Pig breeding technology

Practice protective feeding. In the summer and autumn seasons outside the pig house planting gourd, melon, melon, sunflower and other plants can be shade and cooling, winter promotion of plastic greenhouse rearing technology, and regular deworming and immunization

2 implementation of high-density pig breeding. Winter 0.8 square meters of pig house to raise a fattening pig, summer 1 square meters of pig house to raise a fattening pig. High-density pig raising, not only build fewer circles, low cost, and fattening pigs compete for food. There is no activity site to eat and sleep, love long meat, fast weight gain, reduce feeding costs

3 fattening pigs more than 90 kilograms, the daily rate of weight gain slows down significantly, and fat deposition is the main thing, so the more you feed the more uneconomical, and the fat increase, not good for sale; less than 90 kilograms of slaughter, although the feed utilization rate is high, but due to the weight of the small and the meat rate is low, economically uneconomical, general fattening pigs 90 to 120 kilograms of slaughter is the most appropriate

3 fattening pigs are not only less than 90 kilograms of slaughter, the most suitable, but the most suitable. kg slaughter is the most suitable

4 varieties should be excellent. First of all, according to market demand to choose varieties. Currently, to promote multiple crossbreeding, at least three, preferably five, such as the British PIC pig, five matching, fast growth, 158 days up to 110 kilograms, lean internal rate of 66%, the meat ratio of 2.8:1.

5 barn to be simple. Do not build too luxurious pig house, to achieve the cold, warm and ventilated on the line

6 feed to cheap. Feed accounts for 70-75% of the cost of raising pigs. Feed formula to change with the market price, seasonal changes, do not stay the same. Such as the summer heat pigs eat less, the feed should be equipped with better nutrition. Feed nutrition should be balanced to meet the growth needs of appropriate

7 epidemic prevention should be strict. Emphasis on disinfection, both to prevent foreign epidemics, but also to prevent the contamination of feces, the spread of disease, but also according to the immunization program vaccination.

8 The pen should be timely. If the resting weight of the binary pig reaches 70 kilograms, 80-85 kilograms of the inner ternary, 95 kilograms of the outer ternary, 105 kilograms of the British PIC pig, for the timely weight of the pen. In addition, when the market price of hogs is high, the weight is relatively heavier and better; when the price is low, lighter weight is better to reduce feed consumption and reduce costs.

9 "inverted feeding method" of pig rearing, that is, for the above shortcomings and combined with the pig's fertility rules and characteristics of the new pig rearing method, the approach in the piglet to the middle pig stage. That is, before 50-60 kilograms, high energy and high protein concentrates are mainly used, with necessary feed additives and a small amount of green and green fodder. From the middle pig to the penning period, appropriately reduce the amount of concentrate input, increase the green and rough fodder, the proportion of which is: 60% concentrate, 25% green fodder, 15% rough fodder. This way not only shortens the feeding cycle of pigs, but also makes full use of a large number of green and rough fodder resources, thus saving the amount of concentrate feed, the economic benefits greatly improved.

10 Feeding management

1. Lactating piglets

①Insulation and anti-pressure. Lactating piglets appropriate temperature: l-7 days old for 32 ℃ -28 ℃, 8-35 days old for 28 ℃ -24 ℃, the house temperature control at 18 ℃ -22 ℃, relative humidity 50% -70%, keep the air fresh. The temperature of the house is controlled at 18℃-22℃, the relative humidity is 50%-70%, and the air is kept fresh. Piglets should be equipped with a thermal box or greenhouse, and in the bottom of the thermal box or from the bottom of the greenhouse 30-40 centimeters hanging a 250-watt infrared light bulb. At the same time, do a good job of piglet care, and in the delivery pen to install baby guards.

②Eat enough colostrum and fix the teats. The piglets should be manually assisted to eat enough colostrum within 1 hour after birth. 2-3 days old after birth to fix the nipple. Fixed nipple to self-selection, individual adjustment is supplemented, the birth weight of small piglets fixed in the front row of nipples, the birth weight of large piglets fixed in the back row of nipples.

