Please introduce more ancient knowledge, knowledge of the literary language, some ancient red tape

Ancient knowledge: The Eight Great Men of the Tang and Song dynasties is the collective name of eight literati known for their prose during the Tang and Song dynasties, namely, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe (collectively known as the Three Su), Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong in the Song Dynasty. Among them, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan is the leader of the Tang Dynasty ancient literature movement, Ouyang Xiu, three Su and other four people are the core of the Song Dynasty ancient literature movement, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong is the representative of Linchuan literature. They successively set off a new wave of ancient literature revolution, so that the stale face of the development of poetry and literature a new look.

It is found that early Ming Zhu right will be the above eight prose writer's articles compiled into the "eight Mr. Anthology", the name of the eight began here. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Tang Shunzhi compiled the "text", only take the Tang and Song dynasty eight prose writer's articles, other writers' articles are not collected. This played a role in the stereotyping and circulation of the name of the eight great writers of the Tang and Song dynasties. Shortly thereafter, respect for the Tang Shunzhi Maokun according to Zhu, Tang's method of compilation of eight articles, edited for the Tang and Song dynasty eight Wenzhu, Tang and Song dynasty, the name of the eight is then fixed. In addition to the eight said; another Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Zeng Gong, Wang Anshi four people, known as the Song four, or Song dynasty ancient four.

The Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove refers to the Three Kingdoms period of Cao Wei Zhengshi years (240-249), Jikang, Ruan Ji, Shantao, Xiangxiu, Liu Ling, Wang Rong and Ruan Xian, seven people, the first seven sages. Because often in Shanyang County at the time (today's Xiuwu area) under the bamboo forest, drinking, singing, wanton and hearty, the world called the Seven Wise Men, after the name of the place with the bamboo forest. In this regard, Mr. Wang Xiaoyi, in his article "The Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" (Historical Studies, No. 5, 2001), through searching the relevant translations of the Buddhist classic "Taishozo", believes that "Bamboo Grove" is a debatable point of view of the Eastern Jin Dynasty scholars who attached themselves to the Buddhist classics. Mr. Han Geping, in his article "The Names of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" (Literary Heritage, No. 2, 2003), also argues that the naming of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" and the monks and disciples who interpreted the scriptures of the Gueyi are completely different things, and that "Gueyi" is not credible. Wei Shaosheng in the " bamboo forest seven sages a number of issues to consider " ( " Zhongzhou Journal ", 1999, No. 5 ) in an article that " bamboo forest " should be in the seven sages of the center of the character Jikang's abode in Shanyang County. Most of the scholars who have conducted field tests on "Bamboo Forest" are not out of the above two sayings, but there are still doubts, and did not really solve the problem. Bamboo seven sages works basically inherited the spirit of Jian'an literature, but because of the bloody rule, writers can not express their feelings, so they had to use than Xing, symbols, myths and other techniques to express their thoughts and feelings in a subtle way. They have always been honored by people.

Parallel:

Two horses driving a cart side by side: ~chi.

Two things side by side, in pairs, in pairs: ~ sentence.

Parallel:

Two horses driving a car: ~ chi. ~ body. ~ branch. ~ Diffract (connected in juxtaposition).

Literary knowledge: Tongfazi is one of the generalized phenomena of Chinese ancient books. "Tongfazi" means "universal, borrowing", i.e., replacing the word with a word that has the same or similar pronunciation. Due to various reasons, the writer did not use the word, but temporarily borrowed the same or similar sound to replace the word, some people believe that part of the Tongfazhi is the ancient written by the white characters (aliases). Tongfazi, there is a broad, narrow sense of the difference. In the broad sense, they include ancient and modern characters, variant characters and generic characters. Tongfazhi is one of the Chinese characters used in ancient books. "Tongfazhi" means "generalization, borrowing", i.e., replacing a character with one that has the same or similar pronunciation. Due to various reasons, the writer did not use the word, but temporarily borrowed the same or similar sound to replace the word, some people believe that part of the Tongfazhi is the ancient written white (alias). As a matter of fact, the first person who wrote the characters can be said to have written the word "white", but later people have followed suit, and it is also accumulated. Tongyi characters are found in large numbers in ancient books.

