Tracing back to the history of Hebei drum music

The initial stage of drum is not later than the early Han Dynasty. When the Ban family dominated the northwest, Ban Yi had already used drum music (Liu's Ding), and its source was the joy of the northwest people on horseback. When he arrived at Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he encouraged cross-blowing in music and drew creative materials from the western music Mahadule. During the Six Dynasties, it was also related to Northern Emperor Music and Northern Drum.

As a mature music in the Central Plains, the relationship between drum music and pre-Qin Kaile (a kind of military music) has not been verified. Since the Han Dynasty, the tradition of using Han folk music by the court and the army is closely related to the music of Song Xianghe and Shangqing. The Preface to Yuefu Poems advocates the lyrics: flute and piccolo, "Lu Ji" peers: the cooperation between Sun (silk) and bamboo, the song of festivals; Preface of music songs in Qing dynasty: according to the title of the song. Drum music is closely related to Han folk songs. Even in the military music of the Han Dynasty, there are inevitably folk songs with love and anti-war themes, such as the song "Regret for the Past" with eternal love, and "Zi Sui Ma" with fifteen years of military service and eighty years of returning home. Only from the form and content of the existing advocacy songs in Yuefu poetry anthology, we can see the close relationship between drums and Han folk music since the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties. Drum music during the Han and Wei Dynasties was distinguished according to its use, and generally there are the following categories.

(1), yellow door advocate

Mastered by the emperor's attendants, it is mainly listed in the palace, and it is called food-raising music (used for banquets and meals), also known as flute. Huangmen's advocacy is also a special halogen book (etiquette) for the emperor. "Miscellanies of Xijing" contains: Ganquan, Fenyin and Qianqi in the Han Dynasty, and advocates around the Yellow Gate. The list of halls and courtyards is quite the same as that of later drum music, both sitting and playing.

② Riding and blowing

Used for halogen books, accompanying emperors and nobles to wait for the bus to drive, named after playing on horses with flute, drum, drum and other musical instruments.

(3) piccolo and cymbals

Refers to military music, mainly used in clubs, temples, open-air music, no meeting, school hunting in the suburbs and other grand activities.

(4) Side blowing

Playing with the army, the court often gave it to the border generals. Yuefu Poems Volume 2 1 explains the difference between advocating and horizontal blowing: horizontal blowing was also called advocating at first. Those who have flutes and flutes advocate ...; Those with drums and trumpets fight sideways, and those used in the army fight immediately. "Le Jin Zhi" also said: Hu Jiao originally responded to the voice of Hu Jia, and gradually used horizontal blowing, double angles, that is, leaves. It can be seen that Hengchui is a rising star, and his masterpiece is the famous "Twenty-eight Explanations of New Sounds" ("Book of Jin, Lezhi"). Drum music in Sui and Tang Dynasties is still controlled by the imperial servants and the Taichang Propaganda Department. It is slightly the same as the previous generation, but the division and name are different, and its etiquette use is still a continuation of the worship of the Han Dynasty.

(1), the former generation of Huangmen advocated banquets and books for the emperor, which was equivalent to the drum department of the Sui Dynasty or the propaganda department of the Tang Dynasty. Drum, golden pheasant, big drum, small drum, long horn, two horns, big horn. Don't use loudspeakers in the propaganda department.

② The piccolo cymbals of the previous generation were used in suburbs, temples and Le Kai. It is equivalent to the drum department of Sui Dynasty, which uses songs, drums, flutes and flutes. In the Tang Dynasty, it was divided into two parts: the feathering part and the cymbal blowing part. Old Tang book? Musical Notes: When cymbals are used in Kaiyue, cymbals, cymbals and other musical instruments are not added, and the cymbals are played by riding. Advocate cheng to lead the way in front, and go to catch the horses separately. Will enter the capital, advocate cheer up, and play four songs such as "Broken Array Music".

(3), the previous generation of riding and blowing, horizontal blowing is also used for halogen books and marching. It can be roughly equivalent to the big cross-blowing department (horn, drum, flute, flute, drum and peach skin) and the small cross-blowing department (big cross-blowing and drum reduction) in Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the early days, drum music was collected from the Han people and provided to the government. Later, in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, as shown by the portrait bricks in Dengxian County, it flowed into the Han nationality and was used by the rich. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the drum music used by the court and the government became the aftermath of this kind of music in ancient history. On the contrary, the propagandists and their skills flowing into the people have made new progress under the influence of the commercial economy. Modern Han nationality instrumental ensemble with different styles in different regions has gradually entered a new stage of formation or development.