Chinese meaning of kabuki people in MIYAVI

Well ~ ~ ~ Although it started as a woman disguised as a man, now it has become a man disguised as a woman = =

Kabuki is a form of expressing Japanese culture and spirit in Japan.

Therefore, an elegant kabuki man should refer to a man who wears gorgeous clothes to show his great spirit and rock show.

The following is a little introduction of kabuki, which can be seen without patience.

Kabuki is a typical national performing art in Japan, which originated in the early Edo period in the17th century, and has been preserved for nearly 400 years together with energy and madness.

The ancestor of kabuki is Ako, a beautiful woman known to Japanese women and children. She is a witch of Izumo Society in Shimane Prefecture (that is, unmarried young women who specialize in playing music and praying in shrines). In order to repair the shrine, Chizi went out to raise money. She set up a theater shed in downtown Kyoto and performed "Buddhist Dance". This is a religious dance, but Grandpa changed the old routine and created Teahouse Owner. A Gong dressed as a woman, dressed in black, with a black turban and a red scarf around his waist, hung an ancient musical instrument, a bronze pheasant and a Japanese knife. Handsome and handsome, the boss fell in love at first sight. Grandpa also improvised humorous plots in real life during his performance, which caused a sensation. A Yuan's innovative "Dance of reciting Buddha" has been enriched and perfected, and gradually became a unique performing art from folk to court.

The word kabuki is borrowed from Chinese characters. Before the name was corrected, it originally meant "tilt" because there was a strange movement during the performance. Later, it was nicknamed "Kabuki": Song, representing music; Dancing is dancing; Words mean skill.

Actresses from all over Japan followed the example of Afghanistan and competed to perform kabuki. Some samurai fight for actresses and even kill each other. 1629, the Tokugawa shogunate banned kabuki performances on charges of corrupting customs. It was not until 1653 that men were allowed to perform "Wild Lang Kabuki", and the female role was played by men, which was called "female shape", that is, Dan Jiao. After 1670, this kind of performance increased, and with the appearance of the script, the content, plot and expression techniques became more mature. 1751-1801year is the heyday of kabuki. In the next 30 years, kabuki completed the typification, individualization and artistry of role performance, and the performance procedures were also fixed. Kabuki actors are hereditary. Actors and sons, generation after generation. At that time, kabuki became a popular performing art with Edo (now Tokyo), Osaka and Kyoto as the center. By the Meiji era in the19th century, this traditional Japanese art has increasingly become a classical drama.

There are roughly two kinds of kabuki themes: one is to describe the world of nobles and warriors, and the other is to express people's lives. There are four kinds of plays: "Dr. Yi" talks nonsense and performs funny story plays through dance; The madness of "Things of the Times" is a historical drama. "Things in the World" is crazy, describing the life and love stories of ordinary people; A dance drama called "What Do You Do" is a crazy drama, which involves the morality of loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness, and educates second-class citizens on the morality of diligence, doing good and punishing evil.

At present, kabuki is more popular than any classical drama in Japan, and many new plays and works have been produced in recent years. Kabuki and Chinese Peking Opera are known as "sisters of oriental art tradition". Huang Zunxian, a poet in the late Qing Dynasty, praised in "Japanese Miscellaneous Poems": "Dance begins, jade rustles, iron plates stop knocking, how many infatuated children cry, play together and watch chrysanthemums together." He regards kabuki as "meeting an old friend in a foreign land".

Speaking of kabuki, foreigners who don't understand Japanese culture always have two associations: first, ghosts! White-faced people who can't see the gender emerge in front of the dark background, dragging a voice longer than Beijing opera, as if leaves were still floating on the stage. The second is the ambiguity caused by the word "geisha" and the frequent appearance of geisha in Japanese movies. All these make it impossible for us to ignore the Jianghu status of kabuki industry. Even the "national quintessence" comes from the people and has its own bitter growth process.

Now in Japan, AV movies are definitely more famous than kabuki countless times; Moreover, kabukicho, located in Tokyo, is a world-famous red light district and a tourist attraction. So what is a real kabuki?

Kabuki was born in 1603 400 years ago. Kabuki at that time was not the art of singing, dancing and acting, nor was it a dance in which women disguised as men, but a simple story with religious overtones.

