How to raise red carp in paddy fields?

One, the parent carp selection and feeding

1 selection criteria: good size, strong activity without injury, the ratio of body length to body height is 3:1, with typical varietal characteristics. Females at least 2 winter age, weight 1.5kg, males 2 winter age 1kg or more is good, the first sexual maturity and aging period of the carp, the amount of eggs and the quality of the eggs are poor, so it is not suitable for parental fish.

2. Sex identification

Non-reproductive season: female fish has a wide body, high back, small head, large and soft abdomen, small and wide pectoral and abdominal fins, flat or slightly protruding cloaca, and radial folds; male fish has a long and narrow body, a large head, a small and hard abdomen, large and long pectoral and abdominal fins, and a slightly concave anus with no parallel folds.

Reproductive season: the female has a soft abdomen in the shape of a garden sac, with a large, slightly reddish and prominent anus and genital pore; the male has a smaller abdomen, with gill covers, pectoral and abdominal fins with obvious parasympathetic signs "chasing the star", and the anus and genital pore are concave, not reddish and swollen, and there is a milky-white semen outflow from the gently pressed abdomen.

3, feeding management

(1) feeding: parental fish cultivation pond 1-2 acres, water depth of about 1.2 meters, sheltered from the wind to the sun, injection and drainage is convenient, per mu put 150-200kg. artificial reproduction, in order to prevent their own mating and spawning should be separated from male and female. Before putting with raw lime or bleach for sterilization.

(2) management: strengthen the parental cultivation, can be fed soybean cake, silkworm pupae, fish meal and other high-protein feed. In recent years, some manufacturers have developed pro-fish feed, the material is rich in ve and other vitamins, can promote the development and improve the ability to resist stress, the effect is good. At the same time, in the feeding process should pay attention to the regulation of water quality, often add fresh water, keep micro-flow water to stimulate gonadal development.

Two, catalyzing and hatching

1, catalytic timing: when the water temperature rises and stabilizes above 16 ℃ can catalyze. Usually during the period from Qingming to Guyu, after the cold wave, when the temperature rises and stabilizes, it can catalyze the birth.

2, spawning

(1) natural spawning type is a very common way because of its small investment and scale.

a spawning pool: area of 0.5-1 acres, water depth of 1.2 meters, injection and drainage can be convenient pond. Sterilize with quicklime for a week before releasing the fish.

b Artificial fish nest: used to adhere to the eggs. Choose a soft texture, good toughness, non-toxic, non-perishable material production, such as pine branches, palm flakes, polyethylene sheets (woven bags), poplar roots, etc., before use, cleaning, tie the handle, disinfection (0.3 ‰ formaldehyde or malachite green). Straw is not suitable for fish nests because it is perishable.

c Hatchery pond: can also be used as a fish fry cultivation pond, the area should be small (1-2 acres), less silt, water depth of 1 m by disinfection of the pond. Inlet and outlet are required to encrypt the eye mesh filtration, to prevent impurities into the pond and fry escape.

d and pond spawning: according to the ratio of male and female for 1:1-1.5 35-30 groups of good maturity of the pro-carp and pond, slowly adding new water. At the same time on the surface of the water to pull a fine wire 1-8, wire hanging artificial fish nest (or with a bamboo broken into two will be sandwiched in the middle of the water). Usually each group of parent fish should be equipped with 4-6 fish nests.

e Management: generally in 22:00-9:00 spawning, the continuation of 2-3 days, so should be every afternoon to check and clean the nests, will be stuck with the eggs of the nests into the hatchery, while replenishing the new nests. If the spawning is not good after the pool is merged, the water level can be lowered to let the sun shine, and more ve can be added to the feed or stimulated by micro-flow water. In order to ensure the neatness of the fry, the eggs of the same day should be hatched together, which can also prevent the number of blind eggs from increasing due to the bonding of eggs into blocks.

