What are the good pear varieties cultivated in China or pear breeding parents?

1. Bartlett pear (Bartlett 2n=34)

Also known as banana pear, British varieties, the Department of natural live. It is the world's most widely cultivated Western pear varieties. In our country brigade, yantai, qingdao, zhengzhou and the yellow river road and other places cultivated more, kunming and guiyang also have a small amount of cultivation.

The fruit is big, most of the fruit is thick neck gourd shape, the average single fruit weight 217g. The fruit skin is greenish yellow or yellow, between or sunny side has light reddish halo, the fruit surface is a little uneven, but has the luster, the fruit point is small and more, not obvious. The pedicel is medium-thick, the pedicel pits shallow and narrow, fluted, striated with rust, often raised on one side. Sepals moderately large, sepals persistent or vestigial; calyx pits shallow and narrow, rugose. Fruiting center small, 5-celled. Fruit flesh creamy white, fine texture, few stone cells, after 7-10 days of post ripening, become soft and soluble, juice is special, taste sour and sweet, have strong fragrance; contain soluble solids 12.6%-15.2%, soluble sugar 7.91%, titratable acid 0.25%; the quality is very superior. The fruit is not resistant to storage, under refrigeration conditions can be stored for more than 120 days.

The young tree grows vigorously, erect, with strong sprouting force and medium weak branching force. Generally, it starts to bear fruit in 4-5 years, mainly with short fruiting branches and fruiting branch groups on 3-5 years old branches, with good productivity and stability. It is easy to be senescent after the fruiting period.

Strong adaptability, like fertile sandy loam soil. Cold resistance is weak, in -25 ℃ under the situation of freezing seriously; disease resistance is also weak, especially susceptible to rot disease. The reason for the short life is mainly due to excessive results, weak tree growth potential and death by disease. Wind resistance, resistance to black star disease and rust ability is strong.

Gansu province, Wuwei area agricultural research institute from the pear natural live seedlings selected and bred WuBaPi, Chinese academy of agricultural sciences fruit tree research institute with the pear as the mother bred JinXiang pear. The United States used the pear as a parent to breed the eggplant pear.

2. Chetou pear (2n=34)

Also known as the Korean pear, introduced by North Korea, like the Western pear and sand pear hybrid, most of the provinces and districts in our country are introduced to test planting.

Fruit medium large, suborbicular, average single fruit weight 170g or so, the largest 400-500g. Fruit skin green-yellow, sunny face striped red halo, fruit surface smooth and glossy, fruit point is small, in the more, there is a white halo around the fruit point. Fruiting pedicels are long; peduncle pits are shallow and broad, with grooves. Sepals persistent or deciduous; calyx pits shallow and extensive, rugose. Fruit center equal in size, 5 ventricles. Flesh white, fine and brittle texture; softened after 5-7 days of ripening, juicy, sweet and sour flavor; contains 10%-14.8% soluble solids, 6.01%-7.02% soluble sugar, 0.21%-0.25% titratable acid; medium to high quality. Fruit is not resistant to storage. The fruit is not resistant to storage. In addition to fresh food, can be processed to make sugar water canning.

The plant has strong growth potential and open branches. Strong sprouting force, branching force medium. About 4-5 years to start results, to short branch results, more productive and stable yield. If the management is not good, there is the phenomenon of alternate year results between single plants. From the orchard as a whole group to see more stable yield.

Chetou pear adaptability, drought resistance, barrenness, cold resistance, can withstand -27 - 30 ℃ low temperature, salinity, resistance to pests and diseases is also strong.

This variety as the parent of the new varieties bred dwarf incense.

3. Apple pear (2n=34)

Originally produced in jilin province yanbian korea autonomous region. Now Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and other places mainly cultivated varieties, Xinjiang, Tibet has a small amount of cultivation.

The fruit is large, and the fruit is irregularly oblate, like an apple; the average single fruit weight is 211-250g. The pericarp is greenish-yellow, with a reddish halo on the sunny side, and the fruiting point is small. Fruiting pedicel longer, peduncle depression deep and narrow, with grooves, with stripe rust. Sepals persistent, large and erect; calyx pits wide, medium-deep, wrinkled and elevated. Fruiting center extra small. Fruit flesh is white, fine and crispy, with few stone cells; juicy, sweet and sour taste; containing 12%-13.8% soluble solids, 8.99% soluble sugar, 0.31% titratable acid; acidity is reduced after storage, and the quality is superior. The fruit is very resistant to storage, generally can be stored until May of the following year.

