What is a file system?

Question1:It doesn't matter what file system is used for drive C.

No Impact ntfs backward compatibility This format has more advantages, such as storing files above 4g.

And the security is stronger. Windows7 needs this format to change FAT32 to NTFS, which can be used to start running.

So Cmd

Transform D:/fs:ntfs

D: It's the corresponding drive letter.

System disk failure point input converter c:/fs:ntfs enter,

The system will prompt that it cannot be completed in the current state and needs to be restarted. Enter "y",

Then Win XP will automatically shut down. After restarting twice, it will be NTFS!

Question What are the common file systems in linux? Let's start with the common ones. There are the following kinds.

Ext3 is a log file system, which can avoid the inconsistency of the file system data and automatically repair the inconsistency and errors of the data when it is stopped abnormally. However, it takes a lot of time to reorganize the file system (especially the large-capacity hard disk), and of course, there is no guarantee that 100% data will not be lost. It will record the writing action (every detail) of the whole disk in advance, so it can be traced back to the interrupted part after abnormal shutdown.

Ext4 can be the successor of Ext3 and the default file management system of RHEL6 system, which supports a larger file system to 1eb (1eb = 1, 073,741,824 GB and can have unlimited subdirectories). In addition, Ext4 file system can allocate block blocks in batches, which greatly improves the reading and writing of Extents.

XFS, as the default file management system of RHEL7, has obvious advantages in the log file management system after accidental shutdown, and can quickly recover files that may be damaged. In addition, the optimized log function has little effect on the performance of hard disk, and the maximum storage capacity of 18EB meets almost all requirements.

I learned all the above in the book "This is how linux should learn". You can download it.

Question 3: What does the hard disk file system mean? What's the difference between different formats? As far as the popular operating systems are concerned, there are four commonly used partition formats, namely FAT 16, FAT32, NTFS and Linux.

FAT 16

FAT 16 is a file allocation table with 16 bits, which is the most common disk partition format in early MS-DOS and Windows95 operating systems. FAT 16 can support a maximum of 2GB hard disk. From the early MS-DOS, Windows95 and Windows97 to the present Windows98, Windows2000, Windows NT and Linux all support the FAT 16 partition format. One of the biggest shortcomings of FAT 16 partition format is the low disk utilization efficiency. Because in DOS and Windows operating systems, the allocation of disk files is based on clusters, and a cluster is only allocated to one file, no matter how large this file accounts for the capacity of the whole cluster. In this way, even if a file is small, it will occupy a cluster, and all the remaining space will be idle there, resulting in a waste of disk space. Due to the limitation of partition table capacity, the larger the partition supported by FAT 16, the larger the capacity of each cluster on the disk, and the greater the waste. So in order to solve this problem, Microsoft introduced a brand-new disk partition format FAT32 in Win97.

FAT32

FAT32 uses a 32-bit file allocation table, which greatly enhances its disk management performance. Compared with FAT 16, the size of a cluster is much smaller. Therefore, it can save disk space. FAT32 also solves the limitation that the capacity of each partition of FAT 16 is only 2GB. Nowadays, the production cost of hard disk is getting lower and lower, and the capacity is getting larger and larger. After adopting the partition format of FAT32, we can define a large hard disk as a partition without dividing it into several partitions, which greatly facilitates the management of the disk. Moreover, FAT32 has the biggest advantage: in the partition below 8GB, the capacity of each cluster in FAT32 partition format is fixed at 4KB, which can greatly reduce the waste of disks and improve the utilization rate of disks compared with FAT 16. At present, the operating systems supporting FAT32 partition format are Windows97, Windows98 and Windows2000. However, this partition format also has its disadvantages. First of all, due to the expansion of file allocation table, the disk partitioned in FAT32 format is slower than the disk partitioned in FAT 16 format. In addition, because DOS does not support this partition format, DOS system cannot be used after adopting this partition format.

Windows NT file system (NT File System)

Its advantages are excellent security and stability, and it is not easy to produce file fragments in use. It can record the user's operation. By strictly limiting the user's authority, each user can only operate according to the authority given by the system, which fully protects the security of the system and data. But at present, there are not many operating systems supporting this partition format, only WindowsNT, Windows2000 and WindowsXP.

Linux operating system

Linux is the most popular operating system in 1999, and its disk partition format is completely different from other operating systems. There are two kinds of * * *. One is the Linux native main partition, and the other is the Linux Swap partition. The security and stability of these two partition formats are excellent, and the probability of crash is greatly reduced after combining with Linux operating system. However, at present, the only operating system that supports this partition format is Linux.

After reading the introduction of the above four partition formats, you must know something about the disk partition format. Then according to the operating system you need to install, choose the corresponding partition format and partition your hard disk.

Question 4: What is the difference between a system file and a file system? Of course there is a difference.