(2) artificial catalyzing: mostly seen in fish breeding farm

a catalytic agent injection: artificial chorionic villus to promote gonadotropin (hcg) 600-1000iu per kg of female fish or promote the yolk-releasing hormone analogues (lrh-a) 30-50 micrograms, or will be mixed with a reduction in the amount of their use, the dose of males reduced by half. Generally at 6 pm on sunny days according to the predetermined dose at the base of the pectoral fins once injected into the pectoral cavity, then moved to the spawning pool, and filling fresh water for half an hour, the water temperature of 18 ℃ 6-15 hours after the estrus spawning (the higher the temperature of the water, the shorter the effect of time, and vice versa).

bSpawning and fertilization: after spawning, the parent fish can spawn on their own in the pool, the same way (1). If the line of artificial egg collection, you can fish before the climax of the fish estrus, wipe off the fish with a towel, squeeze the eggs into a dry porcelain basin, and quickly squeeze into the semen, stirring with a feather, so that it is fully fertilized, and then the fertilized eggs evenly coated in the nest, put into the hatchery to incubate. Or use talcum powder solution to de-stick and then line running water for hatching. Water temperature 16-22 ℃ when 3-5 days can be out of seedlings.

3 Management:

(1) Natural hatching: 30-50 million fertilized eggs per acre of pond, should be put into the same day of the eggs together to ensure that the specification of the fry neat. Special attention should be paid to the prevention of water mold disease, available 0.3 ‰ formaldehyde or malachite green prior to soaking the nests of the sticky eggs. (2) Sticky hatching: the key is to adjust the water flow rate, to the extent that the eggs do not sink and suspended in the water. At the same time to prevent sand window blockage. Slightly reduce the flow rate when there are fry hatching, to prevent the physical exertion of the rapid water flow on the fry.

Improving the hatching rate is the key to artificial reproduction, the main reasons affecting the hatching rate of spawning period of sudden changes in the weather, water quality is bad, dissolved oxygen is low, the eggs are parasitized by molds, etc., and should try to prevent its harm.

III Fry Cultivation

The cultivation of summer flower and specimen fish species is divided into two parts.

I, summer flower cultivation

1 pond preparation: choose 1-2 acres, water depth 0.8-1.2 meters, less silt, east-west fish pond, according to the conventional method of cleaning, disinfection.

2 fertilization (also known as fertilization of the pond): fish fry in the pond 7-10 days before the fermented manure can be applied, such as pig and cow dung 150-300kg / mu (5 pick or so), but also can be applied to the 5-10kg / mu of inorganic fertilizers (fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers, etc.), and at the same time lime disinfection (dosage of 150kg / mu), a week after the fish fry in the pond is just the peak of the rotifers, the fish fry palatable! The bait is sufficient and the growth is robust.

3 fry: put the fish fry before using a dense mesh net to pull empty net in addition to the wildlife, but also put cheap chub fry 50-80 tails to test the water, proving that everything is safe can be released after the fish, 10-25 million tails / acre.

4 clear water in the pond: do not apply fertilizer, directly into the fish fry, this method due to the water less palatable bait rotifers, not enough to eat, so the fish fry weak, the survival rate is also low.

5 management:

(1) timely replenishment: after the fry into the pond, in the first few days of growth is particularly fast, there is often a shortage of natural bait, so pay attention to replenishment. Commonly used soybean plus cooked egg yolk slurry splash feeding. Every day with 2-4kg of soybean per mu plus 3-5 cooked egg yolks into a pulp immediately sprinkled feeding, focusing on feeding a few meters of water near the edge of the pool. You can also splash filtered fresh pig's blood once every three days. Soybean paste can be directly eaten by the fry some, but also can fertilize the water quality, rich in natural bait. At present, there are also fish fry material circulating in the market, shaped like microcapsules or powder, can be fed from 6-8 minutes, both supplemental food, but also to induce the fry to grab food, thus promoting the development of the digestive tract, is conducive to improving the survival rate and strong fry.

(2) Fertilizer and water management: apply fertilizer every three days to keep rotifers in the water at a high level. You can also draw some water from the fattened adult fish pond every day and add it to the fish fry pond not only to add natural bait for the fry, but also to prevent the occurrence of bubble disease caused by adding too much water from the machine well. Weekly water change should be 1/3-1/2.

