Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional festivals - Masterpieces reading handbook
Masterpieces reading handbook
"Fansing - Spring Water" is recognized as the highest achievement of small poems, known as "Fansing" and "Spring Water" by Mao Dun. It embodies the theme of: mother's love, nature, childlike innocence, and constructs Bing Xin's kernel of thought, "Philosophy of Love".
"Spring Water" is the sister of "Stars", consisting of 182 small poems. It was also the first to be published in the Morning Post, but Spring Water came out three months later.
In Spring Water, although Bing Xin still celebrates mother's love, affection, children's hearts, and nature, she uses more space to express her own and her generation of young intellectuals' worries and bitterness in a subtle way. She used a gentle tone with a touch of sadness to describe the feelings in her heart, and at the same time, she was also exploring the meaning of life and expressing the desire to recognize the true nature of the world.
Ice Xin, with her unique feminine tenderness, used fresh and beautiful language to write two collections of poems, Flourishing Stars and Spring Water, and formed a unique artistic style. First, the strong philosophical is "Fanshing", "Spring Water" a major artistic feature. Many of the poems in The Flourishing Star and Spring Water are philosophical poems that contain profound thoughts. These profound thoughts are often kneaded together with the concrete images depicted in the poems and the poet's deep thoughts, thus still possessing the mood of poetry and the beauty of poetry. Secondly, tenderness is another remarkable feature of Bing Xin's poetry. Bing Xin's poems show a kind of female tenderness everywhere. With her lyrical style of "full of tenderness and sadness", she sings of pure love and depicts the beauty of nature with deep and strong feelings; at the same time, she also expresses her condemnation of certain social evil phenomena in a unique way. Thirdly, the words are gentle and elegant, the rhymes are natural, and the mood is beautiful and clear. The use of words and phrases in The Stars and Spring Water seems to be a snap, revealing a gentle and elegant style everywhere.
"Bingxin body" small poems in the poets of imitation, very popular for a few years. Liu Dabai, Guo Shaoyu, Ye Shaodun, Xu Yunuo, Zong Baihua, etc., have created a lot of small poems with their own characteristics. These small poems, with their real and concise words, implicitly expressed the poets' unique interest in ordinary things and the change of their feelings in a split second. Together with Bing Xin's small poems, they form a cluster of crystalline and distant stars that will forever shine on the path of new poetry development.
[edit]Background
As a famous poet of the May Fourth Era, Bing Xin's poems' names are linked with "Flourishing Stars" and "Spring Water". The 164 poems of "The Flourishing Stars" **** and the 182 poems of "Spring Water" were mainly published in the "Morning Post Supplement" in 1922, and the small poems were not individually titled, but only arranged according to the serial number.In 1923, the two groups of poems were collected successively, and published by the Commercial Press and the Xinchao Society respectively. At that time, it caused a strong reaction.
Ice Xin's novels and essays have won a wide readership and many accolades, and it has been noted that this newcomer to the literary world has the talent of a poet. But her own intention to do poetry, or because of the Morning Post Supplement reporter Sun Fuyuan's encouragement. He put Bingxin a poetic miscellaneous feelings, line in the poetry column, so that Bingxin was greatly encouraged, determined to open their own hearts and poetry column of the line of the column, specialized in poets, with the form of poetry to explore the life of the pick.
Bing Xin later recalled the scene when she first wrote the poem. In her most inquisitive time, the class class read all kinds of books and newspapers greedily, encountered their own favorite sentences, on the three words crookedly copied in the notebook on the eyebrow, so used to do, sometimes also put their own anytime and anywhere miscellaneous feelings and memories written on, the days are more, the number is also considerable. Although roughly three or five lines, but behind these three or five lines, there are always some things related to personal experience, see these words, will recall a very intimate and very real scene, can not afford to throw away.
At this time, she happened to be in a magazine, see Zheng Zhenduo's translation of Tagore's "Birds of a Feather" serial, are full of poetic and philosophical words and phrases. She was moved to think that she could also organize and transcribe those three words she had jotted down on the brow notes of her notebook. When copying, she chose those more poetic, more subtle, put together, because it is fragmentary thoughts, so she chose one of the paragraph, starting with the word "star", put in the first part, named "star".
Many critics at the time also believed that Bing Xin was influenced by Tagore. But perhaps it is more accurate to say that she discovered her own poetry under the inspiration of Tagore, and the real source lies in those "fragmented thoughts" of her own.
