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Types, Sources and Characteristics of China Local Opera

1。 Characteristics of China Local Opera

What is opera music? This problem is difficult to explain clearly in a few words. As the name implies, traditional Chinese opera music refers to the singing and accompaniment in traditional Chinese opera. But this can't be our answer to this question, because it can't let us get anything new except what one knows. Why does a play have music? Why can't it be a play without music? What kind of music is traditional opera music, and how is it different from other kinds of music forms? For such a question, a simple answer can't be answered, and this is exactly what we must understand when discussing the characteristics of traditional Chinese opera music.

In order to clarify these issues. Let's talk about the characteristics of traditional Chinese opera art and the relationship between traditional Chinese opera and music.

Traditional Chinese opera is a kind of drama, which belongs to the category of drama in terms of artistic classification. But drama, pantomime, opera and ballet are also dramas. What's the difference between them? As we know, the above-mentioned various forms of drama can be roughly divided into two types: one is combined with music, such as opera and ballet, which can be called musical; One is that it is not combined with music, which is the most typical drama and can be called non-musical. Although modern drama often uses music to set off the atmosphere, it can not only enrich the expressive force of drama, but also won't change the basic characteristics of drama art, because drama is still drama with or without this kind of music. But for musicals, the situation is different, whether it is opera or ballet, once there is no music, they lose their meaning of existence. China traditional opera also belongs to this type of musical, but it is a China musical with national characteristics. It is inseparable from music, although it is obviously different from opera and ballet in expression form and artistic style.

How did this special art form of China Opera come into being? It is based on the combination of drama and music. The emergence of any art form does not come out of thin air. It always has a certain historical and traditional origin. The origin of China's traditional drama is the synthesis of three different art forms: ancient song and dance, rap and burlesque. This was originally an independent art form with its own performance. However, with the development of history, these three art forms gradually merged together, thus forming China traditional opera. Song and dance did not perform stories, but gradually joined the stories; Rap originally told stories as a third party, and later it was put on the stage to perform stories as a dramatist. At first, burlesque was performed by telling the truth and performing, and then gradually added elements of singing and dancing. The result of this convergence is the formation of an art form that integrates singing, dancing, reciting and drama performance, which is what we now call traditional Chinese opera. This process of convergence is a process in which singing, dancing and rap performances are gradually dramatized, while drama performances are gradually cabaretized. Thus, at the beginning of the formation of China opera, drama and music were inseparable.

China opera has a history of more than 800 years. A history of China opera is also a history of the evolution of opera tune. The so-called tune refers to the tune group or tune system with strong local color, which is based on the folk songs of a certain area and adopted by traditional operas in China. The two oldest operas in China, the Southern Opera in the Song Dynasty and the Zaju in the Yuan Dynasty, are all sung with songs. However, due to the different birthplaces, there are obvious differences in styles between southern songs and northern songs, forming two different parts of opera, namely, southern opera and northern opera. The further evolution of Nanqu is the appearance of the four major tunes of Nanqu in Ming Dynasty, namely Haiyan tune, Yu Yaoqiang tune, Yiyang tune and Kunshan tune. Their styles are different, which is the product of the combination of Nanqu and local folk music after the spread of Nanqu. The competition and digestion of the four major tunes promoted the prosperity of Ming and Qing operas. Since then, the appearance of Bangzi and Pihuang has become two new traditional opera tunes. This new vocal cavity is the result of the development of folk music. They have produced many new operas one after another, which created a new situation for the development of China operas and influenced and promoted the emergence of many local operas in modern times. This history shows that every process of opera development is directly related to the development of opera music; The formation of every drama in history is always marked by the rise and change of a certain tune.

There are many kinds of operas in China, and now there are more than 300 kinds. Due to different dialects, various operas have different artistic styles. Whether it is Kunqu Opera, which is elegant as orchid, or Cantonese Opera, which is known as the southern red bean, there are also pastoral ancient paintings, high-pitched bangzi and euphemistic Cantonese Opera with different styles and elegance. What's the difference between the colors of this style? The first is music.

People often say that China opera is a comprehensive art. Because it contains literature, music, performance, art and other components. These elements have their own artistic characteristics, but when they enter opera, they are all directly or indirectly related to music.

