Being ordained and breaking the precepts —— How to understand the humanity and warmth in Wang Zengqi's short story Being ordained?

? "Everything here is different from the street, and the people here are different. Their lives, their customs, their standards of right and wrong, and their ethical concepts are completely different from those who wear long dresses and read Confucius in the street. " This passage is a passage from Wang Zengqi's Notes on Making a scene, which I think can be used to describe the overall style of Wang Zengqi's novels. The world written by Wang Lao always smells of getting rid of secular shackles and approaching Xanadu, which is intoxicating and makes people yearn for such a world. ;

0 1 ? The monks there are "six unclean"?

? In the eyes of ordinary people, monks have always been a serious image associated with the solemnity and sacredness of Buddhism, but in the process of being ordained, they are inextricably linked with the secular world, cutting off endless love and lingering traces. In that Jiangnan water town, monks are no different from ordinary people. His hometown is not called "becoming a monk", but "becoming a monk". This is actually not a conversion to Buddhism, but a business. We can't simply distinguish whether monks are good or bad by behavior, which is exactly what Wang Lao wants to convey to readers: they are all ordinary people. They are flesh and blood, can talk and laugh, and also have the desire of "six impurities". They eat meat and marry, which is no different from ordinary people.

Let's take a look at the five monks mentioned in the article: the old monk, Renshan, Renhai, Rendu, and the young monk whose protagonist is Minghai. The old monk looks stricter and more rigid, which is very suitable for his age setting in his 60 s, but he will also serve meat during the New Year. Among the next generation of three monks, "Ren Shan, the uncle of Akiko, is in charge." In fact, Minghai was named in the article because the land at home was only enough for the three brothers to farm, so Minghai followed his uncle to eat this bowl of rice. My uncle seems to be the "head", and all he does in the temple is financial work, as mentioned in the article:

It can be seen that secularized monks have actually become a livelihood profession in Jiangnan water towns. If there is not enough land at home, they will be pulled out to be monks. After all, it has been explained at the beginning of the text that "becoming a monk also requires relationships and help." Becoming a monk has also been listed as a job of three religions and nine streams.

In the article, Ren Hai was mentioned, and directly came the sentence "He has a wife". This sentence is faint, but it is shocking. How can a monk have a wife? There really is, and it is so natural and so natural. This simple sentence seems to tell readers that such things are not uncommon, but commonplace. What is even more ridiculous is that the young monk in Minghai also generously called Renhai's daughter-in-law "Shi Mu". If he doesn't completely regard becoming a monk as a job for a living, how can he naturally make these secular words so smooth?

Besides, Rendu is now a beautiful teenager, young, in his early twenties, with a group of female fans and most of them are younger. Rendu, the third master, not only always wins money at cards, but also "knows everything from ancient times to the present", which is equivalent to a monk with high professional quality and good professional skills. What's more strange is that he can sing, and he can sing if the lyrics are bold and open. When he put on the sacred flame, "Ren can sing all night and never come back again". He is good-looking, young and can sing. No wonder "he has more than one lover."

When you read this, don't panic. The author has no intention of conveying "crooked ways" and "six impurity" to readers. Sometimes, if you want to understand an article, you need to understand the background of the times and his own literary position. Wang Zengqi, who studied under Shen Congwen, took the road of "Beijing School". This school is different from the "Left League". Writers of Beijing School pay little attention to the "big background" and are unwilling to dig the depth of the theme of "troubled times". They have always been concerned about rural life, rural labor force and the daily life of ordinary people. As Shen Congwen said, he wants to "build a small Greek temple, which enshrines human nature". The writers of Beijing School and Shanghai School, represented by Zhang Ailing, and the writers of New Sensation School, represented by Liu Naou and Mu Shiying, are somewhat incompatible with the mainstream of the "Left League" and have a weak political consciousness. Therefore, in Wang Zengqi's article, we seldom see the great era, and even if we do, it is very obscure. Wang Lao writes more about people, more about the life picture of ordinary people, and is a genre painting of various styles in the market.

? So it is not difficult to understand why monks become a profession, which dispels their own sense of seriousness and belief. It is juxtaposed with pigs (that is, castrating the testicles or ovaries of pigs is castration surgery), weaving mats, hoops, playing cotton, and painters. In Wang Lao's works, there is no shackles of religion, and there is no poison to people's hearts from urban civilization and industrial civilization. Everyone there is an ordinary person, a living being walking in the world. Wang Lao's tolerance and laissez-faire attitude towards "dissidents" is different from the traditional concept. He won't "beat and kill" monks who eat meat and marry, nor will he sneer at the carnal masses. In his eyes, these are just real life, the truth of life, and the embodiment of human nature that he cares most about. Therefore, in Wang Zengqi's novels, he always feels the breath of humanity and humanitarianism.

02 ? Anzhaozhuang and Xanadu

The story happened in a place called "Zhao An Zhuang". There is a temple in this place called "Bodaiji", but it is called "One Water, One Water, One Water Temple". There is quite a feeling that there are mountains on the mountain and temples on the mountain. This paper explains the geographical location and surrounding environment of Lingjiao Temple.