(3) careful observation: fry cultivation process should be strengthened patrol. Observe its activities, feeding, growth, water quality changes, the presence of enemies, diseases and other conditions. At the same time, the fish fry should be divided into pools at the right time to prevent too dense resulting in uneven specifications. If necessary, you also need to pull the net to exercise the fish fry to enhance endurance.

Two specifications of fish species cultivation: cultivated by the summer flower, the length and weight of the fish fry have grown many times, the ability to adapt to enhance the many changes in food has been the characteristics of the species, began to prefer concentrates, so it should be as early as possible to smooth the transition to eat with the feed. Feeding methods are:

1 monotrophic method: choose 2-4 acres, water depth 1-1.5 acres, sterilized ponds, put the summer flower fish species 3000-6000 tails / acre, feeding with feed or soybean cake, silkworm pupae, fishmeal mixtures, the requirements of feed protein 35% or more, 8-12 times a day, baiting rate of 5-8%.

2 mixed culture method: carp summer flowers and other species of fish mixed, can be carp-based or as a supplement. If the carp is the main, it should strengthen the feed feeding, if the chub is the main can be appropriate to cultivate the water quality, if the grass carp is the main, the carp should be put less.

3 feeding management

(1) early food fry open earlier, the earlier the starting point of growth, the better the growth. You should strive for an early and smooth transition to feeding with full-price compound feed.

(2) pay close attention to the strong food fish species in the early stage (plus the inch piece to 25-30 time) growth is particularly fast, body length and weight growth are fast, the need for feed is also more, at this time should be strengthened feeding, some fishermen bait rate of more than 10% in this period.

(3) Feed adhere to the quality, timing, positioning, quantitative "four", according to the feeding rhythm to be fed.

(4) the daily management of good morning, noon and night "three patrols and four checks", grasp the climate, fish, the condition of the fish to maintain the rapid growth of the fish, but also regularly inject water and do a good job of flood prevention, escape prevention.

Adult fish culture

Carp is widely distributed, and there are many ways of culture, such as ponds, nets, running water, fences, rice paddies, mountain ponds and other forms of culture, pond culture is introduced here, and the rest of the culture, the reader should refer to the relevant books.

One of the carp-based culture model

The size of the fish pond is not limited, but the bait coefficient of large ponds will be high, the water depth of 1.2-1.5 meters, but also different sizes of carp species into the staging batch, to facilitate the rotation of catch and release.

This mode of feeding with feed, crude protein more than 30%, cast 4-6 times / day, baiting rate of 3-8%, its management points in addition to the traditional "water, species, bait, dense, mixed, wheel, prevention, management" eight essentials, there is a new "cross" policy: excellent species, materials, water, fine management. Although the first six words of the new "cross" policy are similar to the old "eight words" experience, the new period should contain new content, either to strengthen or supplement, here emphasize the fine management, that is, the feeding management personnel can not neglect any link. Even if it is a penny of input, but also to calculate its output how, only then, there will be a guarantee of high efficiency.

Second, the carp as a supporting stocking pattern

1. Grass carp or bream-based model: 60% grass carp or bream, 15% carp, silver carp, crucian carp*** 25%, suitable for good water sources, more forage in the region.

2. Chub-based model, chub 50%, carp 15%, grass, pomfrets, crucian carp 30%, suitable for fatter water bodies.

3. Spotted catfish and catfish-based model catfish 60%, carp 10%, chub, pomfrets 30%.

4. crucian carp-based mode: 60% of crucian carp, carp 10%, 10% grass carp, chub 20%

v fish disease prevention and treatment

a, pox disease: symptoms: early sick fish have small milky-white spots on the surface of the body, aggravation of this spot spread to the whole body. The affected part of the epidermis has milky white paraffin-like growths, when the growths grow up, they fall off by themselves, and soon grow up with new growths, which affects the growths, and kills the fish. Source: caused by herpesvirus. Epidemiology: It mainly affects carp above one year of age, and is more common in the fall, which does not easily lead to death of fish, but mainly affects growth. Prevention and treatment: ① Thoroughly disinfect the fish pond, and strictly disinfect the fish species before entering the pond. ② The use of cyanamycin aqueous solution immersion, used for 3 days.