As far as drama literature is concerned, its artistic structure and artistic methods are different from those of modern drama precisely because it is related to and adapted to the structure of drama music. Traditional Chinese opera literature needs lyrics, which is a literary form associated with music. Even the chanting of Chinese opera is different from the lines of drama, because besides the requirements of personality and action, it also requires musicality, which is pleasant to read and can be coordinated with music.

The structural forms of traditional Chinese opera scripts have undergone some evolution in history. Whether it is Yuan Zaju or Ming Legend, the structural form of the script is a split (or separated) form based on long and short sentences. This structural form has been used from the North-South Opera to today's Kunqu Opera and High-pitched Opera, but in the Qing Dynasty, since the appearance of Bangzi and Pi Huang, the structural form of the script has become a form based on seven words and ten sentences. Why is there such a change? This is also in line with the development of traditional Chinese opera music, because the structural form of traditional Chinese opera music has also undergone major changes, from the earlier "Qupai combination" to "plate change". The former is based on the complete music structure, and the ten-fold play must consist of several music cards to form a set of music; The structural basis of the latter is a pair of symmetrical upper and lower phrases, and an aria is a repeated change of the upper and lower phrases many times. The aria of a scene can have dozens or even more pairs of upper and lower phrases, or only one or two pairs of upper and lower phrases, or even no aria at all, but all consist of chanting. This shows that the changes in the form of traditional Chinese opera literature are closely related to traditional Chinese opera music.

Let's take a look at the performing arts of China traditional operas. Traditional Chinese opera performance should use a variety of artistic means, such as singing, reading, doing and playing, each of which is closely related to music. Singing is originally a means of musical expression, which goes without saying. Although chanting is not singing, it should be musical, and it should be cadenced in tone and rhythm, which can be coordinated with singing. As for doing work and fighting, they all belong to body movements, but the body movements on the opera stage are not direct imitations of life movements, but dance performances, which are powerful, exaggerated and full of rhythm. Therefore, this kind of body movement is closely combined with music and integrated into the rhythm of music. Traditional opera performances require actors to be familiar with gongs and drums, that is, the combination of various gongs and drums, and their body movements should be in tune with gongs and drums; Skillful actors, without the cooperation of gongs and drums, feel unable to move and their emotions cannot be exerted, which is the reason.

Singing, reading, doing and playing have their own characteristics. But how do they integrate and merge into a whole? Among these means, music is a link, which plays a unified and coordinated role through the rhythm of music. At the same time, in the process of drama, it is necessary to emphasize the stage rhythm. The various changes and developments of drama plots and emotions, as well as the ups and downs of drama contradictions, need to be reflected by the stage rhythm that is strong or weak, or open or relaxed. Not only should there be such changes between the fields of a play, but even in a certain performance or a certain aria, there should be various changes in rhythm and speed. All this is reflected and regulated by music, which unifies the rhythm of the whole play.

It is in this sense that we say that opera is a musical. Because opera music is an indispensable part of the whole opera art, it permeates and runs through all aspects of opera art.

2。 The Origin of China Local Opera

Traditional Chinese opera is a traditional art of the Chinese nation. It consists of literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts. Its origin has a long history. In the long development process, after more than 800 years of enrichment, innovation and development. It pays attention to singing, doing, reading and playing, and is full of dance and high technology. Its composition is different from other operas, and it has become a complete system of traditional Chinese opera art.

According to incomplete statistics, there are about 360 kinds of traditional operas and tens of thousands of traditional plays in ethnic minority areas in China. After the founding of New China, many traditional plays have been adapted, and new historical plays and modern plays that express the theme of modern life have been warmly welcomed by the audience. The more popular and famous operas are Beijing Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Henan Opera, xiang opera Opera, Guangdong Opera, Qin Opera, Sichuan Opera, Pingju Opera, Shanxi Opera, Han Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Fujian Opera, Hebei Bangzi Opera, Huangmei Opera and Hunan Opera. There are more than 50 kinds of operas, especially Peking Opera, which is the most popular, covering the whole country, regardless of geographical restrictions. However, in recent years, the development of China's drama art has been weakening day by day, and it has been impacted by the new art, especially the songs from Hong Kong and Taiwan have flooded into the mainland, and they are idolized. As a student, they are eager for stars, but they know little about the artistic treasures of our Chinese nation.

