Buddha's light temple hall, how to show the epitome of the beauty of traditional architecture?

Wooden building materials is a timeless building materials, both modern and ancient, in the architectural style of this feature, wooden structure building can be echoed with the characteristics of the city's features, more able to highlight the characteristics of the social humanities. Because it is a natural material, so the building is used to have a unique kind of affinity, eliminating the building itself due to the cold feeling produced by the outbuilding, and wood structure building it has a high degree of flexibility, can fully play to show its humane and personalized features.

And China as one of the first countries to start using wood structure, we start from the root, the practice of true knowledge using a combination of columns, beams of various types of wood frame. Yang wooden material by bending and pressure of the strengths, avoid wooden material by shear and tension of the shortcomings, and has a very good seismic function, in the very early Tang Dynasty, China's wooden building methods have become a very strict set of construction methods, and we want to explore today's Wutai Mountain Foguang Temple Hall is the largest surviving wooden structure of the Tang Dynasty in the history of China's wooden structure of the Tang Dynasty building, which takes us together to understand the cultural heritage of the Tang Dynasty, together to understand the Tang Dynasty's cultural heritage, together to understand the Tang Dynasty wooden structure building.

One, Foguang Temple Hall: renowned in the Sui and Tang dynasties of the famous temple

In the Wutai Mountain three thousand embracing, imposing mountain village side, stands a thousand years of history of the mystery of the building, it is not around the beams of the Brahma sound and curls of incense, and there is no gates to the city of the incense to pay homage to the temple, but to be able to millennium not fall down, it is a long time ageless legend of the ancient temple.

Wutai Mountain Foguang Temple is built in the Northern Wei Xiaowen Emperor period, as early as in the Sui and Tang dynasties, it has been Wutai Mountain famous ancient temple, this Foguang Temple's great name is often mentioned in the ministries of the historical information. And, he also experienced many times destroyed and repaired, in the late Tang Dynasty, our Buddha Temple East Hall was rebuilt again, the huge Buddha altar across the room, in the middle of the three main Buddha and coercive Bodhisattva, in the giant altar, there are scattered with the Bodhisattva, power god and so on more than 20, these are the Tang Dynasty period statues, the East Hall of wooden buildings, and the mural inside the hall is the symbol of the Tang Dynasty.

In the late Tang Dynasty, Buddha's Light Temple after some renovation, but also because the rulers did not allow the development of Buddhism, accompanied by the decline of Buddhism, Buddha's Light Temple has gradually sunk, in addition to the Song Dynasty period of Manjushri Hall some small construction, gradually forgotten by the outside world, the pearl and jade in the dust.

Until later, in our architect Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin persistent search, it only reappeared in the world, and overturned the Japanese that the ancient Chinese architecture? It was only later that our architects Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin searched for it, and then it came back to life and disproved the Japanese arrogance that ancient Chinese architecture?

In the south side of the East Hall, there is a brick tower identical to the one depicted in the Dunhuang murals, y proving the architectural history of the temple in the Tang Dynasty or the building of the temple in the earlier period of the conclusion, Liang Sicheng found it, praised it as the first national treasure of China? China's first national treasure? Buddha's Light Temple East Hall inside the construction design of the exclusive inscription of the Tang Dynasty, the exclusive mural of the Tang Dynasty history and culture, the sculpture of the characteristic style of the Tang Dynasty, the characteristic style of the Tang Dynasty architecture, these are known as the ? The four best? , with very high artistic and historical value.

Two, the architectural framework of the Buddha's Light Temple: it is a classic of the lifting beam wooden frame

The East Hall of the Buddha's Light Temple figuratively demonstrates a high degree of unity of art and structure, is as the highest level of technology in China's ancient architecture extant, the largest volume and scale of the Tang Dynasty, a model of wooden architecture, although it is a simple planar structure, but with a wealth of indoor space.

Various forms, the size of thousands of wooden structural components through our unique mortise and tenon structure closely together, components, although there are many, but there is no one useless or redundant, the appearance of the construction of modeling is also very beautiful, calm, robust, the main hall by the roof, beams and frames, the arch layer,? back? Zigzag column network plane to *** with the construction of the? Golden box bucket bottom groove? , with the typical architectural style of the Tang Dynasty period hall building.

In the ancient architecture of the Tang and Song dynasties, in this kind of raised-beam hall building using arch layers, the construction of gable columns and golden columns must be of equal height, also known as the internal and external columns of equal height, and the Great Hall of the Buddha's Light Temple is a typical raised-beam building of the Tang Dynasty, whose internal and external parts are combined through the beams and arches, and then raised its flat darkness, which ultimately holds up the whole big roof.

This type of construction was used in the Tang Dynasty, mainly in the highest-ranking buildings, such as imperial palaces and temples. Most of the other surviving halls and pavilions from the Tang dynasty onwards are of a simplified architectural style, characterized by the fact that the gable columns are one or two feet shorter than the golden columns, the supplementary work at the head of the golden columns has been simplified and made smaller, and the high-weight medical devices and high-weight devices have been eliminated in favour of high-weight medical devices, the high-weight medical devices at the lower floor serving as high-weight medical devices in the presence of a ceiling. In the case of the beam and arch construction of the East Hall of the Buddha's Light Temple, the beam below, which serves as the front support of the ang structure, and the beam above it, which holds down the end of the ang, together with the ang ang ang slanting in the middle, form a strong and stable lever structure above the hall.