Kabuki was founded by Ako, a priestess of Izumo Society in Shimane Prefecture, Kansai, Japan. In order to raise funds for repairing the wooden temple, she came to Kyoto and reformed the "chanting Buddha" (action dance when chanting Buddhist scriptures), adding a simple story as a public performance of the performing arts, which aroused strong repercussions in Kyoto, Osaka and other places and was well received by the people. It is the prototype of kabuki today. Therefore, A Guo became the founder of Kabuki.

Kabuki has developed from a folk custom to the quintessence of Japanese culture, and experienced a tortuous growth process, from "a prostitute kabuki" to "a lot of kabuki", and finally developed into the embryonic form of kabuki "Nokuro kabuki", and gradually became a pure kabuki art performed by male actors.

After kabuki was established in Afghanistan, "tourist girls" in Kyoto and Osaka were influenced by it to organize many "tourist girl kabuki", who engaged in prostitution in addition to acting. At that time, the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan took measures to prohibit the promiscuity of "female kabuki" and issued a decree prohibiting female acting in 1629, ending the era of "female kabuki". Banning female performances did not interrupt the development of kabuki. The troupe changed its methods and used beautiful young men to play female roles, resulting in the "female image" in kabuki, that is, "Ruozhong Kabuki".

The young actor in Ruozhong Kabuki is deeply loved by female audiences because of his youth and beauty. Actors have a decadent lifestyle and often fall in love with the audience. Sometimes, double suicide, elopement and other events will cause social sensation. Although the shogunate took various measures to improve it, it was difficult to see the effect, so in 1652, the performance of "Ruozhong Kabuki" was banned.

However, kabuki became the main entertainment activity of Japanese people at that time, and the shogunate ban could not cut off people's preferences. The troupe came up with a way to deal with the ban, changing the kabuki performed by young men into adult male performances, and thus "Nokuro Kabuki" appeared, which is the embryonic form of Japanese kabuki. Kabuki has since changed the focus of confusing the audience with beauty, turned to acting, and gradually developed into a pure performing art performed by male actors.

On the other hand, the intellectuals and rulers returning from the west see that art is regarded as a symbol of national culture in western society. So kabuki is considered as the representative of Japanese culture. Kabuki has since been regarded as an art created by modern people.

In the kabuki dramas that have been performed before, the most vivid impression of the female image is the lightning god. The story of Lightning God is about a monk "Master Lightning God" who lives in a cave in Beishan. He was seduced by the beautiful lady in the clouds sent by heaven, degenerated and lost his virginity, lowered his posture and got drunk. The stunt in the cloud took the opportunity to cut off the rope of the lightning gods who closed the dragon gods and let the dew fall from the sky for everyone.

In the cloud, when she seduced Master Lightning by coquetry, she began to touch her body because of God's kindness. The scene in the cloud is full of sexy, enchanting and gorgeous "women", which is not found in real women. It's completely illusory female charm.

Finally, when she fled from the angry lightning master, she was still delicate. She ran away slowly, like a woman with little feet, with unsteady steps.

It is said that the female characters of kabuki have always attached importance to "beauty". For example, it is a proof that kabuki has an "extra service" business. The meaning of "vertical service" is equivalent to cross-dressing, which means that one professional actor plays the role of another profession. In particular, actresses generally do not play women with ulterior motives and heartless women, and this role is played by "Li Jun (equivalent to life)" actors. From this example, a female character must have both appearance and inner "beauty", and the "beauty" of a female character includes a delicate and lovely appearance that is more feminine than a real woman.

Japan encountered the Meiji era in modern times (called "modern times" in Japanese). Although kabuki tried to be as modern as a fashion show, it has always retained the female figure of "women disguised as men". Today, on the contrary, the contemporary audience feels fresh about the female images preserved by kabuki, as if the audience were intoxicated by the illusory charm of women. The female image of "women disguised as men" is retained, which contains illusory beauty. In line with the times, with the increase of actresses, she began to pursue the natural and healthy beauty of women.

Kabuki performances are divided into "famine" with samurai stories as the main content and "harmony" with folk love stories as the main content in history. Kabuki's stage scenery is very exquisite, which not only embodies Japanese floral art, but also has a rotating stage and a lifting stage, which is ever-changing, and with gorgeous dance performances, it can be described as luxurious and gorgeous. The "female shape" performed by the actors is illusory and enchanting, giving people a sense of beauty beyond reality.