Zheng Zhenduo's view is more comprehensive, he believes that, in addition to Tagore, Bing Xin was also influenced by the classical poems on the stanzas, small orders. Bing Xin was 10 years old when she read the "Analects of Confucius", Tang poetry, "crazy love of poetry", look at the rhyme, learning couplets, but also outside the classroom to do two of the seven jingles, obstinately sent to the Mr. "corrected corrected," the profound poetry is the reason for her success in the creation of small poems. Her profound knowledge of poetry was one of the reasons for her success in composing small poems. In addition, Zhou Zuoren's translation of the Japanese short haiku, widely circulated, Bingxin's influence is also quite a lot.
The Flourishing Stars and Spring Water are the confluence of Bing Xin's flashes of inspiration in the process of exploring life, which contains her knowledge and understanding of the true meaning of life, and contains a fruitful philosophy. Capturing the flashes of inspiration and condensing them into short poems, these are "Flourishing Stars" and "Spring Water". The poems were later published in the "New Literature and Art" column of the Morning Post, and were collected into "Fanshing" and "Spring Water", which were published successively in 1923. These more than 300 untitled aphoristic free-form poems, in a natural and harmonious tone, express the author's feelings about natural scenery and philosophical thoughts about life, and glorify mother's love, love of mankind, and nature; they are short in length, with a clear and elegant style and a meaningful meaning, and they show the unique ideological and aesthetic sense of the female writer, which is very unique and distinctive in the new poetic world of the "May Fourth". It was unique and influential in the new poetic world of "May Fourth". She was paradoxically called: "A piece of ice heart is at peace, a thousand years of childishness will live forever."
[Editor's note]Introduction
Published in 1923, The Flourishing Star is Bing Xin's first collection of poems, which are mostly beautiful and crystalline poems celebrating nature, motherly love, childlike innocence, and the love of mankind. These are the natural brew of the poet's life, feelings and thoughts. Bing Xin's childhood is nestled in the embrace of nature growth. Her pure soul in the blue sky and the sea and mother's love soaked in the young girl by the Chinese traditional education and the western church school of the profound penitentiary, so the mother's love, human love and natural love of love philosophy, will be strengthened and divinized, and the stormy "May Fourth" patriotic movement and the new cultural movement, and make her subject to a brand new The stormy "May Fourth" patriotic movement and the New Culture Movement have baptized her with a new consciousness of "politics". The collision of Eastern and Western cultures will naturally produce sparks in her life and thoughts.
Ice Xin's poems are very rich in content, far from the "philosophy of love" all inclusive. Her unrhymed poems are aspiring, pursuing, loving, hating, dreaming, generally hazy, disillusioned, each small poem for different readers, giving the feeling will be different due to different experiences, knowledge, experience, artistic cultivation and different. Therefore, her poems give people different aesthetic enjoyment. Only real poems have such artistic power. Artistically, "Flourishing Stars" and "Spring Water" take the advantages of both classical Chinese poems and Tagore's philosophical poems, and they are good at capturing the inspiration of the moment, and expressing the inner feelings and thoughts in a few words, which are short in form but long in meaning. Especially in the language, fresh and elegant and crystal clear and beautiful, understandable and long rhyme, has a unique artistic charm.
Reading Suggestions
Recitation is the main. Mobilize your own life experience, develop association and imagination, enter the poem's situation, chew the wonderful language, and understand the thoughts and feelings hidden in the poem.
Highlights
Mother!
Putting aside your sorrows,
allow me to sink into your arms,
only you are the resting place of my soul.
The little flower,
also wants to raise its head,
and thank the spring for its love.
However, the deep kindness,
has made her silent at last.
Mother!
Are you the light of spring?
Comment Bing Xin's mother's love in her poems often has a double connotation: one is the mother's love for the poet's infiltration; the second is the poet's deep praise of mother's love. These two poems reflect both connotations. They express the children's attachment to their loving mother and sing the hymn of love to her. The metaphor is novel, the language is beautiful, and it is y touching.
The success of the flower,
people only envy her present bright color!
However, her buds,
soaked with tears of struggle,
sprinkled with the blood of sacrifice.
Comment This is a philosophical poem. The poet compares the success of a career to a flower, the beginning of a career to the flower's "buds", the hard work of the struggle to cultivate the flower's "tears", and self-sacrifice to the flower's "blood rain", which is vivid and vivid. The metaphor of self-sacrifice as the "rain of blood" that nourishes the flower is vividly apt and thought-provoking. It tells us that when we envy other people's success, we should see the hard work behind the success.
