What is the Teng of Yi nationality?

Tiger Totem Worship of Yi People

In the matriarchal clan period of primitive society, people regarded a certain animal or plant as the object of worship because of their special affinity for animals and plants. They regard the totem they believe as the symbol of their clan, and even regard it as the ancestor of their nation. The worship of tigers by Yi people in Yunnan, China originated from this ancient totem belief.

The Yi folk epic Meige records that at the beginning of creation, God sent his five sons to make heaven. After the sky is made, use lightning to test the sky. As a result, the sky fell apart. What can be used to make up for it? The gods thought that the tiger was the most powerful thing in the world, so they sent five sons to subdue the tiger, and then used a big bone of the tiger as the support of Tianzhu, so that the sky was stable.

They also regard the tiger's head as the head of the sky, the tiger's tail as the tail of the earth, the tiger's nose as the nose of the sky, the tiger's ear as the ear of the sky, the left eye as the sun, the right eye as the moon, the tiger's beard as the sun, the tiger's teeth as the stars, the tiger's oil as the clouds, the tiger's anger as the fog, Tigerheart as the heart and gallbladder, the tiger's belly as the sea, the tiger's blood as the sea water and the large intestine as the river.

Hei Hu clan is the ancient ancestor of Yi people, and its biggest feature is that it worships Hei Hu, that is, it takes Hei Hu as its totem, which has been maintained to this day. The Yi people call the tiger Luo, and the Yi people in many places also call themselves Luo Luo, which means the tiger family. They think they are a country of tigers. They celebrate Tiger Festival every year, from the eighth day of the first lunar month to the end of the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. During the Tiger Festival, all people are very happy, jumping tiger sheng and offering sacrifices to tiger ancestors to pray for good luck and eliminate disasters. When they hold ancestor worship ceremony, they use a ladle with a tiger's head painted to symbolize their ancestors.

Many Yi people consider themselves tiger people. In some villages, there is also a saying that "people die and tigers die, and tigers die and flowers die". In their surnames, the common Luo means that they are descendants of tigers. Men call themselves Luo Luopu or Luo Po, which means male tiger; Women call themselves Rama, which means tigress. Yi people used to be cremated, and they thought they could return to their ancestors as tigers after cremation.

There are many hills, streams and villages called tigers in places where the Yi people live together, because the places where tigers live and live should be named after tigers.

The tiger is regarded as the king of beasts by China people. It is a symbol of strength and majesty, respected as a primitive totem by Yi ancestors, and a symbol of good luck and happiness. Because tigers are considered as their ancestors, some Yi people worship their ancestral spirit in shrines. Tiger-shaped gods are hung on the gate to ward off evil spirits, tiger totems are hung on the wall, and tiger-shaped Shi Hu gods are placed at the entrance of the village. The Yi people call the tiger god Ronnie, which is the most effective and noble god in their hearts. The Tiger God can eliminate disasters and exorcise evil spirits for them, and can bless them with contentment, auspiciousness and peace. They put themselves, their families and their happiness under the protection of the tiger god.

What is the totem of Yi people?

Yi nationality is one of the great nationalities with a long and ancient culture in China, and there are traces of tiger totem worship in Yi nationality. Tiger is the primitive totem of Yi nationality. With the population branching and reproduction of primitive clan, many derived totems or other kinds of worship have emerged. The worship of tiger totem is manifested in the historical legends and customs of the Yi people: the Yi people call the tiger Luo, and a branch that accounts for about half of the Yi population calls itself Luo Luopu, meaning "tiger clan" or "tiger man". In other words, about half of the Yi people consider themselves "tigers". When they hold ancestor worship ceremony, they use a ladle with a tiger's head painted to symbolize their ancestors. In the Yi village of Shuangbai County, Wei Chu, there is an annual "Tiger Festival", which receives tiger ancestors on the eighth day of the first month and sends them away on the fifteenth day of the first month. Dance "Tiger Sheng" during "Tiger Festival", offering sacrifices to tiger ancestors, praying for disaster relief, and having a happy family. In today's Yi people's life, there are a lot of tiger worship customs. The patterns of tigers can be seen everywhere in Yi architecture, costumes and folk handicrafts, and the remains of tiger totem worship can be seen everywhere. Totem is not a true representation of something in real life. Animals, plants and non-living things are always endowed with mysterious and sacred colors after primitive people's imagination, exaggeration and processing. Primitive people once had three understandings of totems: their own blood relatives, ancestors of clan groups and patrons of clan groups. Scholars can understand these metaphorical meanings in totem art with the help of symbolic meanings contained in totem images.