Two, boils: Symptoms: inflammation of the skin and muscle tissue on the back, and then ulcerated into pustules, feeling swollen. Inflammation around the abscess, congestion, congestion, fin erosion into a brush (fishermen also called broom fins), severe intestinal hemorrhage and inflammation. Pathogen: Boil-type aeromonas. Epidemiology: Mostly found in mixed culture ponds dominated by chub. There is no typical onset season. It can occur all year round. Prevention and treatment: ① fish, water, pond disinfection; ② operation carefully to prevent fish injury; ③ ciprofloxacin 80mg/kg feed made of medicated bait for internal use, combined with 1ppm bleach water disinfection for 3 days

Three, rotting gill disease (commonly known as aconite distemper): Symptoms: swim alone, less food, black body color, especially the head of the black. Gill filaments rot, with silt, gill cover epidermal congestion, the middle part of the epidermis is corroded into a garden or irregular transparent window (also known as open window), gill filaments rot. Disease Source: Fish pest mucococcus. Epidemiology: Harmful to a variety of fish, water temperature 20-32 ℃ most likely to outbreaks, the disease is rare in winter, often with red skin, intestinal disease and concurrent. Prevention and treatment: ① usually before the onset of water disinfection with bleach, especially in the high temperature season; ② erythromycin 100mg/kg feed or enrofloxacin 80mg/kg feed mix internal; ③ with hygromycin 0.1ppm splash disinfection of pool water.

Four, vertical scale disease: Symptoms: the sick fish body surface rough, part of the scales (mostly in the back of the fish body) outward like a loose ball, so there is a loose ball disease called; scale capsule accumulation of translucent or blood-containing exudate, so that the scales up, so also known as the scales of the disease. With a little finger pressure on the scales, the exudate will be ejected from under the scales, and the scales will fall off. Red ulcers are formed on the scales, the eyes protrude, and the abdomen swells. 2-3 days later, it finally dies. Pathogen water-type punctate Trichoderma reesei. Epidemiology of this disease is mainly harmful to carp, crucian carp, grass carp, chub. The disease has two epidemic periods: one is the carp spawning period, and the other is the carp overwintering period; however, the main epidemic season is generally from late April to early July. The mortality rate reaches 45%, and the highest can reach 85%. Prevention and control: ① Fish body injury is the main cause of this disease, in pulling the net and other operations must be careful to prevent fish injury. ② Disinfect the fish body, water quality and pond. ③ Use 50-80mg/kg feed hygromycin or gentamycin to make medicine erbium feeding.

Five, enteritis disease: symptoms: commonly known as rotting intestinal fever. Diseased fish abdominal expansion, showing red spots, anal erythema protruding like a volcano, severe fins are also moth-eaten and broken. Cut open the fish abdomen, can be seen in the abdominal cavity, the intestinal wall is congested and inflamed, light only the front or back of the intestines show red, when serious, the whole intestine is purplish-red; intestines are generally no food, containing a lot of yellowish mucus or blood pus. Pathogen: intestinal-type punctiform gas-producing monospora. Epidemiology is very common in grass, green and carp, with a high mortality rate, generally around 50%; the disease can show two distinct epidemic seasons in a year, with a high incidence in May to June and August to September. This disease is often concurrent with bacterial gill rot. Prevention and treatment: ①Sulfaguanidine treatment: 1 gram per 10 kg of eating fish on the first day of the drug, the second to six days of the drug dosage is reduced by half. ② treatment of enteritis and gill rot disease concurrently, the whole pool sprinkled 2-3ppm quinacrine, while feeding furazolidone bait for 6 consecutive days, the dosage is 100mg per day per 10kg of fish; when the condition is serious, the first dosage of furazolidone is doubled. (iii) Feed 50 grams of garlic per 10 kilograms of fish, once a day for 3 days.