Aesop's Fables
Aesop's Fables[1] (Aesop's Fables) by Aesop, the original name of the book is "Aesop's Tales", which is a satirical story of the ancient Greek folklore, and processed by the descendants to become the "Aesop's Fables" that is circulating now. It is rumored that one of the stories was written by a black Ethiopian slave, and "Aesop" is a homonym of "Esseo". From the point of view of the work, the time span is large, and the tendency of each piece is not exactly the same, it is presumed that it is not a one-man work of the moment, and can be regarded as a collective creation of the ancient Greeks in a fairly long historical period. Aesop, may be one of the important authors. Aesop's Fables is a collection of the world's earliest fables. Aesop is rumored to have been an ancient Greek of the 6th century BC, a slave, and a good animal storyteller. Existing "Aesop's Fables", is the ancient Greek and Roman era handed down the story, by later generations, collectively under the name of Aesop. Aesop's Fables are short and concise little fables that reflect the unseen truths of everyday life. These short stories are concise, easy to understand and philosophical. Not only do they have a large readership, but they have also had a significant impact on the history of literature. Writers, poets, philosophers, and ordinary people have all been inspired and entertained by them. Today, thousands of years later, Aesop's fables have become the model of Western fable literature. They are also one of the most widely circulated classics in the world. Aesop's Fables is one of the earliest collections of fairy tales in the world.
[edit paragraph]Aesop's Fables Author Introduction
Aesop, a Phrygian, was a Greek fable writer in the 6th century BC. A master of fables who was incredibly ugly and wise. According to Herodotus, he was originally a slave of the Yadmon family on the island of Samos, and was pushed off a cliff to his death because of his offense against the church at that time. After his death, there was a plague in Delphi, and the Delphians paid for his life, which was claimed by the old Yadmon's grandson of the same name. Legend has it that after Jadmon gave him his freedom, he frequented the court of Chrysos, king of Lydia. It is also said that he visited Athens during the reign of Pistratus and told the Athenians the fable of The Frog Who Asked to be Sent to the King to dissuade them from replacing Pistratus with someone else. he is depicted in an ugly way in a copy of Aesop's biography found in the 13th century, from which many stories about him have arisen. By the end of the 5th century B.C., the name "Aesop" had become so familiar to the Greeks that Greek fables began to be attributed to him. Demetrios (345-283 BC) edited the first collection of Greek fables (anonymous), and in the 1st and 2nd centuries, Phaedrus and Babrius wrote two poetic versions of Aesop's fables in Latin and Greek, respectively. The Aesop's Fables, as they are now known, were compiled by later generations from the fables collected by the Byzantine monk Praenodus and from later transcriptions of ancient Greek fables that were discovered.
[edit paragraph]Aesop's Fables Detailed Explanation and Evaluation
Aesop's Fables, a satirical tale circulating in ancient Greek folklore, was processed by later generations to become the Aesop's Fables that are now in circulation. From the point of view of the work, the time span is large, the tendency of each piece is not exactly the same, it is presumed that it is not a one-man one-time work, can be regarded as a collective creation of the ancient Greeks in a fairly long period of history. Aesop's Fables" means "Aesop's fables", and Aesop may be one of the important authors. A small number of them were written by later generations, under the name of Aesop, the master.
Aesop's Fables are an important part of ancient Greek literature, and although they are often overlooked, they are no less valuable than the Greek myths. Homeric epics and tragedies. The main body of the fables is anthropomorphized animals. Ordinary people as well as the gods as the main object of expression, through vivid short stories, or to reveal the early state of human life, or a metaphor for the abstract truth, or imply a variety of human nature and behavior, multi-dimensional highlights the true character of the ancient Greek nation
Aesop's fables, from the folk, so that the lives of the people of the lower strata of society and the thoughts and feelings of the people have been reflected more prominently. Such as the rich greed and selfishness of the revelation; the evil cruelty of the nature of the whip; the labor to create wealth affirmation; the social inequality of the attack; the cowardice, laziness, irony; the courage to fight the praise. There are also many fables that teach people how to live in the world, how to be a good person, how to distinguish between right and wrong, how to become wise and intelligent. Aesop's fables are a summary of the life and struggle of the ancient Greeks, refining and summarizing, is a spiritual heritage of the ancient Greeks left to future generations.