What is the totem worship of Yi people?

Yi nationality is one of the great nationalities with a long and ancient culture in China, and there are traces of tiger totem worship in Yi nationality. Tiger is the primitive totem of Yi nationality. With the population branching and reproduction of primitive clan, many derived totems or other kinds of worship have emerged. Tiger totem worship has the following manifestations in the historical legends and life customs of Yi people:

The Yi language calls the tiger Luo, and a branch that accounts for about half of the Yi population calls itself Luoluopu, which means "tiger clan" or "tiger people". In other words, about half of the Yi people consider themselves "tigers". When they hold ancestor worship ceremony, they use a ladle with a tiger's head painted to symbolize their ancestors. In the Yi village of Shuangbai County, Wei Chu, there is an annual "Tiger Festival", which receives tiger ancestors on the eighth day of the first month and sends them away on the fifteenth day of the first month. Dance "Tiger Sheng" during "Tiger Festival", offering sacrifices to tiger ancestors, praying for disaster relief, and having a happy family.

In today's Yi people's life, there are a lot of tiger worship customs. The patterns of tigers can be seen everywhere in Yi architecture, costumes and folk handicrafts, and the remains of tiger totem worship can be seen everywhere.

References:

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Yi totem

I don't know. Let me guess. The circular one in the middle probably refers to the "solar calendar", which is an ancient calendar comparable to Mayan civilization. The house below probably refers to architectural culture, and the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" above symbolizes ancient history and culture, and the Torch Festival on both sides probably refers to traditional festivals! (purely personal opinion, blind! (* _ _ *) Hee hee ...)

What is the belief of Yi people?

Yi people's religion has a strong primitive religious color, and they believe in many gods, mainly including nature worship, totem worship and ancestor worship.

In the worship of nature, the most important thing is the belief in elves and ghosts. It is believed that many inanimate substances in nature are attached to elves, everything left by the ancestors of a family, such as clothes, jewelry, silverware, utensils and so on. , you can attach the elf "Jill" (meaning "blessing"), which is considered to have the magic power to protect the family. In addition, it personifies natural things and worships various natural gods. People believe that there is a god in the sky, a god on the earth and a god in the sun. All mountains, rivers and lightning are dominated by gods. For example, in Le Auteuil, Yao Butterfly and other gods were created to create the universe and dominate everything in the universe. ?

Totem worship is the development and deepening of nature worship. According to the genealogy of Yi people, animals, plants or other natural objects are often used as surnames. For example, Liangshan Yi people have surnames such as "pulling (tiger) horse", "jima (bamboo)" and "cutting (carving)"; Until the 1940s, the Yi people in Wuding, Yunnan Province still retained the remains of the totem system such as monkeys, tigers, dragons, roes, rats, cows, buffaloes, birds, phoenixes, snakes, bees, pears, black sand, light, earth, mountains, forks in the road and hip flask. ?

Before liberation, Liangshan Yi people took ancestor worship as the core, and integrated nature worship, ghost worship and totem worship. Around these beliefs, we often carry out activities such as killing animals and offering sacrifices to ghosts, praying for disaster relief, evoking spirits and sending them away, as well as divination, divination and taboo. Yi people believe in ghosts and have the concept of "immortal soul". They believe that the human soul can exist without the human body. The soul is possessed at birth and wanders around the world after death. Yi language is "Ira". "Immortality of soul" provides an ideological basis for ancestor worship of Yi people. In the whole religious consciousness of Yi people, ancestor worship occupies an important position. The ancestor worship of the Yi people is characterized by "Ma Du Guo" ("An Ling") and "Kubi" ("Seeing the Spirit off") to their parents. With this ceremony, the soul of the deceased will become "Jill" to protect future generations, and will not become "Nizi" to worship future generations. In order to carry out a ceremony of requiem for the deceased, please ask Bimo to make a spiritual tablet (Madu) to prevent the souls of the deceased from wandering around. After the death of the previous generation (immediate family member), please ask Bimo to perform "pinch" (crossing ceremony). Send the soul away and let it live leisurely in the place where its ancestors first lived. In addition, we should worship our ancestors first and bring them back for the holidays. ?

