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Social malpractice of tourism and its governance

As an economic industry, tourism economy is an important part of the national economy. If we want to find new consumption points, we should consider the driving industries with obvious benefits and become the source of economic growth in the new stage. Tourism has played a role in this regard. Tourism is a comprehensive service industry that mainly provides services. By providing people with services such as food, shelter, transportation, travel, shopping and entertainment, it not only provides ways and means for simple reproduction and expanded reproduction of material production departments, but also meets people's needs for basic life and spiritual life; Moreover, it is an important link to realize the supply of total social products, which promotes the rational distribution of social products among all social workers and constantly creates new demands. However, when we see the positive role of tourism in development, the social disadvantages it brings are also obvious. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the governance of the disadvantages of tourism society.

Keywords: tourism; Economic benefits; price competition

foreword

Tourism is an industry developed with the improvement of people's living standards and the relative abundance of materials. In recent years, opening to the outside world and rapid economic development have created favorable conditions for the development of tourism in China. China's tourism industry has developed rapidly. It has produced considerable economic benefits. 1994, China's tourism revenue160 billion yuan, ranking among the top ten tourist destinations in the world. Although the prospect is attractive, there are serious problems in China's tourism industry, which have both advantages and disadvantages. For example, there are more than 6,000 travel agencies in China, but the enterprises are small in scale, decentralized in management, inflexible in system, backward in marketing means, low in technical support and networking, and the market is not standardized. Most travel agencies operate in a "small workshop" mode, with few employees, low service quality and insufficient product innovation. Small travel agencies are unable to develop new products, and big travel agencies have no incentive to innovate. Finally, the current competition in the tourism market is a single price competition and a low-level vicious and disorderly competition. Vicious price competition eventually leads to the damage of industry interests and the decline of service quality that consumers should enjoy.

Chapter I Social disadvantages and hidden dangers of tourism

1. 1 causes the price to rise and harms the interests of residents.

In general, the income level and consumption power of foreign tourists are higher than those of local residents, so they can pay high prices for intangible service products such as tourism, housing, catering, entertainment and tangible goods represented by tourist souvenirs. With the frequent influx of a large number of tourists, it is bound to cause the price of tourist reception areas to rise, thus damaging the interests of local residents. With the development of tourism, it is necessary to build or expand tourist facilities such as hotels, which leads to the contradiction that land is in short supply. Therefore, it is inevitable that the land price in tourist reception areas will rise. According to relevant data, when building hotels in newly established tourism areas, land investment only accounts for1%of the total investment; When the tourism industry developed, the land investment in building hotels rose rapidly to 20% of the total investment. The rise of land price will inevitably bring disadvantages to the housing construction of local residents, thus reducing the quality of life of local residents.

1.2 Destroy industrial structure and endanger economic development.

In countries or regions where the industrial structure is dominated by agriculture, because the income of individuals from tourism is much higher than that from agriculture, a large number of agricultural laborers give up farmland to engage in tourism services. In this way, the result of tourism development has destroyed the original industrial structure and formed a vicious interaction: on the one hand, tourism needs a large number of agricultural and sideline products, on the other hand, it is tourism that makes the fields barren and reduces the output capacity of agricultural and sideline products, and the price increase of agricultural and sideline products caused by tourism is bound to endanger economic development and social order. If this vicious interaction problem occurs in developing countries with underdeveloped economy and late start of tourism, the harm will be even greater. Generally speaking, the industrial structure of a country or region should be diversified and should not rely too much on tourism to develop its own economy. This is especially true for a big country like China. The reason is:

1.2. 1, the largest leisure tourist in the tourist group, has a strong seasonality.

If a country or region relies too much on tourism to develop its economy, there will be insufficient tourist facilities and service personnel in peak season, too many service personnel in off-season and idle tourist facilities, which will lead to economic losses and social problems.

1.2.2 The formation of tourists mainly depends on the leisure time, disposable economic income, subjective motivation and other factors of residents in tourist source areas.

These factors are beyond the control of tourist destinations. In the event of adverse changes, the tourism destination economy that relies too much on tourism to develop its own economy will inevitably be hit hard.

1.2.3 The development of tourism is influenced or even controlled by the economic, social, political and environmental factors in tourist reception areas.