China's ancient drama is called "drama" because it is mainly composed of "drama" and "qu". China's operas mainly include Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties, Zaju in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, legends and legends in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and traditional repertoires of modern Peking Opera and other local operas. Is the floorboard of China national drama culture.

Modern drama mainly refers to drama, opera, ballet, etc. Since the 20th century, drama has been introduced from the west, while foreign drama generally refers to drama.

China opera has a long history, which originated from songs and dances imitating labor.

(A) Pre-Qin-the embryonic stage of China traditional opera. The "Ode" in The Book of Songs and the "Nine Songs" in The Songs of Chu are the lyrics of singing and dancing when offering sacrifices to the gods. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty, recreational songs and dances gradually evolved. From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the mid-Tang Dynasty, there appeared "Jiao Di" (that is, a hundred plays), in which "joining the army" performed in a question-and-answer way and "dancers" performing short stories of life were all budding plays.

(2) The Tang Dynasty (middle and late period)-the formation period of traditional Chinese opera. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, China's drama advanced by leaps and bounds, and the art of drama gradually took shape.

(3) Song and Jin Dynasties-the development period of China traditional opera. "Zaju" in Song Dynasty, "Courtyard Style" in Jin Dynasty and "Zhu Gong Tune" in rap form all laid the foundation of Zaju in Yuan Dynasty in music, structure and content.

(D) Yuan Dynasty-the mature period of China traditional opera. In the Yuan Dynasty, "Zaju" developed greatly on the original basis and became a new kind of drama. It has the basic characteristics of drama, which indicates that China's drama has entered a mature stage.

Yuan Zaju is a comprehensive stage art that inherits and develops the literary achievements of the previous generation on the fertile soil of folk operas, and is improved and created through the joint efforts of teaching workshops, theaters, actors, musicians and "book clubs". Metaphysically, Yuan Zaju uses four sets of northern songs to arrange stories, and the disjointed parts are combined with wedges to form the usual format of four folds and one wedge (Wang Shifu's The West Chamber is a unique novel in Yuan Zaju, * * * wrote five 2/kloc-0 folds), and each fold is composed of several tunes of the same palace tune, and a "wedge" is added when necessary. At the end, two, four and eight lines are used to summarize the content of the whole play, which is called "getting to the point". Each fold includes three parts: Qu Ci, Bai Hua () and (). The lyrics are written according to the music cards that the tutor needs, also called Wen Qu, lyrics or lyric poems. Its function is to tell stories and portray characters. All the lyrics rhyme. Vernacular writing is an artistic means to express the plot or explain the relationship between characters in the form of words, which can be divided into dialogue (dialogue between characters), monologue (words that characters express their personal feelings and wishes alone), narration (words that characters recite to the audience from other players on the stage) and vernacular writing (words inserted in lyrics). The subject is action, expression, etc. A play is usually sung by one person to the end or the end, and the other feet are all white. The lead singer at the end of the program is called "Final Book", and the lead singer at the end of the program is called "Final Book".

Foot color:

Ending: male role. The hero is the hero in Yuan Zaju.

Dan: Play a female role. Zheng Dan (the heroine in the play), Xiao Dan and Cha Dan.

Jing: Commonly known as "painted face" and "painted face", most of them play male roles with special characters or appearances. For example, Yuan, a civil servant (government official), falls into this category.

Ugliness: Also known as "Three Faces" or "Small Faces", it plays humorous roles, including Wen Chou and Wu Ugly.

Foreigner: There are foreignness, foreignness and foreignness in Yuan Zaju. , which are the secondary roles at the end, Dan and Jing. Inside job-the end of the outside.

Miscellaneous: Also known as "miscellaneous". Play the role name of the old woman. Such as: Cai.