Bimo and Su Ye are the hosts of Yi religious activities, especially Bimo, who is not only the host of religious activities, but also the disseminator of Yi culture. Bimo is hereditary, passed from male to female. They are generally familiar with Yi classics, astronomical calendars, genealogy, ethics, epics, myths and legends, Yi literature and so on. They are the communicators between the Yi people and the gods, and invite Bimo to be present to recite scriptures such as life and death, festivals, * * *, disasters and so on. Bimo has a lot of scriptures. It can be divided into several categories, including sacrifice sutra, divination sutra, exorcism sutra, ghost sending sutra, guiding sutra and evocation sutra. In addition to the scriptures, Bimo also has magic fans, magic hats, Mo Ling, tube signing and other instruments. Bimo not only presided over religious activities, but also relied on his prestige to help family leaders make divine judgments on property disputes, theft and quarrels. On the other hand, Su Ye is good at jumping to exorcise ghosts. He has no classics and is not hereditary, and can be used by both men and women. ?

In addition to the existence of their own ethnic religions in history, Taoism and Buddhism have also been introduced into Yi areas and accepted by Yi people in some areas. Yi people in the suburbs near Kunming, like Han people, go in and out of Buddhist temples, Kannonji, Guan Sheng Temple and laojunmiao. In some areas, the traditional worship of nature and ancestors of Yi people is combined with Taoism and Buddhism. For example, in Weishan and other places, in addition to offering sacrifices to ancestors, the Yi people also offer memorial tablets of "Heaven and Earth", honoring the Buddha, the old man, Guanyin and the chef. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, Catholic missionaries preached in Liangshan, Yunnan and Guizhou, building churches and running missionary schools. Paul Vial, a French priest, preached in the Yi nationality area in southern Yunnan for more than 30 years. Therefore, some Yi people believe in Catholicism. ?

What is the totem of Yi people?

Tiger Totem Worship of Yi People

In the matriarchal clan period of primitive society, people regarded a certain animal or plant as the object of worship because of their special affinity for animals and plants. They regard the totem they believe as the symbol of their clan, and even regard it as the ancestor of their nation. The worship of tigers by Yi people in Yunnan, China originated from this ancient totem belief.

They also regard the tiger's head as the head of the sky, the tiger's tail as the tail of the earth, the tiger's nose as the nose of the sky, the tiger's ear as the ear of the sky, the left eye as the sun, the right eye as the moon, the tiger's beard as the sun, the tiger's teeth as the stars, the tiger's oil as the clouds, the tiger's anger as the fog, Tigerheart as the heart and gallbladder, the tiger's belly as the sea, the tiger's blood as the sea water and the large intestine as the river.

Hei Hu clan is the ancient ancestor of Yi people, and its biggest feature is that it worships Hei Hu, that is, it takes Hei Hu as its totem, which has been maintained to this day. The Yi people call the tiger Luo, and the Yi people in many places also call themselves Luo Luo, which means the tiger family. They think they are a country of tigers. They celebrate Tiger Festival every year, from the eighth day of the first lunar month to the end of the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. During the Tiger Festival, all people are very happy, jumping tiger sheng and offering sacrifices to tiger ancestors to pray for good luck and eliminate disasters. When they hold ancestor worship ceremony, they use a ladle with a tiger's head painted to symbolize their ancestors.

Many Yi people consider themselves tiger people. In some villages, there is also a saying that "people die and tigers die, and tigers die and flowers die". In their surnames, the common Luo means that they are descendants of tigers. Men call themselves Luo Luopu or Luo Po, which means male tiger; Women call themselves Rama, which means tigress. Yi people used to be cremated, and they thought they could return to their ancestors as tigers after cremation.

There are many hills, streams and villages called tigers in places where the Yi people live together, because the places where tigers live and live should be named after tigers.