However, it is difficult for tourism to control these factors. Because of this, tourism is an extremely fragile and unstable industry. Once the factors that may control tourism but are difficult to control appear adverse changes, countries or regions that rely too much on tourism to develop their own economies will suffer huge losses.

1.3 interferes with residents' life and induces the contradiction between subject and object.

The expansion of tourist communities and the rise of tourist facilities have reduced the original production and living places in tourist reception areas. For example, farmers and herdsmen are worried about encroaching on their farmland and pasture; Fishermen are afraid of polluting their fishing grounds and rivers; Residents in some parts of North America complain that tourists killed their deer and took their fish. Some farmers in Japan also have conflicts and disputes with developers because the construction of airports has destroyed their homes. Especially in the tourist season, tourist reception places are overcrowded, which increases the burden of infrastructure, and the supply of water, electricity, energy and transportation is seriously insufficient due to the surge in demand; Local residents feel that their living space is relatively narrow, traffic jams, crowded population, power cuts and water cuts ... all these make them feel that the beneficiaries of tourism are only a few people who operate tourism, and most residents have not really benefited from the development of tourism; My lovely home is gradually evolving into a place where foreign tourists can enjoy themselves in time. Once tourists leave, they will be left with a destroyed environment and dirty garbage, which will lead to hostility towards foreign tourists.

1.4 Change the social structure and create social problems.

With the development of tourism, tour operators in some countries or regions have gained a lot of benefits through tourism reception, forming an enviable social group headed by tour operators. Whether you can engage in the tourism industry has become one of the criteria to distinguish between high and low status. However, compared with tourists' money, the dignity, prestige and status of some social groups or individuals that should be respected have dropped to the point of insignificance and disdain. Among family members, parents' hard-earned salary for one month is not enough for their children to tip for three days. The image of parents as the backbone of the family collapsed. Their stale preaching to children is not only feeble, but also the direct cause of deepening the generation gap and intensifying family conflicts.

Although women's travel reception away from home can change women's economic status and social status, under the temptation of money, some women have become money-making machines to attract tourists, and their social status is lower than in the past. And those women who really improve their economic and social status through tourism reception may have a change in their marital status. Many tourist destinations in the world have experienced the problem of family disintegration because of this, especially Hawaii. Judging from the overall social structure of tourist reception areas, the development of tourism and the influx of tourists have changed people's social status and traditional interpersonal relationships. Some of these changes are neither acceptable nor acceptable to local residents. For example, the relationship between foreign tourists and local residents was originally an equal relationship between subject and object, but now it seems to be a high-low relationship between subject and servant driven by money. This phenomenon is unbearable for local residents. It is true that "the guest is always right" is beyond reproach as a principle for the tourism service industry to deal with the interpersonal relationship between host and guest. However, if it is extended to tourist communities to mediate the relationship between foreign tourists and local residents, it will be analyzed in detail. Otherwise, it will not only make local residents feel inferior, but also arouse local residents' xenophobia, and even produce unexpected social contradictions, conflicts and problems.

1.5 distorts national culture and corrodes social consciousness.

The development of tourism can not only protect and develop national culture, but also distort and impact national culture. Especially under the impact of foreign heterogeneous cultures, the national cultures of some countries or regions have changed their taste and even gradually disappeared. For example, the time, place, content, rhythm and order of traditional festivals and local religious ceremonies are all established. However, in order to attract foreign tourists, it will be put on the "stage" anytime and anywhere, and its content is often compressed or even deleted, which obviously speeds up the pace of activities and reverses the order of activities. Over time, they have become pure commercial entertainment, losing their cultural significance and due value. As for the national handicrafts made to cater to the interests of tourists, some have lost their national style and appear neither fish nor fowl; In order to highlight the charm of scenic spots, some over-whitewash cultural relics and historic sites, greatly losing their authenticity; Some people make inappropriate modifications to national dances and folk songs in order to "connect" with foreign heterogeneous cultures, thus losing their national charm. In particular, those tourist souvenirs that are shoddy and can no longer reflect the national style and production skills and take the form of national handicrafts flood the market, which may not be a big problem for shoppers who just want to be cheap and ignore the real goods. However, if tourists mistakenly think that local handicrafts are like this, if tourists take them back to relatives, friends or colleagues, it will seriously damage and belittle the image, reputation and value of local handicrafts.