In just a few decades, Yuan Zaju writers have created at least 500 or 600 plays, and more than 50 plays of/kloc-0 are still preserved today. These works comprehensively and profoundly reflect the social life of the Yuan Dynasty, and many of them have become valuable cultural heritage of our country. For example, Guan Hanqing's "Dou Eyuan" describes the tragic experience of the kind and naive child bride Dou E, reflects the cruel exploitation of usurers, extortion by local ruffians and the perverting of the law by corrupt officials, profoundly exposes the dark reality of the Yuan Dynasty society, and praises the strong will and indomitable resistance spirit of the oppressed. With the help of historical themes, Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty describes Wang Zhaojun's loyalty to the country, Mao Yanshou's betrayal of the country and the corruption and incompetence of his officials, mercilessly exposes the national oppression of the Yuan Dynasty and satirizes the rulers at that time. Wang Shifu's The West Chamber describes the story of young men and women fighting for the autonomy of marriage in feudal society. From stunning, couplets to refusing to get married, Cui Yingying's desire for love has been fully demonstrated. However, she was born in a famous family and was influenced and bound by feudal ethics. As a result, she had twists and turns such as "making trouble with Jane" and "relying on Jane". She finally embarked on the road of rebellion in such scenes as Listening to Qin Qu, The Book of Rites and The Pavilion, which added a strong comic color to her works. The main line of the whole drama is the contradiction between fighting for the autonomy of marriage and obeying the "parents' orders", and the misunderstanding and conflict between Cui Yingying, Zhang Xun and the matchmaker is the secondary line, which is interwoven rhythmically, with moderate relaxation, dynamic and static combination, mixed happiness and sorrow, and mixed gathering and dispersion. His theme of "May all beings in the world become well-being" and vivid artistic image have strong artistic charm, which can give people a strong infection and is deeply loved by the masses.

○ Four masters of Yuan Qu: Guan Hanqing-Dou Eyuan; Zheng Guangzu-Ghost Story; Bai Pu-Wu Tongyu; Ma Zhiyuan-"Autumn in Han Palace";

(5) Ming and Qing Dynasties-the prosperous period of China traditional opera. In the Ming Dynasty, legends developed. The legend of the Ming Dynasty was formerly the Southern Opera in the Song and Yuan Dynasties (Southern Opera is the abbreviation of Southern Opera, which is a new form of drama developed on the basis of the Zaju in the Song Dynasty combined with the tunes of the southern region). Wenzhou is its birthplace. South Opera is different from North Zaju in system: it is not limited by 60% discount or one person singing to the end. It has an opening story, mostly a happy ending, and its style is mostly sentimental. Unlike the northern zaju, it is more free in form and more convenient to express life. Unfortunately, the books of the early Southern Opera are rarely preserved. It was not until the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty that Southern Opera began to flourish. After the processing and improvement of the literati, this short play which is not rigorous enough has finally become a quite complete long play. For example, "Pipa Story" is a transition from southern opera to legend. The theme of this work comes from folklore, which shows a story completely and has certain drama. It was once known as "the ancestor of reviving southern opera". In the middle of Ming Dynasty, a large number of legendary writers and scripts emerged, among which Tang Xianzu was the most successful. He wrote many legendary plays in his life, and Peony Pavilion is his masterpiece. Through the story of Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei's life and death parting, the work praises the rebellious spirit of opposing feudal ethics, pursuing happy love and demanding individual liberation. The author endowed love with the power to bring it back to life, overcame the shackles of feudal ethics and won the final victory. This had far-reaching social significance in the society firmly ruled by feudal ethics at that time. This play has been loved by readers and audiences for 300 years. To this day, the boudoir, The Scared Dream and other fragments are still active on the stage of opera performance, radiating its artistic brilliance.

Three types of local operas in China.

China has a long history and a wide variety of operas. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 360 kinds of operas and tens of thousands of traditional plays in ethnic minority areas in China.