The tree is robust, with medium growth potential, strong sprouting power and medium branching power. Generally 4-5 years to start fruit. Adult tree fruiting part mainly in 3-5 years old branches on the short fruit branches, more productive.

Strong adaptability, more resistant to cold, can withstand -30 ℃ low temperature. Drought and waterlogging resistance, resistance to black heart disease is strong. However, wind and drug resistance is poor, but also susceptible to rot disease. Cultivated in the beach land, the pulp is prone to brown small pieces of corky tissue, affecting fruit quality.

This variety for the parentage of pear breeding new varieties of applesauce pear, pear, pear, early crisp, Jinfeng and so on.

4. duck pear

China's ancient varieties, native to Hebei province. North China, Liaoning, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Xinjiang are cultivated.

The fruit is medium large, the fruit nearly short scoop shape, fruit stalk side often have like duck's beak protuberance, and with rust block; Single fruit weight 160-190g. Fruit skin green-yellow, after storage becomes yellow, fruit surface is smooth, waxy, fruit point is small. Fruiting pedicels long, fleshy at base; nearly sessile pits. Sepals deciduous, calyx pits deep. Fruit center small. Flesh white, fine and brittle; very juicy, mildly sweet flavor, slightly fragrant; soluble solids content of 12.2%-13.8%, soluble sugar 8.54%, titratable acid 0.20%; top quality. The fruit is more resistant to storage, generally can be stored until February-March of the following year.

The tree posture is scattered round, the sprouting force is medium, the branching force is weak. Early fruiting age, generally four years old to start fruiting, adult trees to 3-5 years old fruiting mother branch on the short fruiting branch fruiting, part of the axillary flower buds fruit. The tree is very productive, but when it is not well managed, it is easy to form the phenomenon of alternate year results.

The new varieties bred with duck pear as the parent are five nine fragrant, jin crispy pear and so on.

5. Chip Pear (2n=34)

Also known as Ci Pear, Laiyang Ci Pear. Native to shandong chipping, muping and laiyang area, is one of the ancient good varieties. Cultivated more in shandong, north China, jiangsu, liao xi, shaanxi, xinjiang also have cultivation.

The fruit is large, the fruit is immoderate fusiform, the shoulder often protrudes side by side; the average single fruit weight is 204-250 g. The pericarp is yellowish green, turns greenish yellow after storage, the fruit point is large and prominent, the fruit surface is rough, the fruit pedicel is very long, the sepals are off or residual, the calyx pits are shallow, and the center of the fruit is equal to the size. Fruit flesh is light greenish yellow-white, fine and crispy, juicy, strong sweet flavor, slightly fragrant; soluble solids is 13%-15.3%, soluble sugar 10.54%, titratable acid 0.18%, top quality. The fruit is more resistant to storage, generally can be stored until February-March of the following year.

The tree is strong, the young tree is erect, the budding force is medium, the fruiting age is late, 5-6 years to start fruiting.

Suitable for sandy loam soil cultivation, resistant to drought but not waterlogging, weak cold resistance, weak resistance to black heart disease, heart-eating insects, medicine and wind damage.

Jinfeng Pear is a new variety of Chip Pear as the parent, Chip Pear as the mother of the new varieties of Qinfeng Pear.

6. Dangshan Crispy Pear (2n=34)

Also known as Crispy Pear, Dangshan Pear. Originally from Anhui Dangshan. Now shandong, shanxi, liaoning, shaanxi, gansu, jiangsu, xinjiang, yunnan have a lot of cultivation.

The fruit is large, nearly cylindrical, slightly wide at the top of the truncation; single fruit weight 239-370 g. Green-yellow pericarp, light yellow after storage, small and dense fruit points, fruiting pedicel is longer, peduncle pits are shallow and narrow, in the wide, with strip rust or slice rust. Fruiting pedicel is long, peduncle is shallow and narrow, medium wide, with strip rust or sheet rust. Fruit center small. Flesh white, medium thick, crunchy, juicy, sweet, slightly fragrant; soluble solids 11%-14%, soluble sugar 9.09%, titratable acid 0.14%, top quality. Fruit storage resistance, generally can be stored until April-May of the following year.

The tree is strong, with strong sprouting power and medium branching power. 4-5 years of fruiting and high yield.

