Hunan Yueyang Xiangyin suitable for planting tobacco planting?

Hunan Yueyang Xiangyin is suitable for planting tobacco planting, tobacco is a temperature-loving crop, above ground in the range of 8-38 ° C, are able to grow, the appropriate temperature for growth and development is 25-28 ° C, in minus 2-3C, the tobacco plant will die. The underground part can grow in the range of 7-43C, but the optimum temperature is 31C. The optimal temperature for seed germination is 24-29C, with a minimum temperature of 7.5-10C and a maximum temperature of 35C.

Direct Cultivation

Roasted tobacco direct cultivation method saves labor in seedling, transplanting and fertilizer catching; shortens the planting time; saves charcoal and seedling trays; and eliminates the need for seedling greenhouses. It is a patent invented by Guizhou Tobacco Scientific Research Institute, which was made public on November 21, 2012 by the State Intellectual Property Office. The operating points of the method are as follows:

The first step is to organize the tobacco land and open the box one and a half months in advance, apply base fertilizer along the center line of the bottom of the ridge, then start the ridge and wait for the rain to supplement the water of the ridge until there is sufficient soil moisture.

The second step is to make holes after the rain stops, and apply grass ash mixed with anti-underground pest chemicals into the holes.

The third step is to sow seeds in the holes, 1 seed per hole, and then spray the small holes with a transplanting agent until the ash and coated seeds are moist and absorbent, and cover with mulch.

The fourth step, until the seed sprouting seedlings and grow to two leaves and a heart in the film broken holes, when the tobacco seedlings to 20cm high, again fertilizer, fertilizer into the root of the tobacco plant holes, fill the holes with soil, to the tobacco plant grows to 50cm high after the uncovering of the film cultivation soil, pest control, timely top wipe buds, ripe in time for the harvesting and baking.

Floating seedling

China since the late nineties began to study floating seedling, into the twentieth century floating seedling area gradually promoted, and become the dominant seedling way. Floating nursery has high nursery efficiency, saving nursery land, reduce nursery labor, reduce the incidence of disease and other advantages, welcomed by tobacco farmers. At present, all parts of China are exploring different nursery methods, such as wet nursery method. Floating nursery on the main aspects around reducing the consumption of charcoal and reduce costs. For example, half-substrate nursery method, sand cultivation seedling method. But these in operation can not replace the mainstream floating nursery method. It is expected that in the future for a long period of time floating nursery will still be the main nursery method of China's tobacco nursery.

Tobacco floating nursery is a scale, specialization, commercialization of seedling production of modern nursery technology, key technologies, complex processes, management requirements, the key details are difficult to grasp, if the operation is not in place, the breeding of floating seedlings of low quality, poor resilience, the tobacco seedling with disease, affecting tobacco production. To cultivate a robust tobacco seedlings, need to focus on grasping the four keys: one is the whole process of strict disinfection; the second is the scientific control net, fertilizer and temperature; three is the right time and right degree of leaf refining; four is to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases.

Smoke seedlings after the seedlings, with the rising temperatures, smoke seedlings grow faster, strengthen management is particularly important. Therefore, to cultivate strong seedlings as the focus, strengthen the management of five aspects of fertilizer, temperature and temperature.

One is to strengthen the water and fertilizer management. Pool water management, the principle is "shallow first after deep". After sowing, the temperature is low, the depth of pool water should be controlled at about 5 cm. To the large cross period, with the rising temperatures, pool water should gradually deepen to 10 to 15 centimeters. Fertilizer management, the principle is "first less and then more". The first fertilization in the first true leaves appear, fertilization to disk calculation, 25 grams per disk. Nutrient liquid fertilizer must be dissolved first, and then mixed into the pool water; the second fertilization in the third leaf appeared, the amount of fertilizer and fertilization methods are the same as the first, the depth of the pool water 10 ~ 15 cm; the third fertilization, in the second fertilization after 15 days or so, at this time, the tobacco seedling will generally be obvious lack of fertilizer, fertilizer to 20 grams is appropriate. Fertilization should be flexible, according to the leaf color depth, appropriate amount of fertilizer.