Now it seems that Japanese kabuki actors wore a lot of makeup, but in the Edo period (1604- 1868), people were surprised that kabuki actors did not wear makeup. Because kabuki performed in the indoor theater is quite close to the audience, its appearance is very important. Moreover, the original Kabuki Okuni Kabuki (1early 7th century) betrayed itself after the performance, so the original Kabuki attached great importance to the appearance of the actors. However, since the center of song and dance moved to Edo, the audience's preference gradually shifted from beauty to acting.

/kloc-After the 9th century, the audience of kabuki expanded to ordinary people. In the past, kabuki stipulated that heroes must have aristocratic status, but with the change of audience, people with low status began to become the protagonists of kabuki. Because the protagonist is close to the people around him, the makeup of the actor is gradually fading.

After 400 years of historical evolution, classical kabuki has become the representative of traditional Japanese quintessence culture. Saemon, a Japanese writer who is famous for writing kabuki plays in history, is known as Shakespeare in Japan. His dozens of kabuki plays have become a valuable legacy in the history of Japanese literature. Some kabuki actors honed their acting skills and became famous families, which have a high status in Japanese society so far. At present, the famous Japanese song and dance families are Shirakawa, Koshiro Matsumoto, Sachiko Nakamura, Nakamura Utaemo, Noboru, Kamejir? Ichikawa, Shirakawa, Sakamoto Sanjin, Kataoka Lianmen, Shirakawa Zemura and so on. These kabuki performance families have played a great role in the development of kabuki.

Kabuki pays attention to the communication with the audience, and the "flower path" extending to the audience is the only way for actors to step onto the stage, which has produced the effect of integrating actors and audiences.

After the Meiji Restoration, a large number of western dramas were introduced, which made kabuki's performing arts begin to decline. After World War II, during MacArthur's occupation of Japan, kabuki was once banned because of the feudal loyalty such as suicide by caesarean section. Later, because Bavas, the adjutant of the occupation army, was a kabuki lover, he thought that art and realistic politics should be considered separately. After Bavas became a performance censor, the ban on kabuki performances was gradually lifted. Since then, kabuki families have publicized and popularized kabuki art through various channels, and TV stations have also conducted live broadcasts and held appreciation lectures. Some cultural figures often write articles to introduce kabuki and revive it. Western countries such as Europe and America also invite kabuki to perform.

But in today's Japanese society, kabuki, like China's Peking Opera, is also facing the problem of how to develop. * * * Children's topic is: There are fewer and fewer young audiences who know and watch kabuki. Therefore, the Japanese cultural and artistic circles have also raised the issue of kabuki reform. Kamejir? Ichikawa, a famous kabuki actor, formed the "2 1 Century Kabuki Troupe", which reformed the traditional performance mode and constantly changed under the cover of umbrellas, trees and other props, causing cheers from the audience. Perhaps this reform was inspired by the changing face of Sichuan Opera in China. There are also many new trends in the performance content, such as the introduction of the history of the Three Kingdoms, which is unimaginable in traditional kabuki.

Critics point out that the reform of kabuki, on the one hand, should retain the essence of classicism, otherwise it will not be called kabuki, but a new drama. In order to adapt to the development of the times and the requirements of the audience, the emergence of various new schools of kabuki will become inevitable.

The earliest Japanese drama Neng appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (1336~ 1392). As early as 10 century, Japan introduced "Sanle" from China, which promoted the development of Japanese acrobatics. At the end of 12, whenever the imperial court or major monasteries hold a ceremony, there is always an performing arts conference, and on this basis, a musical "Apes Enjoy Energy" with a certain plot is produced, hereinafter referred to as "Neng". In the folk, farmers also hold artistic performances at harvest time, which is called "natural happiness". /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/4th century, many troupes performed "Neng". There are "Yamato and Four Towers" in Kyoto, among which "Jieqi Tower" is the most powerful.

The maturity of "Neng" can not be separated from the achievements of Kanami and Simi, the outstanding "mustard battery" artists at that time. Their father and son were appreciated and protected by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, the supreme ruler of the shogunate at that time, and the play was perfected. Xie Mi is not only outstanding in acting, but also an able script (ballad) writer and drama theorist. His works handed down from generation to generation are collectively called "Sixteen Simi Sets" and are regarded as the most cherished Japanese aesthetic works.