3) Iron supplementation and over piglets and litter. Within 2-3 days of age after birth, piglets are injected intramuscularly with iron preparations at a dose of 100-150 mg of iron per head. Lactating sows feed 10-12 piglets per head, more than 12 or less than 7 piglets in the litter according to the principle of the first piglets to the sows after the sows over the principle of the over-feeding piglets over to the maternity period is not more than a difference of 3 days, fewer sows sows to feed. The piglets must eat enough colostrum before feeding. For sows with too few piglets, according to the principle of overfeeding, two litters of piglets can be combined into one litter, and one sow with good body condition can be used to feed the piglets. Sow with enough milk to feed. The piglets must eat enough colostrum before merging.

④Feeding and replenishment. The piglets are trained to drink water at the age of 5 days after birth, and they are trained to open food at the age of 7 days, and they should all open food at the age of 2O days. After a piglet starts to eat, replenish the full-price feed, using raw and wet feed type (material and water ratio of 1:0.5), feeding 5-6 times a day.

⑤De-vexing and weaning. The piglets are weaned at 25 days of age and 35 days of age after birth.

6 Sanitation and disinfection. Clean the enclosure and get rid of feces twice a day, and disinfect the passages in the enclosure once a week with 2% caustic soda solution or other disinfectants.

7 Epidemic control. The piglets were vaccinated against swine fever at 20 days of age after birth. Usually often observe the pigs feeding, defecation and mental state, found that the epidemic timely isolation and treatment.

2. Weaned piglets

①Preparation before entering the pig. The piglet cultivation house should be checked and maintained 1 week before transferring the piglets into the piglets, and the house should be cleaned, and then disinfected with 2% caustic soda solution or other disinfectants.

②Feeding. After the piglets into the house, 2 weeks are still fed to the original piglet material, l week to control feeding, 5-6 times a day warm, free water. 2 weeks after the gradual transition to the fat there are pre-materials, the use of raw and wet material type (material to water ratio of 1:0.5), 4-5 times a day feeding, free water.

③Management. Piglets weaned from the original nest transferred to the piglet training house, should be timely conditioning, and gradually develop the habit of defecating, sleeping, eating and drinking in a fixed position. The temperature inside the house is controlled at 25℃-20℃, relative humidity 50%-70%, and keep the air fresh. Clean the hut 2 times a day, and disinfect the passages with 2% caustic soda solution or other disinfectants 1 time a week. Piglets are vaccinated against swine fever, swine dengue, swine lung disease and piglet paratyphoid at the age of 55-60 days after birth. Before transferring, piglets should be dewormed with deworming drugs such as deworming essence and four-micron spit to get rid of internal parasites, or dewormed with insecticide to get rid of internal and external parasites. Observe the feeding, defecation and mental state of the pigs frequently, and isolate and treat the disease in time. When the piglets in the piglet training house to raise 5 weeks when transferred to the growth of fat pig breeding house.

3. Growing and fattening pigs

①Preparation before entering pigs. Growing pig fertile house in the transfer of weaned piglets before 1 week, to check and repair the enclosure equipment, and clean the enclosure, and then disinfected with 2% caustic soda solution or other disinfectants.

②Feeding. Weaned young pigs into the house, the use of raw dry meal or raw wet feed type (material water ratio of 1:0.5). Fattening has a pre, feed 3-4 times a day, unlimited feeding, free water. Fattening late, feeding 2-3 times a day, unlimited feeding, free drinking water.

③Management. Weaned piglets transferred to the growing pig fattening house, according to the principle of similarity of pig breeds, weight, physical strength and weakness of the group, each group of 10-20 heads. Weaned piglets transferred to the growth of pig fattening house, should be timely conditioning, and gradually develop the habit of defecating, sleeping, eating and drinking in a fixed position. The temperature inside the house is controlled at 21℃-16℃, relative humidity 50%-70%, keep the air fresh. Clean the enclosure and get rid of feces 2 times a day, and disinfect the passages in the house with 2% caustic soda solution or other disinfectants 1 time a week. Observe the pigs' feeding regularly. Drainage of feces and mental state, found that the epidemic timely isolation and treatment. When the weight of the fat pig reaches 90-100 kilograms when the pen.

Lazy man pig method

Lazy man pig method is the agricultural experts in Shandong Province for many years to summarize the domestic and foreign rural pig technology, improve the creation of less investment, quick results, low cost of the new greenhouse pig method. Now its main features and methods are introduced as follows:

1, less investment, low cost, building construction is simple and easy.

Build a pig scale of 100 fattening pigs pig shed, only need to invest about 2000 yuan, the cost of about 20 yuan per square meter.

