in warehousing. Through distribution and processing, we can improve product quality, change functions and realize product personalization. Through the time control of warehousing, the production rhythm and consumption rhythm are synchronized, and the time utility value of logistics management is realized. Personalized consumer services are provided by integrating the goods in the warehouse.

5. Balance the occupation of enterprise liquidity through warehousing activities.

Raw materials, in-process products and finished products of industrial enterprises, and commodities of commercial enterprises are the main occupation parts of working capital. Inventory control is actually the control of working capital, and inventory control is to balance the overall occupation of working capital of enterprises. Because, by increasing the order batch, we can reduce the order cost and transportation cost, maintain a certain amount of reproduction and raw materials, reduce the number of production exchanges and improve work efficiency. The cost management of warehousing logistics is to seek the best match between the above two, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing logistics funds.

The Position and Function of Warehouse Management in Logistics

First, the position of warehousing management in logistics

In a sense, warehousing management occupies a core position in logistics management. From the history of logistics development, we can see that the research of logistics began with solving the "bullwhip effect", that is, in the process of multi-link circulation, because there are errors in forecasting the demand of each link, with the increase of circulation links, the errors are amplified, and the inventory deviates from the actual final demand more and more, which leads to the increase of storage cost and market risk. The way to solve this problem is to start with the study of reasonable safety inventory, and end with the change of technology and the establishment of centralized distribution center, so as to change the production mode, implement order production, change static inventory management into dynamic JIT distribution, and achieve the purpose of reducing inventory quantity and cycle. In this process, although warehouses are becoming more and more concentrated, the service scope covered by each warehouse is getting bigger and bigger, the goods handled by warehouses are getting more and more, and the operation is getting more and more complicated, but the storage cycle is getting shorter and shorter, and the trend of decreasing costs has not changed. According to the statistics of developed countries, the development history of modern logistics is a history in which the proportion of inventory cost in total logistics cost is gradually decreasing.

From many microscopic cases, warehousing management has become the core link of supply chain management. This is because warehousing always appears at the junction of logistics links, such as between purchasing and production, between primary processing and finishing of production, between production and sales, between wholesale and retail, between different modes of transportation and so on. Warehousing is the manifestation of the imbalance in all aspects of logistics, and warehousing is also a means to solve this imbalance. Warehousing links concentrate all the contradictions in the integration of upstream and downstream processes, and warehousing management is to realize the integration of logistics processes. If the position of warehouse management in logistics is described in the language of operational research, it can be said that under the condition of constrained transportation conditions, the optimal inventory (including layout) scheme is sought as a control means to achieve the goal of the lowest total cost of logistics. In many specific cases, the integration and optimization of logistics actually comes down to the scheme design and operation control of warehousing.

It must be explained here that the biggest difference between traditional logistics and modern logistics is also reflected in the inventory link. Based on the business model of charging storage fees, the traditional warehousing industry hopes that its warehouses will always be full, which runs counter to the purpose of logistics. Modern logistics takes it as its responsibility to integrate processes and coordinate upstream and downstream, and the less static inventory, the better. Its business model is also based on the evaluation of the total cost of logistics. Because these two kinds of warehouse management have essential differences in business models, it is difficult to distinguish them in specific operations such as warehousing, warehousing, sorting and tally, so we must pay attention to their similarities and differences when analyzing and studying, and these similarities and differences will also be reflected in the structure of the information system.

Second, the main content of warehouse management

The content of warehousing management should include three parts: layout design of warehousing system, optimal inventory control and warehousing operation. This is a three-level problem, which is interrelated.

Warehouse system layout is the top-level design and the core of supply chain design. It is through the layout design of the hub that a complex and chaotic logistics system is transformed into a model of "trunk transportation+regional distribution", and the hub is a distribution center based on warehouses. In the design of the corresponding information system, it shows the mode of "joint database management", which is divided into three categories: centralized, distributed and hybrid, among which the selection and design of distribution center is the key to the whole system layout. This part of the content is usually not included in WMS, but its adaptability and universality to layout changes will also become an important basis for customers to choose WMS.

The optimal control part of inventory is to determine the business model of the warehouse, that is, to determine the management objectives and management model of the warehouse (according to the requirements of the upper design). If it is the implementation link and cost center in the supply chain, it is based on service quality and operating cost, and pursues reasonable inventory or even zero inventory; If it is an independent accounting profit center, it is a completely different goal and management model. In addition to service quality and operating costs, we are more concerned about profit accounting. Therefore, billing system and customer relationship management have become extremely important components, because marketing strategies and tactics have been solidified in the billing system.

The operation of warehousing operation is the most basic part, and it is also the most important part of all WMS. Because of this, the information part of warehousing operation has become a symbol that WMS is different from other management software such as invoicing and ERP. This part of the content should be implemented as a workflow according to the control target and management mode determined by the previous layer, and it should be connected with the automatic control system of many special storage devices, so it is the most complicated part in technology. The biggest gap between domestic WMS and foreign advanced storage software may be here, and the market price will differ by dozens or even hundreds of times, which is also the truth.

