Design and Transformation of Intelligent Lighting Smart Home System

Lighting system should be said to be an indispensable and particularly cool system in smart home system. A set of intelligent lighting system with reasonable design is not only bursting with science and technology, but also extremely practical, so this series of articles starts with lighting system.

First of all, before talking about intelligent lighting system, we should popularize some basic knowledge of home lighting.

basic knowledge

1, the power supply for household lighting should be the simplest circuit. The live wire passes through the wall switch and then leads to the lamp, and the other end of the lamp is zero.

2, lighting classification The lighting commonly used at home can be roughly divided into three categories:

Incandescent lamp: it is a lamp that emits light by tungsten wire, the kind sent by Edison, which generally emits warm yellow light with low color temperature; Serious fever, so the luminous efficiency is low, and the same brightness power is much larger than that of fluorescent lamps and LEDs, which has been basically eliminated. The reason why it is basically eliminated is that it is not commonly used, but occasionally used to set off the atmosphere. Although it costs electricity, it is much better than candles and has an ancient feeling. Of course, there are many LED lamps made of incandescent lamps now, which seem to have filaments, but if you look closely, the filaments are very thick. In fact, the LED luminescent materials at that time were not ordinary incandescent lamps. Of course, it doesn't mean that incandescent lamps are useless. It is very convenient to adjust brightness by changing voltage, current or series resistance.

Fluorescent lamp (fluorescent lamp, energy-saving lamp): This kind of lamp emits fluorescence by ultraviolet fluorescent agent. Of course, different fluorescent agents can also be used to emit different colors of light. Compared with incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp has stronger color rendering, higher luminous efficiency, larger luminous area and better effect. The disadvantage is that its structure is complicated, and it needs a ballast, so it is impossible to adjust the brightness simply by adjusting the voltage and series resistance.

LED lamp: LED is a kind of light-emitting diode, which emits different colors of light from semiconductor materials. Its luminous efficiency is very high, and its volume is very small (headlights are generally composed of multiple LED beads), so it can be made into various styles, which is very flexible and convenient. The disadvantage is that the current domestic standards for LED are not accurate enough. There are many low-end products in the market with poor effect and uneven spectrum, which may even damage the eyes after long-term use. At the same time, LEDs are generally driven by constant current, which requires special drivers and special dimming circuits, and cannot be dimmed simply by changing voltage or series resistance. Three kinds of lamps have their own characteristics, and one or more of them are likely to be used in a family.

3. Wall switch

At present, most of the civil wall switches are on the live wire, so that when the lights are turned off, the live wire is disconnected, and then other departments, including the live wire and the zero wire of the light bulb, are not charged, which is relatively safe. Therefore, almost all the cassettes of household wall switches have only live wires but no zero wires.

4. Smart Lights The smart lights mentioned here refer to lights with intelligent functions, that is, lights that can be controlled by means of WiFi, Bluetooth, remote control, etc. This kind of lamp can be used to form an intelligent lighting system, but the intelligent lighting system does not necessarily need intelligent lamps. In most cases, the intelligent wall switch assembly can also realize the intelligent lighting system of ordinary lamps, and the cost is generally low. Of course, smart lights also have the advantages of smart lights. For example, some smart lights can adjust different brightness and color, and can achieve different hue and color temperature, which is not available in traditional lighting. With the above basic knowledge, we can talk about how to reform in detail.

Five transformation methods

1, single-wire intelligent wall switch, which can directly replace the existing wall switch, is certainly the most convenient to use, but it is limited by its principle (as I have said in many articles before, when this switch is closed, it is actually in a high resistance state, and a small current passes through it, so the switch itself gets power, so its opening and closing is not completely on and off like a relay or a mechanical switch), and the power of the controlled lamp is generally 5W ~.

2. Zero-fire intelligent wall switch This switch is controlled by relay and can be completely switched on and off, so it can control almost all lights from 0W to 1000 W, and the stability is definitely the best, and the price is cheaper than that of a single-fire switch. However, the problem is that this kind of wall switch needs a zero line to work, that is, there must be a zero line in the card holder, while the ordinary home decoration card holder generally does not leave a zero line, so it can only be used in the wall switch with a zero line reserved during decoration. For qualified users, I strongly recommend this method.

3, smart bulbs Smart bulbs are easier to understand, that is, the lamp itself has the function of intelligent control. As long as the light switch is turned off, the light itself can be controlled by APP or remote control. The advantage is that there is no requirement for wall switch; The disadvantage is that in this case, the control function of the wall switch is not good, because if the wall switch is turned off, it is equivalent to turning on the light only through the wall switch, but not through the APP or the remote control. At the same time, the price of this kind of lamp is relatively high, so this method is not ideal for intelligent lighting in the whole house.

4. Control box The control box is essentially a smart plug, which is switched by a relay. The cost is also very low, and each lighting can cost tens of dollars. However, the problem is similar to that of smart lights, that is, you can no longer use the switch on the wall to control the lights conveniently, so unless there is no other way, I don't recommend this method.