The more popular and famous operas are: Beijing Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Henan Opera, Huangmei Opera, Pingju Opera, Guangdong Opera, Shandong Opera, Anhui Opera, Huai Opera, Shanghai Opera, xiang opera Opera, Liu Zi Opera, Qiang Mao Opera, Huaihai Opera, Wuxi Opera, Shaanxi Opera, Shaanxi Opera, Guanzhong Daoqing Opera, Taigu Yangko Opera and Shangdang Opera. Errenzhuan, Errentai, Lashi Opera, Chanzuitou, Hebei Bangzi, Manchu Opera, Henan Pendant, Hebei Bangzi, Hunan Ancient Painting Opera, Huaibei Ancient Painting Opera, Plum Blossom Drum, Pear Flower Drum, Jingyun Drum, Xihe Drum, Pingtan, Tanxian, Shandong Express Book and Shandong Qin Shu, among which Beijing Opera is the most popular.

Specific distribution of local operas:

Beijing: Peking Opera Beikun West Road Pingju Beijing Quju

Hebei Province: Hebei Bangzi Pingju Sixian Old Tune Hahahaha Hebei Luantan Wuan Pingdiao Wuan Luozi Xidiao Yuxian Yangko Longyao Yangko Dingxian Yangko Four-string Tang Opera with seven horizontal tones and four upper tones.

Shanxi Province: Zhou Pu Bangzi Shanxi Middle Road Bangzi Shanxi North Road Bangzi Shangdang Bangzi Gong and Drum Miscellaneous Play Lingqiu Luoluo Shangdang Pi Huang Shangdang Zi Yongji Daoqing Opera Hongdong Daoqing Opera Linxian Daoqing Opera Jinbei Daoqing Opera Wu Xiang Yangge Huguan Yangge Qinyuan Yangge Qitai Yangko Fan Shi Yangge Shuoxian Yangge Xiaoyi Wan Wan Qiang Qu Huo Wan Wan Qiang Heizi Fengtai Opera.

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: Man-Han Banquet Table for Two in Inner Mongolia Yangko

Liaoning province: Haicheng trumpet opera, southern Liaoning film, Mongolian opera, colorful lotus drop

Jilin Province: Errenzhuan Opera, Xincheng Opera and Huanglong Opera.

Heilongjiang Province: Longjiang Opera

Shaanxi Province: Shaanxi Opera Diao Han Huang Er Agong Opera Heyang Dance Opera Heyang Line Opera Shaanxi Wan Wan Qiang Shaanxi Laoqiang Meihua Opera String Board Opera Shaanxi Daoqing Opera Shaanxi Southern Flower Drum Opera Shaanxi Southern Duangong Opera Ankang Heizi Opera.

Gansu: Gannan Tibetan Opera, Gao Shanju Shadow Play and Dragon Opera.

Qinghai Province: Qinghai Tibetan Opera Qinghai Pingxian Opera

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: Xinjiang Quzi Opera

Shandong Province: Shandong Bangzi Jujube Bangzi Laiwu Bangzi East Road Bangzi Opera Lu Opera Liu Qiang Wuyin Opera Liuqin Opera has two strings and four tones.

Jiangsu Province: Kunqu Opera, Huai Opera, Yang Opera, Bronze Opera, Huai Opera, Xi Opera, Su Ju, Dingdingqiang Opera, Huaihong Opera and Haimen Mountain Opera.

Anhui Province: Huangmei Opera, Huizhou Opera, Qingyang Opera, Yuexi High-pitched Opera, Anhui Mulian Opera, Anhui Lu Opera, Anhui Duangong Opera, Sizhou Opera, Hanging Foot Opera with Bow Opera, Wuhu Lihua Spring Opera, Wennan Ci, Southern Anhui Huagu Opera, Fengyang Huagu Opera, Huaibei Huagu Opera and Huaizi Opera.

Shanghai: Shanghai Opera, Humor Opera and Fengxian Mountain Opera.

Zhejiang Province: Yue Opera, Wu Opera, Shao Opera, Xinchang High-pitched Opera, Ninghai Pingdiao, Songyang High-pitched Opera, Wenzhou Kunqu Opera, Jinhua Kunqu Opera, Huangyan, Zhuji, Ou Opera, Hangbang Opera, Yong Opera, Shanghai Opera and Muju Opera.

