How many writing methods are commonly used? Is there a way to describe it?

Hello! Writing techniques (that is, artistic techniques and expressive techniques, as well as expressive techniques (skills)) commonly include exaggeration, comparison, metaphor, personification, suspense, carefulness, association, imagination, combination of cadence and cadence, combination of point and surface, combination of narration and discussion, blending of scenes, comparison and contrast, bedding, expression of ambition, description of details and bedding suspense. Expression is common narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (In fact, it also belongs to artistic expression). Rhetoric is a common metaphor, contrast, analogy, duality, metonymy, exaggeration, intertextuality, pun, rhetorical question, repetition, irony and quotation. Narrative, for example, often focuses on the narrative of the general process, and readers can only have a comprehensive and general understanding of things; Description focuses on the concrete description of the image, so that readers can get specific and clear understanding and feelings. If there is only narrative without description, the article will inevitably talk too much about the outline of the story, which is not vivid enough. How to describe it? The following are several common description methods and techniques. First, metaphorical description. That is, the use of metaphor and other rhetorical devices to describe. Writing scenes, images and situations in this way will make things clearer, more vivid and more vivid, thus generating strong appeal. For example, there is a passage in Liang Heng's Summer: The whole summer is filled with a tense, warm and hurried melody. As if a pot of cold water on the stove was bubbling and finally boiled, the fine sandy grass on the hillside gradually grew into thick hair, and the faint smoke on the forest belt also condensed into a long black wall. ..... The fiery red sun is baking a golden land, and the wheat waves roll and beat the cars on the highway, like waves rushing to the ships. In this passage, the author closely follows the scenery and shows the second change from late spring to early summer and midsummer through appropriate metaphors. It accurately shows the characteristics of summer from different aspects, giving people an immersive feeling, which is the advantage of metaphor. Metaphorical description is the most commonly used description method. It can make the vague things clearly visible, and the abstract things concretely sensible. "Big strings are like rain, small strings are like secret words, and big strings are like big and small pearls." (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip) No one will be impressed by this description. This effect comes from the metaphor of the novel. Second, line drawing. Sketch is one of the methods of painting. All the lines are outlined, not false, concise and lively. In literature, it has become a descriptive skill. Lu Xun summed up this method as: "If it is meaningful, just whitewash it, be less artificial and don't show off." (Writing Skills) It simply reflects the characteristics of things with ordinary words, without modification or exaggeration. Although there is not much ink, it can be poor and complete. Many famous artists use line drawing as a common method. For example, it was a severe winter, with dense clouds and a strong north wind, but it began to snow the next day. (Shi Naian's Water Margin) Since it is the end of winter; As we approached our hometown, the weather was gloomy again, and the cold wind blew into the cabin, purring. Looking out from the gap in the canopy, there are several desolate villages in the yellow world, far and near, lifeless. I can't help feeling sad inside. (Lu Xun's "Hometown") The above two paragraphs have always been regarded by critics as extraordinary and wonderful descriptions, and they are straightforward words without any modification. Although there are no gorgeous words, no exquisite decorations and no means of comparison, the momentum of flying snow and the emptiness, desolation and loneliness of "hometown" are like pictures before our eyes. Third, the description of contrast. Contrast is also the traditional name of China's painting techniques. When painting those light-colored things, they are often rendered with ink or light color, which makes the objects stand out obviously. This is the way to see the moon through the clouds. The purpose of using this technique in description is to set off the description by describing another thing. The description of Luo Fu in "Shang Mo Sang" can be regarded as the most typical example: "... the traveler sees Luo Fu with a moustache; When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and put on his head. The tiller forgot to plow, and the hoe forgot to hoe. When they came back to complain, they sat and watched Luo Fu. " Judging from the behavior of walkers, young tillers, hoes, etc. After seeing Luo Fu, the author highlighted the beauty of this girl and received artistic effects that can't be achieved by positive description. If you want to express something that is very abstract, not only difficult to draw, but also difficult to understand figuratively, this kind of comparative description is more useful. Please read a passage in Zhu Ziqing's "Green": I have seen Populus davidiana in