5. Learning lighting remote control is suitable for people who have the function of lighting RF remote control at home (lamps generally use RF remote control). As long as it is matched with the intelligent radio frequency remote control component, the cost is definitely the lowest and it is convenient to use. Of course, the problem is that you can't feedback the status in real time, that is to say, you send a remote control signal to turn on the light, but you can't be sure whether the light has been turned on. The theory is similar. The following focuses on: an example of intelligent lighting system design. Let's look at the floor plan first. This is an ordinary multi-storey house with a building area of 1 10 square meter. The main lighting system is arranged as follows.

Analysis of lighting system This is a conservative lighting structure. The common lighting arrangement in ordinary families is simple and typical, so I choose this apartment as an example. In order to cooperate with the control of lighting system, brightness and human body sensors are added in every room and area, and door magnets are installed at the entrance door. The automatic control of lighting mainly depends on the ambient brightness and human body sensor to decide whether to turn on the lighting. The above lighting system adopts zero fire intelligent wall switch. The specific settings of each room are explained in detail in the design points.

Realize the function

1, scene function: automatically turn on/off some lights, turn on/off all lights, etc. According to the situation.

2. When the ambient light is dark, turn on the light automatically when you go home.

In the bathroom, someone turns on the light automatically in the dark and turns on the light strip at night, but no one turns off the light automatically.

4. In the kitchen and balcony, some people turn on the lights automatically in the dark, and when people leave, they turn off the lights automatically.

5. It is detected that someone moves the automatic opening part in various areas such as the master bedroom and the second bedroom at night.

6. The living room and dining room automatically switch according to the brightness of light and activities.

Key points of design

1, as long as people are detected to be moving and the light is dim, you can turn on the kitchen light. There are always people moving in the kitchen, and the timeout of the human infrared sensor does not need to be too long. Generally, you can turn off the lights when there is no activity for 2 to 5 minutes. A balcony is similar to a kitchen.

2. The bathroom lighting is generally divided into two situations. Under normal circumstances, when dark light and people are detected, the ceiling lamp and light band are turned on. For the night after falling asleep, the ceiling lamp is generally not turned on. Because the bright light is dazzling, the automatic mode can be set to 22: 00-6: 00. When the living room is dark and the master bedroom is dark, the light belt is turned on to provide night, and no one is there for 3-5 minutes.

3. It's not difficult to turn on the light automatically when going home, but it's a bit unexpected: the door magnet detected that the door was open, and the human infrared sensor at the entrance of the porch was empty and the light was dim, so the living room light was turned on. The reason for this setting is to prevent the lights from turning on automatically when you leave home. The most obvious difference between leaving home and going home is whether you can be noticed when you open the door. If you go home, open the door when no one moves, and if you go out, open the door when someone moves.

4. It is suggested that the human infrared sensor should be installed at a relatively low position in the master bedroom and the second bedroom, so that human body induction will not be triggered when people fall asleep, but at night, the light strip under the bed can be lit at the same time. It is generally not recommended to turn on the ceiling lamp directly, because it will be too dazzling to turn on the ceiling lamp suddenly at night.

5. From 23: 00 p.m. to 6:00 the next day, it is recommended that all sensors be set to trigger only a few spotlights or light strips to provide weak light.

6. There are many light ratios between the living room and the dining room, but the control methods are not mixed. When someone is detected to be active and the light is dim, the light can be turned on automatically, but the delay time of turning off the light should be as long as possible when there is no one, because people may sit in the living room watching TV for a long time without big movements, resulting in that the human body sensor cannot detect someone, so this delay time is generally more than 10 minute. In addition, different lighting schemes can be matched according to different ambient brightness. This is related to personal habits, and you only need to set it according to your own habits.

7. The scene functions can be randomly matched according to individual needs, and the difficulty is relatively small, so I won't say much here.

8. If conditions permit, a brightness sensor can be set near the outdoor area to feel the ambient brightness, so that the number of indoor lamps can be automatically adjusted according to the external brightness, and more accurate brightness control can be realized. Cost accounting an intelligent wall switch: master bedroom 1, second bedroom 1, kitchen 1, dining room 1. Two smart wall switches: two in the living room, dining room 1, balcony 1 and bathroom 1. Brightness and infrared human body sensors: one in each room area, ***8. Door magnetism: 1. Gateway: 1 (or 2). Cost accounting: one smart wall switch per 120 yuan, two smart wall switches per 140 yuan, brightness and infrared human body sensors per 60 yuan, door magnet per 50 yuan and gateway 200 yuan. The total cost is: 4 *120+5 *140+8 * 60+50+200 =1910 yuan.

This paper introduces the basic structure and transformation method of intelligent system, designs a common intelligent system of house type and lighting structure, gives an example of specific function setting, and finally calculates the cost of the whole system. Thus, in fact, the cost of building a set of intelligent lighting for the whole house of 100 square meters is very low, the setting is also very simple, and the comfort will be great, so I suggest that friends can start with the intelligent lighting system and feel the charm of smart home.