Jiangxi Province: Gan Opera Geyang Opera Xu He Opera Donghe Opera Ninghe Opera Ruihe Opera Yihuang Opera Gannan Tea Picking Opera Pingxiang Tea Picking Opera Wanzai Lantern Opera Fuzhou Tea Picking Opera Ji 'an Tea Picking Opera Ningdu Tea Picking Opera Jidong Tea Picking Opera Jiujiang Tea Picking Opera Jingdezhen Tea Picking Opera Wuning Tea Picking Opera Gao 'an Tea Picking Opera

Fujian Province: Puxian Opera Liyuan Opera Gaojia Opera Fujian Opera Pinghua Opera Civilian Opera Ming Opera Big Chamber Opera Minxi Hanju North Road Opera Meilin Opera Right Word Nanjian Tune Small Chamber Opera Triangle Opera Minxi Tea Picking Opera Nanci Opera Minxi Folk Song Opera Mi Opera Dacheng Opera Ma Zhu Opera Youchun Play Shoulder Play

Taiwan Province Province: Taiwanese Drama

Guangdong: Cantonese Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Zhengzi Opera, Bai Zixi Guangdong Han Opera, Xiqin Opera, Hua Chaoxi Yuebei Tea Picking Opera, Dongchang Ancient Painting Opera, Lei Ju Meixianshan Opera, and Yuexi White Opera.

Hainan Province: Qiong Opera

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Guangxi Opera, Yong Opera, Sixian Opera, Guangxi Shigong Opera, Xiaoxi Opera, Niuniang Opera, Tea Picking Opera in South Guangxi, Guangxi Zhuang Opera, Guangxi Miao Opera and Guangxi Dong Opera.

Hunan Province: xiang opera Qi Opera Changde Han Opera Hengyang xiang opera Baling Opera Changsha Opera Yueyang Opera Changde Opera Xiangxi Yang Yang Opera Shaoyang Ancient Painting Opera Lingling Huagu Opera Shidao Opera Xiangxi Miao Ju Xinhuang Dong Nuo Opera

Hubei Province: Han Opera Jing Hexi South Opera Hubei Yuelu Mountain Huang Er Hubei Gaoqiang Chuju East Road Ancient Painting Opera Huangmei Tea Picking Opera Yangxin Tea Picking Opera Yuan 'an Ancient Painting Opera Xiangyang Ancient Painting Opera Jingzhou Ancient Painting Opera Liang Shantiao Yunyang Ancient Painting Opera Sui County Flower Drum Theatre Opera Quxi Hubei West Liuzi Opera.

Henan Province: Henan Opera Henan Yuediao Nanyang Bangzi Dapingdiao Huai Bang Huai Diao Da Xian Diao Luo Opera Juanju Henan Quju Henan Daoqing Henan Ancient Painting Opera Le Qiang Five Tunes.

Sichuan Province: Sichuan Opera Sichuan Lantern Sichuan Quyi Xiushan Lantern

The following are excerpts from other interviewees.

1, Kunqu opera

Kunqu Opera, also known as "Kunqu Opera" and "Kunqu Opera", is an ancient opera. Originated in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, it became popular after the middle of Ming Dynasty. At that time, most of the legendary operas were sung by Kunqu Opera. In addition to maintaining the characteristics of early Kunqu Opera, Nankun has formed many branches in China, such as Kunyi in the north, Xiang Kun, Chuankun and so on. Kunqu Opera, with its graceful and soft style, delicate and lyrical performance, singing and dancing, and rigorous program, is the representative of China classical operas.

2. High cavity

Gaoqiang is the general name of China traditional opera tune system. Because it originated in Yiyang, Jiangxi, it was originally named "Yiyang Opera" or "Yi Opera". It is characterized by simple performance, popular lyrics, high-pitched and exciting singing, one person singing while everyone is in harmony, and only golden drums are used to play festivals without orchestral accompaniment. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it has spread from Jiangxi to all parts of the country, and has formed high-pitched operas in different styles, such as Sichuan Opera, xiang opera Opera and Gan Opera.

3. Bangzi cavity

Bangzi Opera is the general name of a kind of opera vocal system. It originated from "Shaanxi Bangzi" at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and is characterized by high-pitched and powerful singing and high-five with wooden bangzi. Then it developed eastward and southward, forming different forms of Bangzi cavity in different areas, such as Shanxi Bangzi, Hebei Bangzi, Henan Bangzi and Shandong Bangzi.