Ancient etiquette: "Greeting" is a form of meeting ceremony, which is believed to have originated before the Zhou Dynasty, and has a history of more than 3,000 years. After the death of King Wu, his son, King Cheng of Zhou, who was young, took the throne, and was regulated by his uncle, Zhou Gong Dan, who took many measures to consolidate his power. Zhou Gong established the Zhou dynasty's rules and rituals and music systems, and established a political system centered on the patriarchal system. The ceremonial rites began to be widely practiced in the world.

Mào dié: eighty or ninety years old. The word "oldest" is a form of the Chinese character "耋" (耋), which means "oldest" and "oldest" (耋). The sound "耋" is "迭". Eighty to ninety years old is a person who is very old. In ancient times, there was a difference between men and women. Generally speaking, men were called "Shou", while women were not called "Shou", and were generally called "Fu". There is an old plaque in Luping Fule Xia Caiyuan Village in Yunnan Province, which says that a woman surnamed Wang in the village once lived to be over 100 years old, hence the name. Here, "期" means to expect, count on, "颐" means to support, "期颐人瑞" means that because of his advanced age, he needs and expects his children and grandchildren to support him.

Nine sons of the dragon means that the dragon has nine sons, and each of them is different from the other. The so-called "nine sons of the dragon" does not mean that the dragon happens to have nine sons. Traditional Chinese culture, to nine to indicate that very much, have the supreme status, nine is an imaginary number, but also the number of noble, so used to describe the dragon son. Dragon has nine sons of this statement has a long history, but exactly which nine animals has not been said, until the Ming Dynasty appeared a variety of statements. Ming Dynasty, some scholars notes, such as Lu Rong's "Beans Garden Miscellany", Li Dongyang's "Huailutang Collection", Yang Shen's "Shengan Collection", Li Dang's "Quanan Old Man Compendious Writings", Xu Yingqiu's "Yuzhitang talk rue", etc., the dragons of the son of the situation are documented, but not uniform.

One of the Nine Sons of the Dragon - Prisoner Bull Prisoner Bull, is the eldest of the Nine Sons of the Dragon, life love of music, it is often squatting on the head of the zither to enjoy the music of plucking the strings, so the head of the zither will be engraved on the remains of its image. This decoration has been used down, some expensive huqin head is still engraved with the image of the dragon's head, called "dragon head huqin".

The dragon was born nine sons of the second - Jairus Jairus, is the oldest two, always fight and kill, knife ring, knife handle, dragon swallow mouth is its remains. These weapons decorated with the image of the dragon, adding more intimidating power. It is not only decorated in the sands of the weapons of the generals, more heavily used in ceremonial and palace guards weapons, thus appearing more majestic and solemn.

Dragon nine sons of the three - mocking wind mocking wind, shaped like a beast, is the oldest three, the life of a good risk and good hope, the beasts on the corner of the temple platform is its legacy. These beasts are arranged in a single line, standing in front of the vertical ridge, the leader of the beasts is a bird riding "immortal", followed by: dragon, phoenix, lion, Tianma, seahorses, mythical beasts, fish, Xiezhi, bullfighting, and rows of shi. They are placed in a strict hierarchy, only the Palace of the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Hall of Supreme Harmony can be all ten, secondary halls are to be reduced accordingly. Mocking the wind, not only symbolizes good luck, beauty and majesty, but also has the meaning of deterring demons, remove the calamity. The placement of the mocking wind, so that the entire palace modeling both strict specifications and rich in change, to achieve a solemn and vivid harmony, grandeur and sophistication of the unity, it makes the towering hall adds a layer of mysterious atmosphere.

Dragon Nine Sons of the Fourth - Pujuan Pujuan, shaped like a coiled dragon, ranked fourth, the life of a good sound and good roar, Hong Zhong on the dragon-shaped animal knob is the remains of its image. It turns out that Puguan lived by the sea, and although he was the son of a dragon, he was always afraid of the whale, which was a huge animal. When the whale attacked, it was so scared that it roared loudly. People reported that according to the characteristics of its "sex good sound", "where the bell wants to make a big sound", that is, the Pujuan cast for the bell, and the wooden pestle to ring the bell in the shape of a whale. When ringing the bell, let the whale one after another to hit the bushel, so that it "ringing into the sky" and "special sound far away.