Pig shed span is generally 4 to 5 meters, length of 20 to 25 meters, surrounded by a fence height of 1.0 to 1.2 meters, supporting the shed can be used to hollow brick and other materials, shed height is generally 2.7 to 3.0 meters, the material can be selected from the steel, cement and other materials, the top of the top covered with plastic film, woven fabric, grass curtains and so on. No fence around the shed, summer is a pergola, winter put down the plastic film becomes a warm circle, warm in winter and cool in summer, providing a good environment for pigs to grow.

2, labor-saving, high efficiency.

Automatic feeding trough and automatic water dispenser are installed in the circle. Automatic troughs should be installed at both ends of the shed, trough width 0.2 meters, depth 0.8 meters. The bottom every 0.2 meters to set up an outlet, and according to the 0.2-meter interval plus a steel bar, so as not to pigs into the trough. Inside the trough, there is an insert plate to adjust the amount of feed. Every 25 pigs have an automatic waterer. The automatic waterer should be connected to the drinking trough, and the water will be led out of the shed.

Feed should be fed different full-price feeds according to the different age of fattening pigs, so that pigs can grow and develop normally. Fill up the feed and water at one time, which can be used for 3 to 5 days of pig's diet. This method can raise 1000 fattening pigs per person compared to the traditional feeding method, and the benefit is more than 10 times higher.

3, feeding simple and easy.

Before the pigs enter the circle, first spread some pig manure of healthy pigs in the circle, and then spread 0.35-0.48 meters of sawdust, wheat straw and other bedding, laying the foundation for cultivating piglets not to defecate in a fixed place.

Lazy pig rearing method is a form of rural factory pig rearing, advocating the use of all-in-all-out rearing method. Entry piglets are selected for their age of 50 to 60 days, weight of 25 to 30 kilograms, good quality, healthy and disease-free piglets. Before entering the pen, it is necessary to carry out epidemic prevention and deworming. In order to prevent the group of pigs fighting, you can take the piglets sprayed with Lysol water and other stimulating odor disinfectant, or use the night into the pen and other measures, can receive good results.

4, the whole fattening period does not need to remove feces. It can be taken to remove the feces at once after the pigs are out of the pen, which will not affect the development of the pigs. Because in the pig's feed added some biological additives, this is conducive to the decomposition and transformation of protein in the feed, reduce the odor of feces. In order to make the summer without flies and flies, no odor, the manure fermentation can be used in high efficiency oxygen-consuming fermentation, or deep-bed anaerobic, pig manure fermentation temperature up to 60 ~ 70 degrees, can kill bacteria and pests in manure, clean and sanitary.

Winter due to the pigs warm each other, the shed temperature is high, should pay attention to ventilation to ensure the growth and development of fattening pigs.

5, short feeding cycle, fattening fast.

Lazy pig method due to the reasonable shape of the shed, good insulation in winter, cool ventilation in summer, suitable for pig growth and fattening conditions and large-scale breeding, feeding cycle of 3 months, 80 ~ 90 days of fattening, the daily weight gain of 0.7 ~ 0.8 kg, 90 ~ 110 kg of each pig to the pen. A shed a year to raise 3 recommendations for pigs, 20 days interval, the minimum profit of about 5,000 yuan, the annual income of 15,000 to 20,000 yuan.

6, a shed multi-purpose, easy to change production.

The pig shed can be used for many purposes, not only for raising pigs, but also for raising cattle, sheep, rabbits, chickens, etc., and can be transferred at any time, planting greenhouse vegetables, cultivating mushrooms, etc., increasing the ability to resist risks.

Farmer pigs should pay attention to

1. Raw and cooked feed In the countryside, many pig farmers have the habit of feeding cooked food, that cooked feed can reduce the size of the feed, soften the crude fiber, the pig can eat more, but also can improve digestibility. According to the test, the type of feed is different, raw and cooked to feed the difference, green, roughage type of diet cooked feeding than raw feeding, dry matter and carbohydrate digestibility is also cooked group high, protein and crude fiber digestibility of the two are not significantly different. Concentrate type diets, legume seeds are better cooked than raw. But most of the concentrate type diets, raw feeding than cooked, generally cooked concentrate to lose 5% to 10% of the nutrients, raw feeding meat pigs, the average daily weight gain of 10% higher than cooked, every kilogram of gross weight can be increased to save concentrate 0.2 to 0.3 kilograms, dry matter digestibility of the two are no difference, protein digestibility of raw feeding is higher than cooked feeding. In addition, raw feeding pigs can save a lot of labor and fuel. However, some toxic or easily contaminated feeds, such as rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake, slop, etc. can be detoxified or disinfected after steaming.