4. Peking Opera

Peking Opera, also known as "Pihuang", consists of two basic tones: Xipi and Huanger. It also sings some local tunes (such as Liu Zi Opera and Blowing Opera) and Kunqu Qupai. 1840 was formed in Beijing and prevailed in 1930s and 40s. It is sometimes called "National Opera". It is still a big drama with national influence. It is the representative of China modern opera, with comprehensive business, mature performance and magnificent momentum.

Step 5 get together by chance

In the late Qing Dynasty, Pingju was formed on the basis of the ditty "Lotus Falls Opposite" in Luanxian County, Hebei Province. It was first popular in rural areas of Hebei province, and then entered Tangshan, and was called "Tangshan Xiazi". It was popular in Northeast China around the 1920s, and a number of actresses appeared. After 1930s, under the influence of Peking Opera and Hebei Bangzi, Pingju became more and more mature, and schools such as Bai, Cailian and Ai Lianjun appeared. After 1950, Liu Qiaoer, Flowers as Media, Yang Sanjie's Complaints, Qin Xianglian and other plays had a great influence throughout the country, with new, famous and famous actors appearing. Pingju is still very popular in Hebei and Beijing.

6. Hebei Bangzi

Hebei Bangzi is a Bangzi opera popular in Hebei and Beijing. It originated from Shanshan Bangzi at the border of Shaanxi and was introduced to Hebei via Shanxi, and was formed by combining Hebei dialect and Beijing dialect. It keeps the characteristics of bangqiang, sings loudly and violently, and is good at performing tragic plots. Hebei Bangzi's famous dramas include Butterfly Cup, Yuanmen Chopper, Du Shiniang and so on.

7. Jin Opera

Jin Opera, also known as "Middle Road Bangzi", developed from Shanshan Bangzi at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi to Shanxi, and was formed by combining the characteristics of Shanxi language. Now it is popular in central Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei. It keeps the characteristics of clapping with the beat, and its musical style is not only high-pitched, but also gentle and delicate. The performance is simple and popular. Famous plays include Golden Branch, Little Banquet and Selling Paintings to Open the Door.

8. Pu Opera

Pu Opera, also known as "Zhou Pu Bangzi", was developed from Shanshan Bangzi, the first Shanshan Bangzi. Now it is popular in the southwest of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan, with a similar accent and Shaanxi dialect. Famous dramas include hanging pictures, killing dogs and killing post stations.

9. Shangdang Bangzi

Shangdang Bangzi, one of the four major Bangzi in Shanxi, is developed from Zhou Pu Bangzi in southwest Shanxi and is popular in Shangdang area in southeast Shanxi. Besides Bangzi, it also sings Kunqu Opera, Pihuang Opera and Luoluo Opera. Plays include "Three Customs Banquet" and "East Gate Meeting".

10, Yanxi

Yan Opera, also known as "North Road Bangzi", developed from "Zhou Pu Bangzi" and is popular in northwest Shanxi, Zhangjiakou, Hebei and Inner Mongolia. It is said that it has a great influence on the formation of Hebei Bangzi. Dramas include Bloody Handprints and Jinshui Bridge.

1 1, Shaanxi opera

Shaanxi Opera, also known as Shaanxi Bangzi, is the earliest opera of Bangzi, which was formed in the middle of Ming Dynasty. His performance is rough and simple, his singing is loud and exciting, his voice is like a roar, and he is good at expressing tragic plots. The repertoires include Butterfly Cup, You Gui Shan, Three Drops of Blood and so on.

12, table for two

Errentai is a popular opera in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province. It was formed on the basis of Inner Mongolia folk songs and Shanxi folk tunes, and then gradually matured by absorbing the performance elements of Shanxi opera. The performance is full of life and the lyrics are well-known. Most of the dramas are small dramas that show rural life, such as "Walking West" and "Five Brothers Grazing Sheep".