"Aesop's Fables", the text is condensed, the story is vivid, rich in imagination, full of philosophy, thought and art in one. Among them, "The Farmer and the Snake", "The Fox and the Grapes", "The Wolf and the Lamb", "The Tortoise and the Hare", "The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf", "The Farmer and his Children", "The Mosquito and the Lion" and so on have become household names all over the world.
This is the book that has the most readers in the world, and it has had the greatest impact on Western ethics and political thought. The essence of Eastern and Western folklore, the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people. One of the 100 books that influence human culture is the world's oldest collection of fables.
Aesop's Fables, the world's oldest collection of fables, is short and eclectic in form, and the shallow stories often shine with the light of wisdom, bursting with sparks of wit, and containing profound moral implications. It is not only an enlightening teaching material to instill the concept of good and evil, beauty and ugliness in children and young people, but also a textbook of life, which has had a great influence on later generations. In the history of European literature, it laid the foundation for the creation of fables. Aesop's Fables are often quoted in the literature and even political writings of countries all over the world, either as metaphors for theories or as weapons of attack and satire. The best parts of the book still have positive practical significance. In the history of European fable development, ancient Greek fable occupies an important position. It created the development of European fables and influenced the whole process of the development of European fables. Fables are folk oral creations, reflecting the wisdom of people's lives, including social activities, production and labor and daily life. Aesop's Fables, compiled from a variety of copies, includes more than 300 fables, some of which are very popular. The animals in Aesop's Fables generally have no fixed character traits yet, except for some, such as foxes and wolves, which are sometimes given an antagonistic character and sometimes affirmed, and the author's ideas are expressed by anthropomorphizing the animals in a certain way. These animal stories are undoubtedly fictitious, yet natural and realistic. This is not the same as the largely stereotyped character traits developed in later generations of fables.
Aesop's Fables had a major impact on the development of subsequent European fables. In the first century A.D., the Roman fable writer Phaedrus directly inherited the tradition of Aesop's fables, borrowed many of the stories in Aesop's Fables, and called his own fables "Aesop's fables". Babrius, a Greek fable writer of the 2nd century AD, adopted more of Aesop's fables. This tradition was inherited by the late Greco-Roman fables. After the Renaissance, the reorganization and printing of the manuscripts of Aesop's fables greatly contributed to the development of European fable writing, and a number of outstanding fable writers appeared, such as La Fontaine in France, Lessing in Germany, and Krylov in Russia.
With the "Western learning", "Aesop's Fables" was introduced to China in the Ming Dynasty. The first Western missionary to China, Matteo Ricci, wrote Ten Articles on Freaks during his life in China, in which he introduced Aesop and quoted Aesop's Fables. After him, the missionary Pontius Pontius I also introduced and quoted Aesop's Fables in the Seven Grams. The first translation of Aesop's Fables in China was the "Situ Yi" published in Xi'an in 1625. After the Qing Dynasty, many translations of Aesop's Fables appeared. The above shows that Aesop's Fables have been circulating in China for a long time, and it is still enjoyable and loveable. It is a book worth reading.
Most of Aesop's Fables are animal stories, using animals as metaphors to teach people the truth of the world and people. Aesop's fables are short and concise in form, with appropriate metaphors and vivid images, and have a great influence on future generations.
"Aesop's Fables" *** collection of three to four hundred short stories, and the lyrical poetry mainly reflects the thoughts and feelings of the aristocrats and slave owners are different, these short stories are mainly the lower class of the commoners and slaves of the bully's struggle experience and the summary of life lessons. The fables represent the social relations of the time, mainly the unequal relations between the oppressor and the oppressed, by depicting the relations between animals. The author of the fable condemns the phenomenon of man oppressing man in the society at that time and calls on the bullied to unite and fight against the evil. For example, the story of "The Farmer and the Snake" exhorts people not to be merciful to their enemies; "The Dog and the Rooster and the Fox" tells people to be good at using their wisdom to overcome their enemies; in the stories of "The Lion and the Deer", "The Birdcatcher and the Crowned Sparrow", "The Two Pots" and so on, the author reveals that when the power is in the hands of the greedy and brutal rulers, the poor and the suffering people cannot live in peace and prosperity.