System files. You're right. Windows performance is usually placed on drive C, which is a necessary file for normal system startup. If one or more of them is broken, it can't be started.

File system refers to the format of the system. For example, there are fat, fat32 and NTFS, which can be selected when the system is formatted. Now ntfs format is widely used. Because there are many advantages such as encryption and permissions. To become a server, you must use a file system in ntfs format.

As for the office you mentioned, it is not a system file or a file system. It is an application software.

Question 5: What are the common file systems? What are their characteristics? How to choose 15 for FAT32?

1. Compared with FAT 16, FAT32 has the advantage of supporting 2TB(2047GB) disks.

Holding in 5 12MB area is based on 32GB； supported by FAT32Win 2000; Based on FAT 16Wi

N 2000 supports an area of 4GB.

2. Because the cluster FAT32 file system is used to save information more effectively, these two areas

2GB area adopts FAT 16 file system, while other areas adopt FAT32 file system and adopt FAT 16.

Cluster 32kbfat32cluster 4kb fat32 has higher storage efficiency than FAT 16.

The situation in Qualcomm has increased by 15%.

3. Relocate the root directory of FAT32 file system, use FAT backup copy, and start recording in FAT32 area.

Include key data structure to reduce that crash performance of the computer system.

Windows NT file system (NT File System)

1.NTFS support area (using state disks as volumes) reached 2TBWin in 2000.

FAT32 support area 32GB

2.NTFS recovery file system NTFS users need to run the disk repair program NTFS pass less.

Using standard transaction log recovery technology to ensure system failure event NTFS

Self-recovery of file system flexibility using log file checkpoint information

3.NTFS support area, folder files compress any NTFS area based on Windows applications.

A compressed file needs to be decompressed in advance by its program for reading and writing, and the file is obtained from

Decompression is performed; Close the file or save it from the file for compression.

4.NTFS uses more clusters to manage disk space more effectively. Win 2000FAT32 file system information.

Conditions, regional 2 GB ~ 8 GB cluster 4 KB; Regional 8 GB ~ 16 GB cluster 8 KB;

Area 16gb ~ 32gb, and the cluster reaches the area of 16kbwin2000tfs file system.

2GB, the cluster is better than the corresponding FAT32 cluster; Area 2 GB (2 GB ~ 2 TB), cluster

Compared with FAT32, 4KB is more effective than NTFS in managing disk space restrictions.

Waste disk space

5.NTFS area, * * * The access rights settings for resources, folders and files include

Double-sided content: which groups or users' folders and files are allowed to access resources; Second, get an interview.

Allow groups or users to access this level. Permission settings apply to this computer.

Users who access folder files through the network, network users and FAT32 file system.

It is safer to access folders or files. In addition, Win 2000 in NTFS format is adopted.

, apply audit policy folders, files and directories to audit and record security records.

Check which groups or users' folders, files or directories are similar to the progress level through the security log.

If other operations find that the system can be inaccessible, corresponding measures can be taken to reduce security risks.

The lower FAT32 file system can be realized.

6.Win 2000 TFS file system disk quota management disk quota administrator user

Quota limit of available disk space; Set the disk space within the quota for each user.

Disk quota is tracked and controlled by each user's disk usage, and the monitoring flag is super.

Quota alarm threshold quota limits users to take corresponding measures Disk quota management function provides

Administrators can reasonably allocate storage resources to users to avoid the problem of out-of-control use of disk space.

System crash improves system security.

7.NTFS uses the change log to track the changes made in the log file.

I'll give you one ~ ~ I can't write textbooks ~ I don't have that kind of writing ~ ~ haha ~ ~

When we install an operating system on a new hard disk, we must partition and format it before we can install it. In this process, we usually have to face the problem of which file system to adopt. The choice of file system determines the performance of operating system to some extent.

Win 2000 can support both FAT32 and NTFS file systems, FAT32 is longer than Win 9X, and NTFS is longer than system security. On the premise of satisfying the application, how to set the file system to give full play to the characteristics of Win 2000? Before discussing this issue, let's take a look at the characteristics of FAT32 and NTFS file systems.

FAT32 file system

Before the introduction of FAT32 file system, the file system commonly used by PC was FAT 16. The systems based on MS-DOS and Win 95 all adopt FAT 16 file system. Under Win 9X, ... >>

Question 6: What kinds of Windows file systems are there in the file system of Windows operating system?

Windows3.x and MS-DOS always use the file allocation table (FAT) system. Windows95 uses the extended FAT file system; While continuing to support 16 bit file system, WindowsNT file system also supports two 32-bit file systems-Windows NT file system (NTFS) and high-performance file system (HPFS). These file systems have their own advantages and disadvantages and are suitable for different application purposes.

First, the file allocation table (FAT) system.