13, Ji Xi

Ji Opera is a popular drama in Jilin Province. Developed on the basis of the "Errenzhuan" in Northeast China in 1950s, it has light tunes, popular words and expressions, simple and popular performances, and plays such as Yan Qing and Bao Gong's Compensation.

14, Longjiang Opera

Longjiang Opera, popular in Heilongjiang Province, was formed on the basis of "Errenzhuan", Latin Opera, Shadow Play and Northeast Local Folk Songs in 1950s. Its performance is relaxed and humorous, and its lyrics are well-known. Plays include Shuang Suoshan and Baoyu in the Wasted Capital.

15, Henan Opera

Henan Opera, also known as "Henan Bangzi". Shaanxi Bangzi, which was introduced to Henan in the late Ming Dynasty, was developed by combining Henan dialect and folk tunes, and is now popular in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and other provinces. At first, there were four schools, namely Eastern Henan, Western Henan, Xiangfu and Sha Hetiao. At present, eastern Henan and western Henan are the main areas. Chang Xiangyu, Chen Suzhen, Cui Lantian, Ma Jinfeng, Yan Lipin and other famous actresses appeared in succession. The repertoires include Mu in Command, Matchmaker, Hua Da Chao, Hua Zhuan Gun and modern drama Chaoyanggou.

16, Cantonese

Yuediao is a local opera in Henan, which is popular in Henan and northern Hubei. It is also called "four-stranded string" because it is the main accompaniment instrument. Music is dominated by banqiang, and qupai is also sung. Famous actors include Shen et al. Plays include Jiang Wei, Li Tianbao's Wedding Clothes, and Zhuge Liang's Funeral.

17, Qufu, Henan

Henan Quju is a local opera in Henan province, which is popular in Henan province and northwest Hubei province and developed from Quyi "Henan Quzi". Singing softly and tactfully, he is good at tragic content. Plays include Tong, Chen Sanliang and Hua Ting Hui.

18, Shandong Bangzi

Shandong Bangzi is a local opera in Shandong Province, which is popular in Heze, Shandong Province. Because of its ancient name "Cao Zhou", it is also called "Cao Zhou Bangzi". This bangzi system was formed after Shanshan Bangzi was introduced to Shandong via Henan. The main play is The Story of the Wall.

19, Lu Opera

Shandong Opera is a local opera in Shandong Province, which is popular in central Shandong, Jiangsu and Henan. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was developed from the folk rap art "Shandong", and 1950 was named "Lu Opera". Lu opera performance is full of life, popular and simple, simple singing, easy to learn and sing. Therefore, Lu Opera has a great influence in the vast rural areas. Dramas include The Borrowing of the King, Sister Xian and The Remarriage of Li Ernian.

20. Huai Opera

Huai Opera is a local opera in Jiangsu Province, which is popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai and Anhui. It originated from Jiangsu folk drama, and then absorbed the artistic factors of Huizhou opera, and gradually developed and matured. His performance was crude and simple. The repertoire includes the traditional repertoire "Female Judge", "Three Women Grab the Board" and the new drama "Golden Dragon and the Ephemera".

2 1, Shanghai Opera

Shanghai Opera is a popular local opera in Shanghai, which originated from a folk song in Pudong, Shanghai, and later formed Shanghai Tan Chun Diao, which was influenced by Suzhou Tan Chun. In 1930s, it was performed in Shanghai in the form of civilized drama, and it was named Shanghai Opera. Most of the plays are modern themes, such as laughing and crying, marriage, arhat money and Lu Danghuo.

22. farce

Burlesque is a traditional China drama popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang. "One-man show" originated in Shanghai, and later developed into a farce with complicated tunes and funny performances. The main repertoires are San Mao's Students' Intention and 123 trot.

23. Yue Opera

Yue Opera is a local opera popular in Zhejiang. Originated in "Duban" in Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province, it entered Shanghai around 19 16 and performed in the name of "Shaoxing Literary Opera". First it was dominated by actors, then it became dominated by actresses. After 1938, use the name "Yue Opera". During the period of 1942, the actors of Yue Opera, led by Yuan Xuefen, reformed their performance and singing, absorbed the advantages of Kunqu Opera, and formed a gentle and delicate performance style. Yuan school, school, fan (