What are the key factors that make China's manufacturing industry developed but not powerful?

The reasons are: under the new economic normal, the old power represented by traditional industries is weakening, and the new power represented by strategic emerging industries and high-tech industries is lacking, which has become the main challenge facing China's manufacturing industry. In recent years, the media have released statements about why China's manufacturing industry is "big but not strong", which also indicates that if you want to improve the "Made in China" business card, you should first solve the "big but not strong" dilemma.

1. There are several reasons why our manufacturing industry is large but not strong: first, our ability to innovate on our own is not strong, and our foundation is weak. 85% of our satellites have been localized, but 15% of the unlocalized components require 80% of the cost. Second, we are at the low end of the value chain. Zhengzhou Foxconn has 300,000 people and produces 150 million cell phones a year, but the profit only accounts for more than 5% of the overall profit value, which is very low. Third, the efficiency of production and operation is not high. In 2011, the value added of China's manufacturing industry was only 21.5%, while the value added of the world's developed countries is often more than 35%, which shows that there is a huge gap.

2. The industrial structure is unreasonable. We are basically resource-intensive and labor-intensive enterprises, while technology-intensive and service-intensive enterprises are too few. Fifth, the problem of product quality is prominent. Made-in-China quality may be equated with low quality. In today's world, the rapid development of intelligent technology, extensive penetration, leading and promoting the group in information, biology, manufacturing, new materials, new energy and other technological breakthroughs.

1. Tsinghua University, Peking University and other domestic universities have also realized the importance of artificial intelligence, and established MsrA, MEMS and other professional research institutions. However, the university has no specific direction for the next step of AI development. Your university believes that in order to promote the development of AI in universities, we should combine basic research with applied research: "Basic research is mainly the research on the basic theories and methods of AI, which is the key to compare our AI research with that of top international universities." There are two main perspectives of basic research:The first perspective is centered on brain science, focusing on brain science research and prospective exploration of brain-inspired AI models.

2. The layout in this area does not focus on the mainstream applications of real AI, but on the active layout of future applications. This kind of research has a strong cross-scientific nature. The second perspective is from the computational point of view, focusing on the current difficulties faced by the basic theoretical framework of artificial intelligence. The ultimate competitiveness of AI depends on the innovation capability of the aforementioned basic research. Applied basic research focuses on the main needs of the country, especially military needs, and the development of key core technologies.