2. Thick feeding and thin feeding Thin feeding because of the water content, thin soup irrigation belly, resulting in reduced secretion of digestive juices, accelerated gastric emptying, so that the feed in the stomach to shorten the stay time, is bound to reduce the digestibility of feed nutrients. Thick feeding, especially raw dry feeding and raw wet feeding, can strengthen the pig's chewing function, promote the secretion of digestive juices, prolong the feed in the stomach to stay longer and improve the digestibility of nutrients, therefore, advocate thick feeding, dry feed mixed with water or dry feed mixed with green feed slurry water dry and wet degree of pinch together, spread open as appropriate.

3. Less and more meals must be based on the type of pig, age, season and nature of the feed to determine the number of meals, can not be generalized. Lactating piglets gastric volume is small, weak digestion, from 7 days of age is mainly food, can not be limited to the number of meals; 20 days of age to weaning, you can feed more than 6 meals per day; just weaned piglets on the digestive function of the feed is in the stage of increasing, you can feed 4 to 5 meals per day; with the piglets sows and sows late in gestation, the need for nutrients, you can feed 4 meals per day; frame pigs, large meat pigs, empty sows, boars, feed 3 meals per day. It can be fed 3 times a day. In summer, the weather is hot, the day and night are short, and the activity time of the pig is long, so you can feed 1 to 2 diluted food as appropriate to prevent starvation and replenish water. Winter cold, short days and long nights, the first meal in the morning to be fed early, the evening meal to be fed late, in order to properly open the interval between meals. And the evening meal should be fed thick, in order to prevent hunger and cold.

4. Timing. Feeding pigs can never be fed late today and early tomorrow, every day should be fixed time to feed the pigs. This will make the pig get into the habit of wanting to go to the time to eat, and regular secretion of digestive juices, eating especially fragrant, but also easy to digest, not easy to make gastrointestinal disease, if the feeding time is not fixed, disrupting the pig's life pattern, it is easy to cause digestive disorders, every meal up to eat, indigestion, leading to gastrointestinal disease in pigs, a long time, the pig will lose weight, growth and development retardation.

5. Rationing. Feeding pigs hungry, full, the same will make the pig indigestion, slow weight gain, so, when the pig's approximate amount of food, should determine a general feeding amount. But the same group or even the same pig's food size, often due to climatic conditions, feed palatability, feeding technology and other differences. Feeders grasp the amount of food, but also according to the nutritional status of the pig body, feed and appetite, flexible grasp of the amount of feed fed. Generally to feed the trough is not leftover food, pigs do not lick the trough as appropriate. If there is leftover food in the trough, you can reduce the next time; if not enough to eat, you can feed more next time. The pig's appetite law is generally the most prosperous in the evening, the second in the morning, the worst in the afternoon, the day's feeding should be roughly according to this law to allocate, so that the pig always maintains a strong appetite.

The best feed for qualitative pigs is to feed the regular feed mill, according to the different types of different stages of growth and development of the pig feeding standards formulated with feed. If the farmer's own, should also be based on feeding standards to determine the digestive energy level and protein level of the mix, each time the variety of ingredients and ratios should not change too much.

The fixed temperature of the food temperature also has a greater relationship with the health of the pig and weight gain. Spring, summer and fall are generally fed at room temperature, and in winter the feed should be prepared with hot water and fed warm water as appropriate. If the food temperature is too low pigs eat, to consume a lot of body heat, in order to raise the feed to the same level as the body temperature, and body heat must be oxidized by the nutrients in the feed to produce heat to replenish, invariably to waste a lot of feed, gestation sows may also cause abortion and gastroenteritis. Healthy pigs have the habit of grabbing food when eating, so when feeding pigs, you can't feed hot food, otherwise it is easy to scald the pig's oral mucosa and even esophagus. Long-term feeding of scalding food, but also cause hair loss, so that the development of the pig is hindered

Plastic greenhouse method

Plastic greenhouse method of pig rearing is in the original pig house on both sides of the insertion of bamboo poles, and bamboo poles bent into an arc, and then the bamboo poles lengthwise and crosswise into a cross shape and tie, and then plastic film buckle on it, surrounded by mud sealed, at the same time, to be