Where are the Miao people distributed, what do they do, whether they have a language, what are the major festivals and how many?

1 mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guangxi and other provinces (regions). Miaoling Mountain and Wuling Mountain, where Miao people live together, have mild climate, and are surrounded by mountains and waters, with large and small dams scattered all over the place. Due to historical disasters, about 90% of the Miao population is mainly distributed in China, and there are also a considerable number of Miao people in Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, the United States, France and Australia.

There are many people engaged in agriculture, civil servants, writers, artists and politicians.

3. Text:

Miao language belongs to the branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Miao dialect can be roughly divided into three major dialects, seven sub-dialects, and 18 dialects of Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Xiangxi Dialect (Eastern Dialect) is mainly used in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Songtao Miao Autonomous County in Northeast Guizhou, Enshi in Hubei, Xuanen, Laifeng, Hefeng, Xiushan in Chongqing, Youyang and Pengshui, and is divided into five dialects. Guizhou Oriental Dialect (Central Dialect) is mainly used in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Rongshui Miao Autonomous County and Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County in Guangxi, Jingzhou and Huitong County in Hunan, Anshun area in Guizhou, and some Miao areas in Southwest Guizhou and Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. There are five dialects. Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan dialect (western dialect) is mainly used in central, western, southern and northern Guizhou, southern Sichuan, northern Guizhou and Yunnan Province, and is divided into eight dialect areas. In addition, some Miao people speak Chinese, Dong, Yao, Buyi, Zhuang and other national languages. Although there are some differences among dialects, sub-dialects and dialects of Miao language, the similarity still accounts for more than 60%. Legend has it that Miao people used to have characters in ancient times, but they were later lost. These legends are hard to prove now. At the beginning of the 20th century, some Miao intellectuals created some square characters for the development of Miao culture and education, such as Fang Miaowen created by Shibantang in western Hunan, shorthand Miao Wen created by Shi Qigui, Miao Wen textbook compiled by Songtao Long Shaohua in Guizhou, etc. Some foreign missionaries also created some Miao Wen for missionary purposes. However, due to various conditions, these Miao prose has not been popularized among Miao people. "Ancient Songs of Miao Nationality" records that the ancestors of Miao nationality were easily exposed to the enemy because they escaped the secrets of war and national cultural migration, and had to burn and erase their words. Only a few intellectuals lost their words when they died, leaving only the words written on their clothes. At the end of 1950s, Miao people began to create Latin phonetic characters. Nowadays, most people use Chinese. Miao people have a long history of music and dance, and Lusheng dance, which is deeply loved by the masses, is highly skilled. After the founding of New China, the Party and the government organized a large number of Miao linguists, including Miao scholars, to conduct a general survey of the national Miao language, reform the "old Miao Wen", and created the Latin Pinyin Miao Wen in three dialects, which was popularized among the Miao people. In addition, the Miao people in Southeast Asia used the Latin pinyin Miao Wen invented by French missionaries and gradually developed into an "international Miao Wen". Nowadays, many Miao people hold an exclusive attitude towards Latin Miao Wen, preferring to use homophonic Chinese characters to express Miao language. However, not only can Chinese characters not accurately express the pronunciation of Miao language, but its essence is also to express Miao language with Chinese Pinyin. This situation is related to the fact that Miao people in China are more accustomed to square characters. But now the mission of inheriting Miao language is imminent, and Latin is undoubtedly the most intuitive, convenient and accurate language to express Miao pronunciation. 4. Festivals: There are many Miao festivals, such as Zhaolong Festival, Miao Year Festival, Zang Festival, Eating Year Festival and Mountaineering Festival. Miao nationality is rich in ancient civilization and pays attention to etiquette. The 20-year-old festival is unique and distinctive. Miao traditional festivals are divided into: 1. Farming festival; Material exchange festival; 3. Festivals for men and women to socialize, fall in love and choose their spouses; 4. Sacrificial festivals; 5. Commemorate and celebrate festivals. In chronological order, a year is divided into twelve months, and each month has more than one festival. 1-15th (from the first child day to the second cloudy day) of the lunar month, in which1day is the day of the year, and the Miao people do not go out (far away); The 1 ugly day is the annual festival of the earth. During the period from 1 ugly day to the second ugly day (2- 14), people visited relatives and friends, congratulated each other on the New Year, sang duets, played with dragon lanterns and played with lions. The second day of the second lunar month (15) is the last year (burning dragon lanterns). The first ugly day of the partial moon (bull moon or ugly moon) is the friendship day, also known as the dragon head festival. Miao people sacrifice to the land gods and collect dragons safely. The first day of June+10 (Tiger Moon or silver moon) in 5438 was a festival of material exchange and social interaction between men and women (China called the Third Street Festival on March). The first Sunday in February (Rabbit Month or Uzuki) is the Ox King's Day (called April 8th in China), when men and women get together to celebrate the Buddha's birthday. The first and second days of March (Dragon Moon or Chen Yue) are the Dragon Boat Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival respectively. The Dragon Boat Festival was later called Qu Yuan Festival, also known as Qu Yuan Festival and Songshi Festival, in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan (whose surname is Qu Shi). April 1 day (Snake Moon or Mitsuki) is the Dragon Festival (called June 6th and June Field in China), and it is also a new eating festival (barley ripening). The 1 sub-day in May (horse month or noon month) is the Small Year Festival (called Seven Sisters in Miao language, namely the Big Dipper). The second day of June is the Duck Festival, and the second day is the Mid-Autumn Festival. July 1 Shenri (Monkey Moon or Shenyue) is the wine festival (harvesting glutinous rice to make sweet wine and rice wine). August (chicken moon or full moon) is a festival of sacrifice (mainly for ancestor worship, eating pigs, jumping incense, mourning, Anlong and other activities). ). September (dog month or full moon) hunting festival, choose a day to worship the three gods of Meishan and start hunting. 10 (Year of the Pig or Haiyue) is the festival of eating pigs and soaking pigs (killing pigs in that year), the festival of kitchen gods (offering sacrifices to kitchen gods) and New Year's Eve (called October Miao Spring Festival in Chinese). In addition, due to different branches and regional cultural differences, Miao people also have some festivals unique to their own branches, such as Huashan Festival. 5. Population: In the census of China in 20 10, the total population of Miao people in China was 9,426,007. Source: /view/2725.htm? Fr = Aladdin #4