In which country did traditional Western political parties first appear

Britain was the first country in the world to see the emergence of bourgeois political parties and the first to establish and practise a two-party system.

The Tory party emerged in England in 1679: the Whigs. The Whigs represented the interests of the emerging bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy, and advocated the restriction of the king's power and the increase of parliamentary power; the Tories represented the interests of the landowning aristocracy and defended the privileges of the monarch. Later, two major bourgeois parties were gradually formed, taking turns to come to power.