The FAT file system 1982 is suitable for MS-DOS. The main advantage of FAT file system is that it can be accessed by various operating systems, such as MS-DOS, Windows3.x, Windows95/98/2k, WindowsNT and OS/2. Moreover, for ARC-compatible computers, the main partition must be formatted as a FAT partition, and the size of this partition only needs to be able to store the files of the boot machine, and it will not be used to store data and other application files. Unfortunately, the FAT file system does not support long file names. When people name files, they are limited by 8 character names, 3 character extensions and the naming rules of 8.3. At the same time, FAT file system can not support the advanced fault-tolerant characteristics of the system, and it has no internal security features.

Second, the extended file allocation table (VFAT) system

In Windows95, by extending the FAT file system, the problem of long file names has been well solved, which is what people call the extended FAT(VFAT) file system. In Windows95, the file name can be as long as 255 characters, so people can easily use the name to represent the file. However, in order to be compatible with MS-DOS and Win 16-bit programs, the extension is still reserved. It also supports file date and time attributes, and keeps three dates/timestamps for each file: the date/time when the file was created, the date/time when the file was last modified, and the date/time when the file was last opened. The VFAT file system of Windows95 and the WindowsNT file system (NTFS) and high-performance file system mentioned below all support long file names. When using this function, please note the following points:

1. Because a long file name will occupy multiple directory entries, if you create a file name in the root directory, the total number of files that can be stored in the root directory will be affected; If you create a long file name in a subdirectory, it will take up more disk space.

2. Deleting or changing the file name converted from the long file name in MS-DOS will lose the name and character directory entries and type information directory entries occupied by the long file name. Unless special treatment is carried out, these directory entries will never be used in general MS-DOS.

3. Some existing dos-based disk management utilities (such as disk fragmentation tools, disk bit editors and some disk backup software) may destroy the long file name entries in the FAT table, but the corresponding 8.3 file names are not affected. Therefore, we should use the disk management utility provided by Windows95 as much as possible to perform file backup, recovery and other operations to keep long file names.

4. Some applications running in MS-DOS and Windows3.x can't recognize long file names. If you use these applications to open files with long file names and save them, the long file names will be lost. Or copy a file with a long file name to a system that does not support long file names, and the long file name will also be lost.

Third, the WindowsNT file system.

NTFS supports all the advantages of WindowsNT. The most important of these advantages is the security of WindowsNT. Combined with NTFS file system, it can specify who can access a file or directory and how to handle it. When creating a file, you can inform WindowsNT which users can read the file and which users can modify the file; In addition, you can specify who can list the contents of the directory and who can add files under it. Even if the user knows the path of the file, he can still prohibit access to the file in the directory. Only files in NTFS partitions have this name >>

Question 7: What is the function of the file system? What is the basic function of operating the file system? They include: managing and scheduling the storage space of files, providing the logical structure, physical structure and storage method of files; Realize the mapping of files from identification to actual address, realize the control operation and access operation of files, realize the sharing of file information, provide reliable file confidentiality and protection measures and provide file security measures.

The logical structure of a file is to organize the file structure according to the logical relationship of the file contents. The logical structure of files can be divided into stream files and record files.

Stream file: The data in the file is a string without structure.

Record file: consists of several logical records, each of which consists of the same data item. The length of a data item can be determined or uncertain.

Main defects: poor data correlation, inconsistent data and redundancy.

Operation, such as:

1, NTFS file system is a secure file system and can be formatted.

2.FAT32 file system can be converted into NTFS file system.

Question 8: What is a file system? Does the file system refer to hardware or software? Is it the * * * of a specific file or the hardware structure? What does it have to do with the directory structure? File system editing

File system is a method and data structure used by operating system to identify files on storage devices (usually disks, but also solid-state disks based on NAND flash memory) or partitions. Namely a method for organizing files on a storage device. The software organization responsible for managing and storing file information in the operating system is called file management system, or file system for short. The file system consists of three parts: the interface of the file system, the software for operating and managing objects, objects and attributes. From the system point of view, the file system is a system that organizes and allocates the space of file storage devices, is responsible for file storage, and protects and retrieves the stored files. Specifically, it is responsible for creating files for users, storing, reading, modifying and dumping files, controlling access to files, and revoking files when users no longer use them.

Reference: baike.baidu/...29rY_q.

Question: What file systems are there under Linux? The file systems we commonly use in Linux mainly include ext3, ext2 and reiserfs. At present, Linux supports almost all Unix file systems, except ext3, reiserfs and ext2 that we chose when installing the Linux operating system. It also supports HFS of Apple's MACOS and file systems of other Unix operating systems, such as XFS, JFS, Minix fs and UFS. You can view them in the source code of the kernel. If you want the system to support which file systems, you need to compile the file systems into modules or put them in the kernel;

Of course, Linux also supports Windows file systems NTFST and fa spindles, but it does not support the writing of NTFS file systems. Support reading and writing of fat file system. Now there is a new ext4 file system.