The tiger is regarded as the king of beasts by China people. It is a symbol of strength and majesty, respected as a primitive totem by Yi ancestors, and a symbol of good luck and happiness. Because tigers are considered as their ancestors, some Yi people worship their ancestral spirit in shrines. Tiger-shaped gods are hung on the gate to ward off evil spirits, tiger totems are hung on the wall, and tiger-shaped Shi Hu gods are placed at the entrance of the village. The Yi people call the tiger god Ronnie, which is the most effective and noble god in their hearts. The Tiger God can eliminate disasters and exorcise evil spirits for them, and can bless them with contentment, auspiciousness and peace.

Are there any pictures and materials about the totem of the Yi people in Chuxiong, Yunnan? thank you

Introduction of Yunnan Yi Totem Yunnan Yi people have always had the custom of tiger totem worship, and there are many totems derived from it. When the Yi people hold ancestor worship ceremony, they use tiger head gourd ladle to symbolize their ancestors. Chuxiong Yi woodcarving mask is rough and bold, with mysterious color; In Dayao County, a kind of wood carving totem worship "Le Hu" is used by the Yi people in Guihua County to celebrate their wedding, including a type that looks like hanging a mask. I visited three customs of tiger worship that have been passed down to this day in Ailaoshan Yi area of Shuangbai County, namely, the big gong sheng, the tiger sheng and the leopard sheng (the little leopard dance). The branch of Lolo is still black, worshiping tigers, taking Hei Hu as a totem, and thinking of itself as "the country of tigers &; Qu Dan t; .

The custom of worshipping tigers still remains in many branches of Yi nationality, but it shows different forms due to different regions. The picture shows the mud tiger in the house of Sani people, a branch of Yi nationality, photographed in Xianrendong Village, Qiubei County on June 4, 2002. Its shape is Gu Zhuo-style, simple, exaggerated and naive. Yellow mud is air-dried as a blank and not fired.

The Meaning of Totems of All Nationalities in China

Totems of all ethnic groups in China have their own national meanings.

1, dragon

Totem gods worshipped by all ethnic groups.

China's dragon has the basic characteristics of totem and is a totem god worshipped by all ethnic groups. It means that China people are "descendants of the dragon" or "descendants of the dragon".

2. Mongolians

It is produced by the combination of a tribe with Canglang as its totem and a tribe with White Deer as its totem, so they first came to worship wolves and deer as Dan. Comparatively speaking, wolves are stronger than deer, so Mongolians regard wolves as the totem of their own nation, which of course means tenacity and courage.

3. Naxi people regard cows as ancient creation beasts. In the Genesis of Dongba Sutra of Naxi nationality, this magical cow hatched from a giant egg in the sea was described, which broke through the ground with its horns and hooves, causing the earth to shake. It was killed by Seven Sisters, the ancestor of Naxi nationality and the seventh brother of Kaidi, who sacrificed ox heads to heaven, cowhide, meat, earth, bone, stone, tendon, mountain, blood, sun, liver and moon. In this way, there will be a clear and bright sky, the sun and the moon, and a quiet world where everything grows. Since then, cows have been regarded as sacred objects, used to sacrifice and worship the mountains and rivers in the world. Naxi people respect the cow god, which means that cows give all things in the nation a peaceful world.

There are also tiger totems and gourd totems of the Yi people. Maple totem and buffalo totem of Miao nationality; Tiger totem, chicken totem and fish totem of Bai nationality; Tiger totem and bear totem of Yi nationality; Tiger totem, leopard totem, monkey totem and so on of Naxi nationality.

Why do Yi people worship Hei Hu as a totem?

Just ask them there.

What is the totem of Manchu?

Yan Fu, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, introduced the word "totem" into China. He translated the word "totem" into "totem" for the first time when he translated the book "General Interpretation of Society" by the British scholar Jenks, which became a commonly used translation name in China academic circles.

Yan Fu pointed out in his comments that totem is a symbol of groups, aiming at distinguishing groups. It is believed that there were totem phenomena similar to those of Australians and Indians in ancient China. Using totem to explain myths, classics and folk customs can often get the same result. So, what is a totem? Totem is a primitive superstition that animals or natural things are related to the clan, so it is used as the emblem or symbol of the clan.