The fifth of the nine sons of the dragon - mythical geibi (mythical beast) mythical beast, shaped like a lion, ranked fifth, like to be quiet and do not like to move, good to sit down, but also like the fireworks, inmates of this Buddha's seat and incense burner on the feet of the decorations is the legacy of its image. Legend has it that this mythical animal decorated on the Buddha's seat is with Buddhism in the Han Dynasty by the Indians to China, to the period of the North and South Dynasties, China's Buddhist art has been commonly used, this shape through the creation of China's folk artists, so that it has the traditional Chinese style, and later became the Dragon's oldest five, and it is arranged in the place of more than in the cross-legged sitting or cross-footed sitting in front of the statue of the Buddha and Bodhisattva. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, stone lions or bronze lions under the neck collar in the middle of the dragon-shaped ornamentation is also the image of the mythical animal, which makes the traditional Chinese door lions guarding the gate more open and mighty.

Sixth of the Nine Sons of the Dragon - Ba Xi Ba Xi, also known as Bi Xi, resembles a tortoise and is the sixth son of the Dragon, who was a heavy bearer of weights and had great strength, and the tortoise instep under the pedestal of the monument is the statue of him. Legend has it that in the ancient times, Baxi used to carry the three mountains and five sacred mountains on his back and made waves in the rivers, lakes and seas. Later, it was subdued by Dayu when he tried to control the water. It obeyed Dayu's command, pushed mountains and dug ditches, dredged rivers, and contributed to the control of the water. After the flood had been cured, Yu was worried that Basha would go on the wild side again, so he brought a huge stone monument to the top of the sky and engraved on it the achievements of Basha in curing the water, and asked Basha to carry it, but the heavy stone monument pressed it so hard that it could not walk freely. Basha and the turtle is very similar, but a closer look but there are differences, Basha has a row of teeth, while the turtles do not have, Basha and turtles in the back of the armor on the number of armor and the shape of the differences. The Basha, also known as the stone turtle, is a symbol of longevity and good fortune. It always strains to hold its head forward, its four feet desperately holding on, struggling to move forward, but always unable to move away. The base of some of our country's illustrious stone monuments are carried by Basha, which can be seen in the Forest of Monuments and some monumental resorts.?

The seventh of the nine sons of the dragon - quodid quodid, also known as Charter, shaped like a tiger, is the oldest seven. It is a good life litigation, but also powerful, the upper part of the prison door that the tiger head-shaped decoration is the remains of its image. Legend has it that Jail is not only righteous, righteousness, and can distinguish right from wrong, impartial and judgment, coupled with its image of the powerful, prisoners in addition to this decorated in the prison door, but also prostrate in the government offices on both sides of the hall. Whenever the magistrate sits in the hall, the chief executive title plate and the upper end of the quiet avoidance plate, there will be its image, it is a tiger eye, looking around to see, to maintain the solemnity of the hall of righteousness.

Eighth of the Nine Sons of Dragon - Xi Tuoi (Nine Sons of Dragon) Xi Tuoi (Nine Sons of Dragon), a dragon like animal, was ranked as the eighth in the order of precedence, and he was good at writing in his whole life. The history of stone tablets in China is long and rich in content. Some of them are of simple and ancient shape with smooth and bright body which can be seen by the eyes; some are delicately engraved with vivid characters; and some of them are famous poems and inscriptions which are very popular and have been praised for thousands of years. As Xi Tuo is very fond of these artistic inscriptions, he is willing to be a dragon to set off these treasures of literature and decorate the pedestal more elegantly and beautifully. They are coiled around each other, look like slowly wriggling, and the base of the Ba Xia match together, more spectacular.

Dragon born nine sons of nine - chi dragons chi dragons, also known as scops owl, scops owl, dragon-shaped swallowing spine beast, is the old nine, mouth broad noise coarse, flat life is good to swallow, the temple spine at both ends of the curly-tailed dragons is the remains of its image. The Taiping Yuban" has the following account: "Tang will want to see, Han Xiangliang Hall disaster, the more witch said, 'there are fish in the sea gnarled, tail like a scops owl, waves that is the rain,' and then made its image in the tail, to hate the fire Cheung." The "witches" mentioned in the article are the Fong Shi, and the "fish and gnarls" are the predecessors of chi dragons. The chi dragon belongs to the water, it is used as an evil thing to avoid fire.