The second is to strengthen the temperature and humidity management. Seed germination period suitable temperature is 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, growth suitable temperature is 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. Do not be higher or lower than the lower limit temperature and upper line temperature. Be careful to observe the thermometer, timely heat preservation and cooling management, ventilation is generally carried out at noon when the temperature in the shed is higher than 28 ℃, and the shed should be closed in the afternoon to keep warm; when the temperature plummets, it is necessary to cover tightly the shed film and sunshade netting, and add mulch for heat preservation. After the second leaf-cutting shed to uncover the shed membrane, gradually remove the shade net, large and medium shed open ventilation doors and windows, so that the tobacco seedlings gradually adapt to the external environment, to achieve the purpose of refining seedlings. Because of the abnormal weather changes, to flexibly control temperature and humidity management.

Three is to strengthen the management of seedlings, seedlings and leaf cutting. When the seedlings grow to a small cross period when it is necessary to carry out the seedlings, seedlings can improve ventilation and light conditions, to ensure that the neatness of the seedlings. Before inter-seedling operators should be prepared to disinfect facilities and equipment, timely disinfection of all objects that can contact the seedlings. Inter-seedling first sick seedlings, weak seedlings between the removal, and then with the excess of healthy seedlings to fill the empty holes, to ensure that each hole has a seedling; leaf cutting should be carried out at the right time to cut the leaves, regulating the relationship between the root system of the tobacco seedlings and the growth of stems and leaves. Sterilization measures before leaf-cutting should be strictly controlled, and sterilization should be in place. The first leaf-cutting in the seedlings to grow to 5 real leaves, will grow too fast seedlings minus 1/2, the purpose is to "control the big promote small", to promote the growth of tobacco seedlings neat and consistent. In the future, every 6 to 7 days to cut the leaves, cut the leaves 3 to 5 times, to ensure that the aboveground part of the tobacco seedlings and the underground part of the coordinated growth. Scrape the root with a bamboo slice will grow out of the bottom hole of the root system to scrape, improve the toughness of the stalks and promote the development of the root system. Each time you cut the leaves, root residue to clean up, before the tobacco and cut leaves should be sprayed with pesticides in a timely manner, timely treatment of poison elimination.

Fourth is to strengthen the management of forging seedlings. When the tobacco seedlings into the seedling period, should improve ventilation and light conditions, full of pool water, broken fertilizer forging seedlings. The shed on the shed membrane uncovered, large and medium shed open doors and windows, so that the seedling color into the green to light green. Leaf color green nursery pool to replace the pool water, guarantee to improve the rate of strong seedlings.

Fifth, strengthen the pest control management. Pest control should adhere to the "prevention-oriented, integrated prevention and treatment" principle, to eliminate the pathogen, control of morbidity conditions to carry out prevention and treatment. Must do a good job of seedling site, seedling shed, substrate, seedling tray and other aspects of the disinfection work, once the pathogen center is found to be removed in a timely manner, at the same time spraying prevention and control agents to prevent the spread. Seedling-prone diseases include: sudden collapse disease, standing blight, black shin disease, anthracnose, common mosaic disease, etc. Chlorothalonil, Dioxon, Retardant, Dyson zinc, etc. can be used to prevent and control, according to the instructions of the appropriate amount of medication. Pests that harm tobacco seedlings mainly include aphids, slugs, leaf miner flies, etc., which can be controlled by trichlorfon, Wanling, and antiphlogistic, etc., with appropriate dosage according to the instructions. To strictly control the concentration of phosphorus fertilizer in the nutrient solution, strictly disinfect the seedling tray, substrate, pool water, standardize the operation of loading the tray, strengthen the ventilation and light penetration, reduce the harm of algae. Spray copper sulfate to kill algae when algae appear. Strict control of the nutrient concentration of the nutrient solution can avoid salt damage. The smoke seedlings that have produced salt damage should be sprayed and drenched or eliminated by changing the pool water.