"Neng" consists of three elements, namely script (including lyrics and chanting), genre (dance program) and musical instrument accompaniment. The lyrics in folk songs have absorbed many famous lines in chorus and China's poems. There are more than 700 kinds of existing ballads/kloc-0, and more than 240 kinds are still being staged. The authors of "Neng" are mostly artists who play "Neng". Kanami wrote such plays as The Natural Amateur and The Tail Road. Xie Mi wrote hundreds of plays, such as Gao Sha and Shi Sheng. Yuan Ya (the eldest son of Xie Mi), the eleventh lang of Guan's family, wrote Jiao Lany; Looking at the world, Hiroshin Jiro wrote "Parade Willow" and "Anzhai"; Jin Chun Zen Bamboo has written famous plays such as Little Governor and Bamboo Island. Japanese classical "artistic talents" practice the "patriarchal clan system" passed down from generation to generation, and they maintain the artistic styles of their respective schools. The genre of "neng" was formed after the 7th century/kloc-0. * * There are five schools: Guanshi Stream, Baosheng Stream, Jinchun Stream, Jingang Stream and Xiduo Stream.

The "wild talk" with "energy" at the same time gave birth to the people, which was originally an impromptu and short farce. By the middle of15th century, the repertoire of "KuangYan" had been finalized, and it was divided into three schools: Da Zang Liu, Lu Liu. Since the era of Xie Mi, in several plays that Neng performed every time, there was a performance of "Crazy Talk". /kloc-after the 0/7th century, Neng was designated as the repertoire of Tokugawa shogunate celebration, and Wild Talk accompanying Neng was protected. "Crazy Talk" is a short play that reflects reality, winning with humor and humor. There are about 300 existing plays, among which the most vivid one describes the contradiction between landlords and slaves. Most of these plays are about clever slaves playing tricks on their masters. Others, such as the contradiction between ghosts and gods and people, the contradiction between monks and donors, and the contradiction between husband and wife. They are also extremely ridiculous, ridiculous or ironic, reflecting the democratic spirit of the times. The representative dramas of Crazy Talk and Crazy Talk include Two Famous Arrests, Violent Evil, Master, Forgetting Love, Weeping Nun, Lei Gong, Son-in-law Fighting for Water, Sickle Belly Festival and so on.

Transparent glass in human form ("Lewen") is one of the four classical Japanese stage art forms (kabuki, energetic opera, wild performance and puppet show).

It is a professional puppet show in Japan, also called puppet net glass ("humanoid net glass"). "Humanoid" means puppet or puppet, and "glass" is a kind of drama rap played with three flavors. The word itself explains the origin and essence of puppet show.

"Pure Glass" was originally the name of a rap song. Its creator was Menukiya Changsaburo, a blind performer in Yunyou, and the puppet master introduced this field.

This word comes from an early popular song, which tells the love story between a samurai and Jing Liu Liji.

It's about Jing Liuliji, the daughter of a rich man in the countryside of Sanhe. She is proficient in ancient and modern poetry and music, and is good at playing the pipa. She is a beautiful and versatile girl. Young Xia Niu Ruo accidentally met Jingliu Liji when he was in the East, and fell in love. Later, if the cow was seriously ill by others, it was left on the beach. Jing Liu Liji heard the news and cried at the seaside at night, which touched the gods in the sky and made Niu Ruo cry.

"Things are hard to give up, and I am affectionate tonight.

Love to death is like frost on the road of uncertainty in the night, and the dream in the dream is dim as it approaches death step by step.

At dawn, the bell broke my heart. Six rings were counted, and there was one left. After listening to the sixth ring, we will be buried in this life.

Silence is interesting, and the bells are flying. "

-Shi Liuli "Zeng Genqi's Love is Dead"

Japanese kabuki has visited China for many times and also performed in Australia, Canada, the United States, Egypt and other countries. Although foreigners can't understand its highly stylized stage language, it emphasizes the posture, movements and eyes of the opera effect, as well as its posturing, stunts and exaggerated appearance, and changing clothes quickly and magically, which are the fun of appreciating kabuki performances.