And acknowledge the life of monks in buddhist nun:

After reading this, I can't help thinking that this is not a monk who practices penance. This is clearly the leisurely life of the world's immortals and talented people. How wonderful it is to have food and drink, a beautiful environment, less things and more money! Perhaps only in the author's pen will there be such a scene, which makes people shine. This is simply Liu Changqing's "temple, deep in the bamboo forest, the bell tolls at night". ? Pilgrims' hats, with the setting sun, are getting farther and farther under the green hills. "Through the text, it seems that I feel the sweet and cool air around the mountain temple and the sweet spring water, as if I heard the occasional crow, drifting over the treetops and scraping off a few leaves. In this way, even the temple will not feel too serious, but it looks like Penglai from the outside.

What is more worth mentioning is the description of Xiaoying's family in the article:

The descriptions of Xiaoying's parents, Uncle Zhao and Aunt Zhao, give people a healthy aesthetic feeling: both husband and wife are "amazing in energy" and strong in body, one is a "cash cow" who is willing to endure hardships, and the other is a "cornucopia" who diligently does housework.

Isn't this the life we want? Xanadu, self-sufficient, men plow and women weave, otherwise. There are not so many messy things, only clear rivers flowing day and night, sweet and cool air, and green vegetable buds ... In fact, these two environmental descriptions in this paper properly fit the beauty of human nature that the author wants to describe, and build a hotbed of warm human feelings with the great environment and simple folk customs of Xanadu.

03 ? The innocence of young monks and girls

This is the most important part of the text: the hero and heroine, the young monk Minghai and the young girl Eiko. They met when they were seven or eight years old. They are childhood friends, and they are innocent. They will "play the king" together, watch the waterwheel together and watch the night show together. "They sit side by side on a stone scorpion, listening to frogs playing drums and listening to cold snakes singing-",such a day is not found in modern cities, and it is the comfort and freedom that city people can perceive only by imagination and memory.

Minghai and Eiko will have hazy feelings for boys and girls when they grow up.

And Eiko "she always deliberately steps on Akiko's foot barefoot". This clean and pure feeling is the feeling of the seeds of love when I was a teenager, which reminds me that I didn't know how to like it when I was a teenager. I only know that people who have a good impression will try their best to create opportunities for getting close. Now that I think about it, the feelings of that era were really immature and pure.

So what kind of personality should the hero and heroine of this budding emotion be so as not to appear disobedient? Let's take a look at how Wang Lao deals with the images of Ruth and Minghai in his works.

First, Minghai will be appointed. Xiaoying sent Minghai to Yin Shan Temple by boat, and then visited the "largest temple in the county" by herself. When she left, "she went to the temple again and saw the monk eating porridge. What a big' canteen', it can seat 800 monks ... It's strange that so many monks don't make a sound when eating porridge! He saw Qiu Zi sitting in it, too, and it was difficult to say hello to him. After thinking about it, he shouted,' I'm leaving!' She saw Qiu Zi nodded slightly, regardless of many people looking at her, swaggering away. "

Here, we can see that Eiko's character has the "aggressive" and naive spirit of a female doll of the same age. At first, she hesitated whether to call Minghai in front of everyone, but later the girl's boldness made Eiko ignore "silence". Minghai at this time actually has more concerns than when he was a child. Note that Minghai's action is "nodding slightly", and Minghai, who is in the temple, still understands that "it is not allowed to cross the moment". This also shows that Yin Shan Temple, a symbol of secular etiquette and rules, is a place that binds human nature.

Let's look at a conversation between Eiko and Minghai after he was ordained.

Eiko is not shy here, but directly asks Minghai if she wants to marry her. The girl's ignorance makes her look reckless, but I have to say that recklessness is cute. If Eiko is too mature and not bold enough to say this, it does not show Eiko's innocent heart, but becomes an ambiguous and pretentious gesture. However, it is worth noting that Eiko also laid the groundwork first, and finally got up the courage to confess directly. She wisely said "you don't want to be an abbot" and "you don't want to be a monk" first, knowing that neither of them can get married openly.

At this time, Minghai completely lost his caution in the main hall of Yin Shan Temple, but an asshole shouted "Yes". Boys and girls' understanding of love, love, wife and marriage sometimes seems so naive, but in fact it is so simple and pure. This passage in the text takes place on an unmanned reed swing. Being far away from the so-called "earthly world" is equivalent to a short-lived paradise, where you can naturally liberate your nature, freely express your true feelings and feelings, and express your purest and most childish impulses. This arrangement can only be displayed without trace, at best.

In this article, Minghai and Ruth met each other since childhood, grew up together and fell in love gradually. This kind of innocent rural boys and girls is a common image in Wang Lao's works and even in Beijing writers' works. Their appearance undoubtedly represents the purity and beauty of human nature, and there is no need to hide it. It's probably something that is hard to find outside words but people have been longing for.