Third, the application of WMS in China

Warehouse Management System (WMS) is a concrete form of warehouse management informatization, and its application in China is still in its infancy. At present, there is a dual structure in China's market: the high-end market represented by multinational companies or a few domestic advanced enterprises has a high proportion of WMS applications, and the system is also concentrated in mainstream brands that are basically mature abroad; The low-end market represented by domestic enterprises mainly applies WMS products developed in China. Based on the excellent cases of logistics informatization collected by China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, this paper analyzes the general situation of WMS in domestic enterprises from the perspective of application.

The first category is the application system based on typical distribution center business, which can be seen in sales logistics, such as the distribution center of chain supermarkets, and also in supply logistics, such as the spare parts distribution center of production enterprises. The modern logistics center of Beijing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is such a typical example. The goal of the system is to implement the national drug logistics management control standard GSP, optimize the process and improve efficiency. The system functions include purchasing management, inventory management, order management, picking, acceptance, distribution, RF terminal management, basic information management of goods and cargo spaces and other functional modules; Through networking and digitalization, the level of library work control and task arrangement can be improved. The system has shortened the delivery time by 50%, and the order processing capacity has more than doubled, which has achieved remarkable social benefits and become a model of medical logistics. This system is mainly used for supply chain management in manufacturing or distribution industry, and it is also the most common type of WMS.

What warehousing management knowledge should e-commerce logistics practitioners know?

Why warehouse management?

1. Warehouse is the turnover center of logistics activities.

Warehousing connects procurement, production and sales. In fact, besides production, sales, procurement and finance, warehousing is also responsible for two things: one is called recycling logistics and the other is called waste logistics. Recycling is also the work of warehousing, some of which are abandoned, that is, some things become waste products, waste materials, old materials and scraps after being used for a long time, and worthless things should be disposed of quickly. Many enterprises think that warehouses are not enough, but in fact, in most cases there are too many overstocked items, and some of the overstocked items are waste products that should be disposed of quickly. This job belongs to a warehouse employee.

2. Warehousing integrates the functions of storage, classification, storage, processing and transshipment.

The goal of warehouse management is fast, accurate, economical and safe. The so-called economy is to control costs, give priority to prevention, and safety is the most basic requirement.

3. Storage should be centralized

Once centralized, the freight rate can be controlled; Once centralized, storage costs can be controlled.

4. Another function of warehousing is to adjust the product differences in the off-season.

Both the peak season and the off-season need storage to adjust.

5. Adjust the time to fill the vacancy

In case the quality is unstable, you can exchange the goods. In case the demand cannot be met in time, you should replenish the goods. It is necessary to ensure that the production line does not stop and refuel, and that there are goods to sell at the point of sale, otherwise it will directly affect the brand image, and the purpose of filling the vacancy is to promote sales.

Three principles of warehouse preparation

There is no warehouse to be built. After it is built, it should be constantly improved and adhere to the three principles.

1. The material warehouse should be as close to the production line as possible.

If the material warehouse is too far away from the production line, the transportation distance and time will be lengthened, which will affect the production cycle of the product.

2. The finished product warehouse should be as close to the point of sale as possible.

As the old saying goes, the soldiers and horses did not move, and the food and grass went first. The grain and grass are fighting, and the grain and grass need warehouse management. Therefore, if the grain and grass are too far away from the front line, the combat effectiveness will be weakened, so the warehouse should be as close to the sales point as possible.

3. Try to avoid using elevators in the warehouse.

The best warehouse is bungalow warehouse. Why can't I use the elevator? When using the elevator, the speed is slow and it is easy to stumble when using the elevator. No bungalow requires a more reasonable layout.

Generally, warehouses are not placed in urban areas, but in suburban counties and next to major traffic routes, with fast transportation and cheap land.

What is the essence of green warehouse?

What is a green warehouse? Green warehouse is consistent with the greening advocated now. The biggest harm to human body in the warehouse is noise, which is sometimes more serious than pollution.

1 noise pollution

A warehouse with noise within six or seven decibels can be called a green warehouse. Most warehouses did not pay attention to the noise problem when they began to consider the certification of environmental management standard ISO 14000. The warehouse will not be very noisy on the main road, and it will be inconvenient if it is not on the main road. Regarding noise control, the warehouses of many domestic enterprises have played environmental protection music.

2. Air pollution

When building a warehouse, we should pay attention to all kinds of pollution, besides noise, there is also air pollution, which has been noticed in China. There are two kinds of air pollution in the warehouse:

Controllable: the warehouse staff should try to control the parts that they can control, such as keeping clean, cleaning the dust on the shelves, and paying attention to thoroughly removing the dust by scientific methods.

Uncontrollable: uncontrollable. For example, some warehouses are located in heavily polluted areas, and there is no way to solve the pollution of the big environment for the time being, but the protection of the small environment can be done as much as possible.

Sometimes a third party will participate in the inventory of listed companies, and they may come to take photos and participate in the inventory of warehousing. At this time, the warehouse staff represents the image of a company, so we should pay attention to the green issue.

;