Quality control in the construction stage?

The mechanical equipment used in the construction project should be determined according to the engineering characteristics and quantities, and its use form should be determined according to the principles of necessity, possibility and economy. The use forms of mechanical equipment include self-purchase, lease, contracting and deployment.

Mechanical equipment control

1. Decision on the use form of mechanical equipment

The mechanical equipment used in the construction project should be determined according to the engineering characteristics and quantities, and its use form should be determined according to the principles of necessity, possibility and economy. The use forms of mechanical equipment are: self-purchase, lease, contract and deployment.

(1) Buy it yourself. According to the characteristics of the project and the development trend of construction technology and technology, it is really necessary to purchase machinery and equipment by itself. The purchased mechanical equipment should achieve high mechanical utilization rate and economic effect in engineering, otherwise other forms of use should be adopted.

(2) lease. Some large-scale special machinery and equipment with special purposes can be rented from machinery and equipment supply stations (rental stations) if the self-purchased items are economically unreasonable.

(3) Mechanical construction contract. Some machines with complex operation, large engineering quantity or close cooperation between human and machinery, such as large-scale grid installation and high-rise steel structure hoisting, can be contracted by professional mechanized construction companies.

(4) deployment. Some commonly used machinery can be deployed and used by the enterprise where the project is located.

The technical and economic analysis should be used to determine the form of use.

2. Pay attention to mechanical matching

Mechanical matching has two meanings: one is the matching of all processes and links of a job, such as concrete engineering. Feeding, weighing, mixing and discharging processes should be coordinated with stirring, and horizontal transportation, vertical transportation, cloth distribution, sprinkling and vibrating processes should be mechanized with transportation; Secondly, the main engine and auxiliary engine are matched in specification, quantity and production capacity. For example, the bucket capacity of the excavator should match the load and quantity of the earth-moving vehicle.

The above examples show that if the site construction machinery can be correctly equipped and used, it can give full play to the efficiency of the machinery and obtain better economic benefits.

3. Rational use of mechanical equipment

The rational use and correct operation of mechanical equipment is an important link to ensure the quality of engineering construction. It is necessary to implement the principle of man-machine assignment, and implement the "three-determination" system of assigning machine, person and post responsibility. It is necessary to reasonably divide the construction sections and organize the flow construction of machinery and equipment. When a project has multiple unit projects, machinery should flow between unit projects to reduce access time and loading and unloading costs. Do a good job in the comprehensive utilization of mechanical equipment, try to make one machine multi-purpose and give full play to its efficiency. Make the site environment and construction layout adapt to the requirements of mechanical operation, and create favorable conditions for the construction of mechanical equipment.

4. Maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment

In order to keep mechanical equipment in good technical condition, improve the reliability and safety of equipment operation, reduce the wear and tear of parts, prolong the service life, reduce consumption and improve the economic benefit of mechanical construction, mechanical equipment should be well maintained. Maintenance is divided into routine maintenance and mandatory maintenance. The main contents of daily maintenance include: keeping the machinery clean, checking the operation, preventing mechanical corrosion and lubricating according to technical requirements. Mandatory maintenance is carried out according to a certain period and content classification.

The maintenance of machinery and equipment can ensure the efficiency of the machine and prolong its service life. Mechanical equipment repair is to repair the natural wear and tear of mechanical equipment. Troubleshooting of mechanical operation, replacement and repair of damaged parts.

environmental control

1. Establish an environmental management system and implement environmental monitoring.

With the rapid economic growth, environmental problems are imminent before us, which seriously threaten the healthy survival and sustainable development of human society and attract more and more attention from the whole society. In the process of project construction, project organizations should also pay attention to their own environmental performance and image, and standardize their environmental management activities in a systematic way to meet legal requirements and their own environmental policies, so as to survive and develop.

The environmental management system is an integral part of the whole management system, including the organizational structure, planned activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources required for formulating, implementing, realizing, reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy.

The environmental management system is a system, which needs constant monitoring and regular review to adapt to the changing internal and external factors and effectively guide the environmental activities of the project organization. Every member of the project organization should take responsibility for improving the environment.

When implementing environmental monitoring, environmental factors should be determined and the environment should be evaluated:

(1) What environmental factors are included in the activities, products and services of the project?

(2) Project activities: Do the products and services have significant harmful environmental impacts?

(3) Does the project organization have procedures for evaluating the environmental impact of new projects?

(4) Are there any special environmental requirements at the project site?

(5) How will any change or supplement of project activities, products and services affect environmental factors and related environmental impacts?

(6) If a process fails, how much environmental impact will it have?

(7) What is the frequency of events that may cause environmental impact?