[edit]Selected Fables of Aesop
The Charcoal-Burner and the Cloth-Drifter
The Charcoal-Burner, who was operating in a house, when he saw a Cloth-Drifter relocating to live next to him, went up to him full of joy and persuaded him to live with him, explaining that this would be more intimate with each other, more convenient, and more cost-effective. Instead, the cloth bleacher replied, "Perhaps you speak the truth, but it is utterly impossible to do so, for whatever I bleach will be blackened by you."
This story shows that it is difficult for people of different kinds to get along.
The Fox and the Grapes
The hungry fox saw bunches of crystal clear grapes hanging on the grapevine, and his mouth was watering, he wanted to pick them and eat them, but he could not do so. After watching for a while, he walked away hopelessly, consoling himself as he went, "These grapes are not ripe, they must be sour."
That is to say, some people have little ability, can not do things, then excuse that the time is not ripe.
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The Wolf and the Heron
The wolf swallowed a bone by mistake, and was so distressed that he ran about, seeking a doctor. He met the heron and negotiated a fee for him to remove the bone. The heron stuck his head down the wolf's throat, took out the bone, and asked the wolf for the fixed fee. The wolf replied, "Hey, friend, aren't you satisfied that you were able to retrieve your head from the wolf's mouth safe and sound, why do you need to talk about payment?"
This story illustrates that the reward for doing good to a bad person is to recognize the bad person's untrustworthy nature.
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The Little Boy and the Scorpion
There was a child who was catching grasshoppers in front of the city wall, and in a while he caught many. Suddenly he saw a scorpion, which he thought was also a grasshopper, and he went to catch it with both hands. The scorpion raised his stinger and said, "Come, if you dare to do so, you will lose all the grasshoppers you have caught."
This story warns people to distinguish between good and bad people and treat them differently.
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The Fox and the Male Goat Who Fell into a Well
A fox fell into a well, and no matter how hard he struggled, he could not climb up. The male goat felt thirsty and came to the well, but he could not climb up. The male goat, feeling thirsty, came to the well and saw the fox at the bottom, so he asked him if the water was good. Fox felt the opportunity to come, the heart secretly happy, immediately calm down, praised the well water is good, said the water is the world's first spring, sweet and refreshing, and advised the goat quickly down, and he drank. A heart only want to drink water to believe that the goat, they do not think about jumping down, when he gulped and drank, it had to be with the fox **** on the way to the well. The fox was prepared for this, and said cunningly, "I have a way. You use your front feet to pick yourself up on the wall of the well, and then straighten your horns, and I will jump up into the well from your back, and then pull you up, and we shall both be saved." The male goat agreed to his proposal, and the fox stepped on his hind feet, jumped on his back, and then jumped out of the well with another hard jump from his horns. When the fox got up there, he prepared to flee alone. The male goat accused the fox of not keeping his word. The fox turned back to the male goat and said, "Hey friend, if your mind was as perfect as your whiskers, you wouldn't have jumped blindly before you could see the exit."
This story shows that smart people should think through the outcome of something beforehand and then do it.
The Wolf and the Lamb
A lamb was drinking water by the river, and when the wolf saw it, he wanted to find a legitimate excuse to eat him. So he ran upstream and said fiercely that the lamb had muddied the water so that he could not drink. The lamb replied that he was only standing by the river to drink, and was downstream, so it was impossible for him to muddy the water upstream. When the wolf saw that this plan did not work, he added, "My father was scolded by you last year." The lamb said that he had not been born then. The wolf said to him, "No matter how you argue, I will not let you go anyway."
This shows that it is also ineffective to make any proper defense against the wicked.
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The Bear and the Fox
There was a bear who bragged a great deal about his love for mankind because he never ate dead people. A fox said to him, "May you tear the dead to pieces and not endanger those who are alive."
This story applies to the evil people in life who pretend to be good.
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The Field Mouse and the House Mouse
The Field Mouse and the House Mouse were good friends, and the House Mouse, at the Field Mouse's request, went to a feast in the country. As he ate his barley and grain, he said to the vole, "You know, my friend, that you are living like an ant, and I have a lot of good things there; go and enjoy them with me!" The field mouse followed the house mouse to the city, where the house mouse showed the field mouse beans and grains, as well as dates, cheese, honey, and fruit. The field-mouse looked at them, amazed, praising them, and lamenting his fate. They were about to begin eating when someone opened the door, and at the sound the timid house mouse was so frightened that he hurried into his hole. When the mouse tried to get the cheese again, someone else came into the house to get something. As soon as he saw someone, he immediately went back into his hole. At this point, the vole could not care less about his hunger, and said to the house mouse in a trembling voice, "Good-bye, my friend! You go and eat to your heart's content, and enjoy these delicious things with fear and trembling. Poor me had better go and nibble on those barley and grains, and go in peace to the ordinary life which you look down upon."
