Biological problems

Antibody: B lymphocytes secrete only one specific antibody. The antibody isolated from serum has low yield, low purity and poor specificity.

(2) Preparation process of monoclonal antibody:

Inject specific antigen protein (to make mice produce effector B cells) into immunized mice; Extract b lymphocytes; At the same time, myeloma cells were cultured and extracted by animal cell culture. Promote their cell fusion [note: there are many unsatisfactory results of fusion; If there are two cells with B lymphocyte fusion, then screening is needed. The fused hybrid cells were screened on a specific selection medium [characterized by rapid proliferation and specific antibodies]; Then clone culture and antibody detection were carried out [screening hybrid cells that can secrete the required antibodies]; Finally, hybridoma cells were cultured in large scale in vitro or injected into mouse abdominal cavity for proliferation, and a large number of monoclonal antibodies could be obtained from cell culture solution or mouse ascites.

(3) The characteristics of hybridoma cells: they can not only multiply in large quantities, but also produce specific antibodies.

(4) Advantages of monoclonal antibodies: strong specificity, high sensitivity and mass preparation.

(5) The role of monoclonal antibody: As a diagnostic reagent, it can accurately identify the subtle differences of various antigen substances and specifically bind with some antigens, which has the advantages of accuracy, high efficiency, simplicity and rapidity. Used to treat diseases and carry drugs: mainly used to treat cancer, can be made into "biological missiles", and a small amount can be used to treat other diseases.