Strong adaptability, cold resistance, medium resistance to diseases and insects, weak resistance to black star disease, but stronger than duck pear.

The new varieties of Dangshan Crisp Pear as the parent of breeding are Jin honey pear, Qin Crisp Pear.

7. South fruit pear (2n=34)

Originally from Liaoning Anshan, natural live offspring. Liaoning cultivation more, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, some provinces and regions in the northwest have a small amount of cultivation.

The fruit is small, round or oblate; the average weight of a single fruit is 58 g. The pericarp is greenish-yellow, with a bright red halo on the sunny side; the surface of the fruit is smooth and glossy; the fruiting point is small, with a light-colored halo. Fruiting pedicel shorter, peduncle pits small, often with grooves around. Sepals deciduous or persistent. Fruit center large, flat round. Fruit flesh is yellow-white, with few stone cells and fine texture, and can be eaten when harvested. Soluble solids 15.5%, titratable acid 0.56%; top quality. Resistant to transportation, but extremely intolerant of storage, generally can be stored for about 25 days.

The tree has moderate strength, strong budding power, weak branching power, and bears fruit around 5 years old.

Strong adaptability, resistance to black star disease, cold resistance, high-growth trees at -37 ℃ without frost damage.

Breeding Jinxiang pear with the south fruit pear as the parent.

8. Beijing white pear

Also known as Beijing white pear. Native to the suburbs of Beijing, is one of the better varieties. Now north China, northeast, northwest provinces and regions are cultivated.

Fruit medium large, flat round, neat; average single fruit weight 111 g. Fruit skin yellow-green, yellow-white after storage, fruit surface smooth wax luster, fruit point small, not obvious. Fruiting pedicel is longer, more curved to one side, pedicel pit nearly absent, often with grooves. Sepals persistent; calyx pits shallow and wrinkled. Fruit flesh yellow-white, medium-coarse and brittle, with few stone cells. Soluble solids 13.0%-17.0%, titratable acid 0.82%; quality superior. Not resistant to storage.

The tree has moderate strength, strong budding power, weak branching power; generally fruiting around 7 years old. The yield of young fruiting trees is low, but after the fruiting period, it can produce abundantly every year.

Strong adaptability, like cool, fertile sandy soil, strong cold resistance, strong wind resistance; black star disease and pear orchard mesothelioma damage is heavy.

The new variety of lemon yellow was bred with Beijing white pear as the parent.

9. Nagashiro (2n=34)

Native to Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, is a live variety. It is now cultivated in Hunan, Guizhou, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and other provinces.

The fruit is medium to large, round or oblate; the average single fruit weight is 189g, the maximum is 320g. The pericarp is greenish-brown or earthy yellowish-brown, the fruiting point is large and dense, the fruit surface is coarse. Fruiting pedicel long, peduncle pits shallow and narrow, base fleshy; sepals more persistent, a few deciduous, calyx pits shallow and wide. Fruit center is large, flesh creamy white, few stone cells, juicy and sweet; soluble solids 10.2%-13.8%, titratable acid 0.14%; quality is middle to upper. Slightly resistant to storage.

The tree is strong, semi-open, with strong sprouting power and weak branching power, starting to bear fruit in 4-6 years; productive, but prone to large and small years.

Resistant to black star disease and rust, few insect pests, more resistant to cold; weak wind and drought resistance. Cuifu is a new variety bred with Nagashiro as the parent.

10. Ninomiya white

Produced in Japan, the Department of duck pear and true lose hybridization. In our country jiangxi, fujian, hunan, zhejiang province has a small amount of distribution.

Fruit medium and large, ovoid; Average single fruit weight 160g. Fruit skin yellowish green, fruit surface smooth, fruit point small and sparse, beautiful appearance. Fruiting pedicel is longer, peduncle depression shallow and narrow. The sepals are deciduous and the calyx pits are shallow and wide. Fruit center is large, the flesh is white, fine, tender and brittle, very few stone cells, juicy; soluble solids content of 10%-13.1%, sweet and sour taste, quality. Storage resistance is poor.

Strong tree, open crown, strong branching force, early fruit; generally three years of fruit, mainly short fruiting branch fruit; high fruiting rate, high yield.

Wide adaptability, strong resistance to drought, wind, black spot disease, susceptible to black star disease, poor flood tolerance.

Early Cui is a new variety bred with Ergong Bai as the parent.