Thirdly, the East Hall of Bogwangsa Temple also has a small square-shaped flat darkness, which is the same as the structure of the building that survived in Japan during the Tenpyo era, and this is a typical example of the Tang Dynasty's hall-style architecture.

(I)? The beams and frames?

The beam frame of the East Hall also adopts the bracket foot and fork hand, the bracket foot is the wooden piece placed diagonally between the purlin and the head of the next layer of beams, and its main function is to support the purlin, which is not found in the buildings of the Qing Dynasty; and the fork hand refers to the wooden piece placed diagonally between the purlin of the ridge and the head of the flat beams, and its main function is to support the diagonal support of the ridge purlin, which is also dismantled during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and used the spine gourd columns instead. East Hall of the top of the flat beam on the top end of the use of triangular herringbone skeleton, the use of this beam skeleton structure, it can be said that in the existing national scope of the wooden structure of ancient buildings ranked first.

The use of a large forked hand instead of a pygmy column on top of a flat beam, the intersection of the two forked hands at the apex and the interlocking arches, and the support of the wood and the ridge by the arches are all architectural features of the Tang Dynasty. These traditional roof beams frame the upper part of the construction method are extended from the Han Dynasty, in the Nanzen Temple Hall and Shandong boundary of the Han Dynasty Zhu Tuna ancestral stone carvings have also seen such a construction method, but this structure in the Five Dynasties after the extinction.

(ii)? Rise? The beauty of

The east hall of Buddha's Light Temple has a gentle roof slope, and the eaves and the ridge are elevated at an angle to build the rising curve, which is the most important feature of the Tang and Song Dynasty architecture. Rise? This construction method is more common, that is, from the center of the house, both sides of the gable columns will be slightly higher than the middle of the secondary construction method.

The rise of the eaves is: the height of the center column remains the same, the second, the tip of the room, the end of the room than the head of the center columns in turn raised two inches, so that the eaves of the house gradually formed a gentle but elevated curve.

And wing angle is the ancient Chinese building eaves corner place, because it upward, like a stretch wings ready to fly in the sky of the bird, and is called wing angle, from the Tang Dynasty on the emergence of the wing angle of the eaves, the corner of the place angle beam section height is roughly three times the rafter height, angle beam with the rafters of the lower end of the gable purlin are built on top of the way, through the laying of hope board to let the rafters on the roof of the house gradually form a gentle and elevated curve. To make the corner of the rafters of the skin gradually higher, the height reached with the corner of the skin, the hall in the design of the special each in the corner of the place on the side of the purlin pad on a small triangular strip of wood, this strip of wood in the Song Dynasty is called? Shengtou wood? And it is called in the Qing Dynasty? Pillow wood?

Such a pad to build the eaves to the corner of the place can appear to rise gently upward. Because? rising? The construction method, from the eaves to the corner of the place of some slight curvature and turn naturally, from the point of view of the temple aesthetics analysis, the Tang Dynasty period of the turn of the excessive and natural, the Ming and Qing Dynasty excessive appears slightly hard and abrupt. And the east hall of the eaves of the hall out of a full three point nine six meters, which is not in the wooden structure building from the Song Dynasty.

(3)? The beauty of the arch

(C) The beauty of

Fo Guang Temple East Hall arch fat, by actual measurement, its arch section size 210 * 300 cm, this architectural style has the late Qing Dynasty arch section of ten times the size of the famous architect Liang Sicheng has also commented on the East Hall: the temple eaves out of the exploration of the far-reaching, the arch of the majestic and wide, is a typical of the Tang Dynasty ancient architecture.

And the East Hall of the internal and external columns on the total **** used seven kinds of arch components: the outer eaves of the arch of the column head pavement, the outer eaves of the complementary arch of the arch of the arch of the pavement, corner of the arch of the arch of the arch of the pavement, the inner groove of the arch of the column head of the column of the groove of the mountain face of the arch of the arch of the arch of the arch of the arch of the pavement of the inner groove of the arch of the arch of the complementary arch of the arch of the arch of the arch of the pavement of the inner groove of the arch of the arch of the arch of the pavement of the corner of the pavement.

The arch of its flexible and ingenious production, the head of the store and fill in the store have a double copy of the double under the Ang, the corner of the inner groove into a steal the heart of the creation does not set up a separate arch, that is, in the groove of the inside of the columns to insert the arch as a seven store to steal the heart of the creation, this is also because of the actual use of the temple of the Buddha, Buddha statue of the round light cover is more occupied place there is no way to lay down the cross arch of the reason for slightly adjusted to change all the use of the steal the heart of the creation of the technique. Seven store for the arch of the vertical and horizontal dominance, shocked the four directions, in ancient Chinese architecture, it is an arch of the existing pick out the level of the most prominent example.