(8) What are the important environmental factors in terms of impact, possibility, severity and frequency?

(9) Are these major environmental impacts local, regional or global?

In the operation of the environmental management system, a system for measuring and monitoring the actual environmental performance should be established according to the environmental objectives and indicators of the project, including evaluating the compliance with environmental laws and regulations. The results of weight measurement should also be analyzed to determine which parts are successful and which parts are activities that need corrective measures and improvement. Managers should ensure the implementation of these corrective and preventive measures and take systematic follow-up measures to ensure their effectiveness.

2. Control the environmental factors that affect the project quality.

(1) Engineering technical environment: The engineering technical environment includes engineering geology, hydrogeology, meteorology, etc. It is necessary to investigate and study the engineering technology environment. In engineering geology, it is necessary to find out the borehole layout, engineering geological profile and geotechnical test report of the construction area; In hydrogeology, it is necessary to find out the change and flow direction of groundwater level in different seasons throughout the year, the chemical composition of water, nearby rivers and floods; Meteorologists should know the temperature, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall and winter rainy months in the construction area.

(2) Project management environment: The project management environment includes quality management system, environmental management system, safety management system and financial management system. The establishment and normal operation of the above management system can ensure the normal and orderly progress of project activities and is also a necessary condition for improving project quality.

(3) Working environment: The working environment includes labor organization, labor tools, labor protection and safe construction. The basis of labor organization is division of labor and cooperation. Proper division of labor is not only conducive to improving the proficiency of workers, but also convenient for the organization and application of labor. The most basic problem of cooperation is matching, that is, matching between workers of different types and grades, in order to avoid work stoppage and obtain the highest labor productivity. The quantity, quality and variety of labor tools should be easy to operate and use, which is conducive to improving labor productivity. Labor protection and safe construction refers to some management activities taken to improve working conditions, ensure employees' production safety and protect workers' health during construction. This activity is conducive to giving full play to the enthusiasm of employees and improving labor productivity.

Metrological control

Measurement in construction, including feeding measurement in construction and production process, monitoring measurement in construction and production process, test, inspection, analysis and measurement of projects, products or processes, etc.

The main task of measurement work is to unify the system of measurement units, organize the transmission of values and ensure the unity of values. These works are conducive to controlling the construction production process, promoting the development of construction production technology and improving the quality of engineering projects. Therefore, measurement is an important means and method to ensure the quality of engineering projects, and it is also an important basic work of quality management of construction projects.

In order to do a good job in measurement control, we should pay special attention to the following tasks:

(1) Establish a measurement management department with measurement personnel;

(2) Establish and improve the rules and regulations of measurement management;

(3) Actively carry out measurement awareness education.

process control

The process is also called "operation". Working procedure is the basic link of product manufacturing process and the basic unit of organizing production process. Process refers to the sum of all continuous activities completed by a worker (or a group of workers) on a work object (project, product, component) in the workplace.

Process quality refers to the quality of the process. For field workers, the quality of work is usually expressed as the quality of working procedures. Generally speaking, process quality refers to the process in which the process results meet the requirements of design and technology (technical standards). Five factors, such as human, machine, raw materials, methods and environment, have different degrees of direct influence on the project quality.

In the process of construction, the measured process characteristic data fluctuates, and there are two reasons for the fluctuation, so the fluctuation is also divided into two categories. One is that operators do it according to process standards under the same technical conditions, but different products fluctuate. This kind of fluctuation is uncontrollable under the current technical conditions, and it is caused by countless similar reasons in science, so it is called accidental factors, such as dimensional error within the allowable range of parts, seasonal climate change, normal wear and tear of machine tools, etc. On the other hand, abnormal phenomena occurred in the construction process, such as non-compliance with process standards, violation of operating procedures, mechanical equipment failure, instrument failure, etc. These factors are called abnormal factors. With the joint efforts of relevant personnel, this factor can be avoided technically. Process management is to analyze and discover the abnormal factors that affect the quality of each process in construction, and take corresponding technical and management measures to control these factors within the allowable range, thus ensuring the quality of each process. The essence of process management is process quality control, even if the process is in a stable controlled state.

Process quality control is a quality control activity to limit the fluctuation of process quality within the required limits. The ultimate goal of process quality control is to ensure the stable production of qualified products. Specifically, process quality control is to make the fluctuation of process quality within the allowable range. Once it exceeds the allowable range, immediately analyze the factors that affect the fluctuation of process quality, and take necessary organizational and technical measures to effectively control the process to ensure that it is within the allowable range. The essence of process quality control is to control process factors, especially the leading factors. Therefore, the core of process quality control is management factors, not management results.

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