What is the classification of The Book of Songs?

The Book of Songs is divided into three categories: wind, elegance and ode. What criteria did the ancients use to classify? Later scholars also have different views on this, among which the powerful one has the following three views.

① Based on the content and function of poetry, represented by Preface to Mao Poetry. "Preface" says: "Wind, wind also, teaching also; The wind is moving and teaching is changing. " "The upper part of weathering, the lower part of the wind. The text is orange admonition. The speaker is not guilty, and the listener is warned, so it is called the wind. " "It is a matter of the country, it is the foundation of one person, which is called the wind; It is an elegance to talk about everything and form a wind in all directions. Elegant, that's all, saying that what the king did was ruined. " "Praise, a description of beauty and virtue, is dedicated to the gods with its success. This theory has a great influence on later generations, and more people respect the Maoists.

(2) Based on phonology, represented by Zheng Qiao's Six Classics and Austrian school theory. Zheng Qiao said: "The voice of rural customs is the wind, the voice of the court is elegant, and the voice of the ancestral temple is ode." According to Zhu Yizun's Textual Research on Confucian Classics and Righteousness, Li thinks that "people who write poems are the joy of the ancients" and "when poets write, they are already the wind, the elegance and the praise. The voice of the wind is not Kaya, the voice of elegance is not admirable, and it cannot be separated from Confucius. ". Cheng Dachang of southern Sichuan also said: "South, elegance and praise are the joy of their names." In modern times, Wang Guowei also said, "Ask the difference between elegance and vulgarity." In addition, the Book of Songs was originally a musical song, and this theory of "sound difference" had a greater influence in modern times. Most of the current textbooks are based on this.

(3) Multi-base theory. This theory not only emphasizes sound, but also distinguishes and explains music songs from their sources, authors, work styles and other aspects. The basis is multiple. This is the case with Zhu in the Song Dynasty. He pointed out that "wind, elegance and praise are the keynote of the movement, such as Lv Zhong tune and Dashi tune"; Furthermore, it is pointed out: "All the so-called' winds' in the poems are mostly made of ballads. The so-called men and women sing songs and express their feelings. ..... If my husband's poems are elegant, they are all the words of the temple music songs in the suburbs of Zhou Dynasty. Their language is harmonious and strong, with wide and dense meanings. Their authors are often saints, so they are eternal. " "The wind is the words of love between men and women in the alley, and elegance is the celebration of appreciating the work of Gong Qing's doctor in the court and the joy of singing and dancing in the ghost temple." At present, Yuan Xingpei's History of China Literature, a new textbook for higher education, goes on to say: "But the formation of musical characteristics is closely related to its use and regional characteristics, and music with different characteristics has different applications. Wind, elegance and ode are originally just a kind of music classification, and there are also differences in content in circulation. " Although the editor didn't make it clear, he actually adopted the theory of multiple bases based on music.