The Yi people living in Daliangshan, Sichuan, where Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces meet, still retain rich and long-standing astronomical knowledge. Today is the Year of the Rat, tomorrow is the Year of the Ox, the Year of the Tiger and the Year of the Pig. In some places, temples of the zodiac are built and annual ceremonies are held to dance the zodiac in a solemn atmosphere.

The proverb "When a mouse crosses the street, everyone shouts" shows that people generally hate mice. However, many clans and tribes in ancient times believed that their ancestors were mice and were proud of being descendants of mice. They draw and carve the image of mice and make long-term sacrifices in ceremonies or programs to pray for the protection of their ancestors.

The white tiger clan thinks that their ancestors are male white tigers, and tigers will not hurt them. When you want to travel far, you must choose the day when you belong to the tiger (cloudy day), thinking that only in this way can you do good luck. Some people come back from far away, but also have to calculate the exact date. Only the tiger day will enter the threshold.

It is said that their ancestors hatched from the eggs of Golden Flower Chicken, believing that the rooster knows the good and the bad and will bless them. When migrating, put things in a basket with a rooster on it. After arriving in the new area, the rooster will settle down where it crows. In the eyes of elders, the place where chickens crow is the most auspicious.

China's dragon has the basic characteristics of totem and is a totem god worshipped by all ethnic groups. It is explained in Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "The dragon, the scale worm's length, can be quiet and bright, big and small, long and short, the vernal equinox reaches the sky, and the autumn equinox goes deep." Legend has it that the birth and appearance of Yan Di, Huangdi, Yao, Shun and Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang are all related to dragons, all of which are dragon species and dragon sons. Ancient Vietnamese also thought they were dragons, so they kept tattooing like a dragon. Today, we often say "descendants of the dragon" or "descendants of the dragon" are all remnants of the concept of totem ancestors. As for the concept of dragon totem god, it is more common, and most ethnic groups once regarded dragon as a protector.

Wild boar god is the object of worship of hunters in the north, and is listed as a great god among Manchu people, saying that it is higher than mountains and hairy as forests. All the valleys in the mountains are harmed by its fangs. It is the patron saint of the tribe.

Some Naxi people regard cows as ancient creation beasts. In the Genesis of Dongba Sutra of Naxi nationality, this magical cow hatched from a giant egg in the sea was described, which broke through the ground with its horns and hooves, causing the earth to shake. It was killed by Seven Sisters, the ancestor of Naxi nationality and the seventh brother of Kaidi, who sacrificed ox heads to heaven, cowhide, meat, earth, bone, stone, tendon, mountain, blood, sun, liver and moon. In this way, there will be a clear and bright sky, the sun and the moon, and a quiet world where everything grows. Since then, cows have been regarded as sacred objects, used to sacrifice and worship the mountains and rivers in the world. Naxi people worship the cow god very much.

The worship of horses is mostly spread among nomadic people and hunters in the north. There is a myth of snow-white among the security guards. Manchu people have the custom of offering sacrifices to horse gods, and there are many records of offering sacrifices to horse gods and building horse temples in Qing literature. Daur people call God Horse "Wen Gu". This kind of god horse is not allowed for women to ride, you can eat it, you can walk around, and no one is allowed to catch it. You can even eat seedlings in the fields at will. Most horses are all white, and the whole tail is mane. They have never been trimmed, and colored silk is often tied to the mane as a symbol.

Sheep totem also occupies an important position in many ethnic groups. The ancient classic Shan Hai Jing describes an ancient immortal sheep with no mouth and no food. Kazakhs worship the goat god, which is called "Xie Ke Xie Ke Atta". They think that all the goats in the world belong to it, and it is sacrificed for the reproduction of goats. The worship of the sheep god is called "Shaopan Atta", which is in charge of all the sheep in the world. During the sacrifice, the god was asked to bless the sheep to be productive. Kirgiz people worship goats and call the goat god "Qilipan Ata", which is the first god to domesticate wild sheep into domestic animals.

The Han nationality was one of the earliest nations who trained dogs in ancient times. As early as Shan Hai Jing, it was recorded that dogs could resist fierce attacks ... >>