Six, skin mold disease: symptoms: mold initially parasitic, the naked eye can not see what abnormalities of the sick fish, when the naked eye to see, the mycelium has been invasive in the fish body wounds, inside and outside of the growth, when the injury is deeper, the mold can be inward deep into the muscle, spreading to the tissue cell interstitial space, outwardly grown into the mycelium, like a grayish-white cotton-wool-like, it is known as the "long hair or white problem. The fish body is stimulated to secrete a large amount of mucus, the sick fish agitation, movement is not normal, produce and other objects friction phenomenon, later fish overburden, the affected muscle decay, the sick fish slow action, appetite decline, and ultimately death. In the process of egg hatching, this disease also often occurs. Victims of fish eggs, visible to the mycelium attached to the egg membrane, egg membrane outside the mycelium clustered in the water, so there is a "filament disease" called. Parasitized fish eggs, because of its mycelium was radial, so there is also "sunseed" called. Pathogen: water mold and mycobacteria. Epidemiology: This disease occurs throughout the year and is prevalent in all fish-farming regions of the country. This kind of mold has no strict selectivity to the host, all kinds of feeding fish, from eggs to various ages of fish can be infected. Fish eggs hatching season, generally in the spring water temperature rises to about 18 ℃ to start, the water temperature at this time is most suitable for the growth and reproduction of water mold fungi. In the parental fish spawning, water mold first in the unfertilized fish eggs on the growth, reproduction, under the appropriate conditions, continuous asexual reproduction with the formation of kinetoplasts. Release a large number of zoospores to infect the fertilized eggs, so in the fertilized eggs can often be microscopically detected sprouting mycelium. This has been infected fish eggs, in the beginning of the infection of the initial period, its embryonic development can still be normal, but in the late stage, when the mycelium into the internal, or the egg membrane outside all surrounded, coupled with the near dead eggs seriously infected with water mold, so that the embryonic development of the fish eggs in the middle of the death. Especially in rainy days, low water temperature (15 ~ 20 ℃), very easy to occur and spread rapidly, resulting in a large number of fish eggs died due to infection with water mold. Prevention and treatment: ① fish pond with quicklime pond, can reduce the occurrence of this disease. ② In the process of fishing, handling and stocking should be as careful as possible, do not make the fish body injured, and pay attention to reasonable stocking density, can prevent this disease. ③Do not collect the fish with injured body as the parent fish; before the parent fish enter the pool, smear the fish body with no% malachite green ointment or appropriate amount of sulfonamide drug ointment. ④ At the onset of the disease, 0.15-0.2ppm methylene blue can be used to sprinkle the whole pool. ⑤ Prevention of water mold disease on fish eggs: firstly, we should try to improve the fertilization rate and control the spawning in good weather conditions; secondly, drenching the eggs on the nests for hatching can reduce or interrupt the chance of infection of water mold motile spores on the fish eggs, and a high hatching rate can be obtained. (6) For sticky fish eggs hatching in ponds, the available method 7ppm malachite green dipping for 10-15 minutes for 2 days, and then every morning and evening with 70-100ppm solution 10-15 kg in the hatching frame near the surface of the water sprinkled once until the fry hatch out. (vii) For eggs hatched in running water, add malachite green solution every 6 to 8 hours. Until the fry hatch out.

VII, carp stupid disease: Symptoms: mild infection without obvious changes. In severe cases, the intestinal tract can be seen to be blocked, and can cause inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and anemia, and occasionally see death. Pathogen: carp stupid tapeworm. Epidemiology: It mainly harms adult carp and crucian carp, and is common from April to August. Prevention and treatment: trichlorfon mixing internal.

eight, carp uterophagic nematode disease (also known as red nematode disease): symptoms: loose scales, scales around the muscle congestion, inflammation, ulceration. Easy to cause water mold disease complication. The worm parasites under the scales show a reddish purple irregular pattern, lift the scales will be visible red worm. Pathogen: carp uterophilic nematode. Epidemiology: more harmful to adult carp, winter parasites in the scales under the body, but the body of the smaller and not show the disease, to the spring when the water temperature warming, the body of the worms to accelerate the growth of the fish disease. Prevention and treatment: ① lime strict disinfection, kill the larvae. ② Scrub the affected area with iodine sprinkles or 1% potassium permanganate, or soak in 2% salt water for 10 to 20 minutes.