This story shows that people prefer to live a simple and smooth life rather than enjoying that joyful life full of terror.
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The Dog, the Rooster, and the Fox
The dog and the rooster made friends and they traveled together. At night, the rooster leaped to a tree and perched on a branch, while the dog spent the night in a hole in the tree below. When dawn came, the rooster crowed as usual. A fox heard the rooster crowing and wanted to eat it, so he came and stood under the tree and respectfully asked the rooster to come down and said, "What a beautiful voice! It is so beautiful that I want to embrace you. Come down quickly and let us sing a serenade together." The chicken replied, "Please go and wake up the doorkeeper and night watchman in the hole in the tree, and as soon as he opens the door, I can come down." The fox immediately went to call the door, and the dog suddenly jumped up and bit and tore him to pieces.
This story illustrates that a wise man in danger defeats his enemy skillfully and easily.
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The Lion and the Mouse Who Repaid His Kindness
The lion was asleep when a mouse jumped on him. The lion sprang to his feet, seized him, and prepared to eat him. The mouse pleaded for mercy and said that if he kept his life, he would repay his kindness, and the lion laughed contemptuously and let him go. Soon after, the lion's life was literally saved by the mouse. It turned out that the lion was captured by a hunter and tied him to a tree with a rope. The mouse heard his wailing, went over to him, bit the rope, let the lion go, and said, "You laughed at me at the time and didn't believe that you could be repaid by me, but now it's clear that mice can be repaid."
This story shows that times change alternately, and that the strong will have times when they need the weak.
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The Seagull and the Kite
A seagull swallowed a very large fish, which bloated his stomach, and lay on the A seagull swallowed a very large fish and burst his belly, and lay on the beach waiting to die. When a kite saw him, it said, "You have done this to yourself! You were a bird flying in the air and should not have gone to the sea to find food."
This is saying that everyone should be at peace with themselves.
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The idol seller
Someone carved a wooden statue of Hermes and took it to the market to sell. As none of the buyers came forward, he shouted and tried to solicit business, saying that he had for sale a god who bestowed blessings and attracted wealth. At that moment a man beside him said to him, "Hey, friend, why are you selling him when, in that case, you yourself should be enjoying his benefits?" He replied, "I want the benefits to be cashed in immediately now, and the benefits of this god come very slowly."
This story is exactly about the kind of person who seeks profit by any means and does not even honor God.
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The Ox and the Frog
An ox went to a waterhole to drink, stepped on a group of small frogs, and trampled one of them to death. One of them was killed. When the mother frog came back, she saw that one of her sons was missing, so she asked his brothers where he had gone. One of the little frogs said, "Dear Mom, he's dead. A huge four-legged beast came to the pool just now and trampled our brother to death with his hooves." While puffing up as hard as she could, the mother frog asked, "Was the beast like this, this size?" The little frog said, "Mom, stop puffing. I
don't think you can be the same size as that monster, and any more puffing will burst your belly."
This is to say that smallness cannot be compared to greatness in any way.
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The Many Trees and the Thorns
The pomegranate tree, the apple tree, and the olive tree quarreled with each other over whose fruit was best. who had the best fruit. While they were quarreling fiercely, the thorns by the fence heard them and said, "Friends, let us not quarrel any more."
This is to say that there are some insignificant people who, even in the midst of strong men fighting with each other, are ungrateful and desperately want to show off.
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The Tortoise and the Eagle
The tortoise saw the eagle flying in the air, and begged it to teach him to fly. The eagle advised him that he could not fly. But the tortoise pleaded again and again, so the eagle grabbed him, flew high into the air, and then let him go. The tortoise landed on a rock and was crushed to pieces.
This story shows that those who are over-ambitious and unrealistic are bound to fail.
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The Mule
There was a strong mule who grew up eating barley. Whenever he jumped, he always said to himself, "My father must have been a horse that could run, and I am very much like him." One day, because of necessity, the mule had to be pulled to run non-stop. When he came back, he remembered with a sad face that his father was a donkey.
This story shows that people should never forget their own nature even if they have good luck and become famous, because life is like the ebb and flow of the tide, and the future is unpredictable.
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