Shichahai, Beijing, and it is too light without a yellow background. I have seen a tall and dense' green wall' near Hupao Temple in Hangzhou. The endless grass and green leaves seem too thick. As for the others, the waves in West Lake are too bright, and those in Qinhuai River are too dark. What the author wants to show is the mysterious and surprising "green" unique to plum rain pool's water, which is difficult to express through direct description. Through the description of other well-known colors, the author shows that the green color of Meiyu pool is moderate in light and shade, suitable in shade and just right in green. After reading it, people feel that Meiyu Pool is just around the corner. Fourth, dynamic description. That is to say, the description from static to dynamic. Most of the scenic spots are still life. Silence means no potential, and no potential means no movement. Therefore, we should try our best to make still life move, shock people's hearts, and let readers and authors write good songs. Kong Fu described the scene and moss in front of a Buddha statue in Longquan Cave, Qianfo Mountain: "He smiled, watching the moss climb on his toes/he smiled, listening to the moss jump on his knees/he smiled, and let the moss invade the Buddha's head ..." The Buddha sat quietly, even the growing green moss was still at the moment when people saw it. The author used "smile", "look" and "listen". And there is some kind of tacit understanding between them, which connects the pure and inaction Buddhist world with the noisy world. Another example is Xu Chi's description of Dunhuang frescoes in Under the Qilian Mountains: As soon as he entered this cave, he fell into the dye vat, and the whole thing fell into the world of colors, with horses running around. Swans are spinning in the air. Flowers and plants lose their gravity and float. Xiaolong flies with people. Warm red tone is the keynote. Thousands of colors whirled around him. The author uses dynamic words to describe the scenery on the mural, vividly reproduces the posture of galloping horses, swans, flowers and dragons, and makes the still picture lifelike. 5. Description with imaginative factors. When describing, we often not only record what we see truthfully, but also mix imaginary factors into it to supplement the description. If the description is imaginative, it will be more vivid, richer and more literary. The most rare thing is that there is a stone box under the stone cliff in the northwest of the vegetable field. The stones and soil in the stone box are dug out and the spring water flows out from the gap. The stone table is not big, and a pile of water can just finish watering the vegetable fields. When the accumulated water is used up, a meal can be filled again. When the water is full, it will be clear to the end, without overflowing or flowing. Very rich, or very much like Aquarius in fairy tales. Water is still used when it is used, and it is always full when it is not used. Spring water can be used to water fruit trees, not vegetables, but also to wash hair and clothes. (Wu Boxiao's "The Story of the Garden") The author writes a stone cave with simple lines, saying that it is "like a vase in a fairy tale", which is an imaginative factor. It reminds us of many fairy tales about "Aquarius" and "Treasure Gourd" in memory, which enriches our feelings for the stone case and enhances the vividness and richness of the description. Sixth, emotional description. Sometimes it is objective when describing, but sometimes it is inevitable to be subjective, mixed with your own thoughts and feelings. Emotional descriptions are often more infectious. For example, on February 16, another friend gave me six carnations, three red ones and three white ones, with a few bracken in the middle ... when I came back to rest with my pillow, I suddenly saw several carnations on the balcony. Three white ones don't feel better, and three red ones are pitiful! Under the bright lights, red velvet petals, overlapping with tiny shining eyes, are surrounded by a few thin green leaves of Pteris multifida beside the flowers, which means they are dull at the intersection. At this moment, I don't know whether it is' flower' or' red'. The feeling of love in my heart is very vague and strong ... (Bing Xin's "Past (2)" describes carnations from the perspective of feeling, and "poor red" and "dull meaning" all come from feeling. Description is emotional, even if it is not used as a lyric tool, this writing is more vivid and touching. The above briefly introduces several description methods, but they are not independent of each other. Describing the same thing can be not only a metaphor, but also a sketch; You can write not only what you see, but also what you feel; You can write not only static, but also dynamic; Not only write the main body, but also pay attention to foil and so on. The key is that no matter how you describe it, you should aim at highlighting the characteristics of things and enhancing the appeal, so as to give readers a deep and vivid impression. In addition, where to describe and where not to describe, we should start with expressing the theme and depicting the characters, and we must not be arbitrary. Too much description and rhetoric can not achieve good results, but will hurt the expression of content. Proper description and seeking truth and nature are what we require.