What are the characteristics of traffic folklore in China?

Food, clothing, housing and transportation are the basis of human survival. People have to travel in order to produce and live. Since human beings appeared on the earth, they have been constantly running around, taking cars on land and taking boats on water. In the process of historical evolution, a unique culture-traffic folklore has also been formed.

Traffic folklore: various customs and habits reflected in the traffic process. And all kinds of customs and habits are reflected through the two major elements of transportation-transportation channels and transportation.

Related links: the ancient meaning of "traffic": Shuo Wen Jie Zi explains that "crossing and shin also" refers to the calf, that is, the part with the highest movement frequency when walking; Pass, pass. The "traffic" phase group reaches four directions through the movement of the legs. Proverbs about "going out":

"It's good to be at home for a thousand days, but it's difficult to go out for a while."

"Filial piety is at home, why bother to seek immortality?"

"The more you go out, the more people you offend."

"A nest of gold and silver at home is not worth a nest of grass."

"The family is poor and not poor, and poverty is evil."

"Going out, three points are small."

"Call elder brother more, and walk ten Li Po less."

"If you walk three miles, you are a stranger."

The traditional farming culture made the ancients form a strong sense of keeping home, instead of wandering around like westerners, so they took travel as a last resort. Farmers and workers travel for service, scholars travel for knowledge and fame, businessmen go out to do business for benefits, and dignitaries and even emperors cruise, all of which have formed the tourism culture with China characteristics.

Immigration, military service, study tour, business and patrol constituted several important reasons for ancient people's travel.

1 immigrants

Due to the imbalance of natural environment and economic development and the huge difference of population distribution, various dynasties carried out immigration and reclamation activities to solve this problem. There are two kinds: folk and official. Folk, such as "going east" and "going west" in the north; Officials, such as "Huguang filling Sichuan" in the early Qing Dynasty, and "Three Gorges Immigration" in modern times is also a huge immigration project.

2 service

On the grounds of waging war or enriching the frontier defense, the ruling class forced many people to perform military service or servitude from military uniforms (building military fortifications and transporting grain and grass), so serving was another important reason why ancient people had to leave their homes. For example, Hanshu Shihuozhi records the scene of people's labor: "There is no wind and dust in spring, no heat in summer, no rain in autumn, no cold and freezing in winter, and there is no day off between four o'clock." This is also reflected in Du Fu's Military Vehicle Shop.

Three study tours

The ancients emphasized "applying what they have learned" and "reading thousands of books and taking Wan Li Road" in reading. It has become a common social phenomenon to leave home to study in other parts of Beijing. At the same time, with the implementation of the imperial examination system, scholars from all over the world can go to Beijing to catch the exam and win fame, so that they can return to China with honor after winning the second place in the exam. In addition, studying abroad can also make friends with world celebrities and expand their popularity.

4 doing business

Although the ancient merchants were at the end of the four people, the merchants were regarded as the end and their status was not high. With the continuous development of economy, businessmen play an increasingly important role in society. "Whoever pried open the money first, accidentally left her", on the one hand, pointed out the essence of businessmen's profit-seeking, and at the same time, explained that business activities require businessmen to travel frequently.

Five cruises

In feudal times, emperors and nobles often went out for cruises, and emperors toured famous mountains and rivers for the long-term stability of the country. At the same time, you can also learn about the local customs. In addition, in order to prevent local officials from colluding for personal gain, feudal rulers established the system of official rotation and exile, which also made many officials rush about in the sea of officials.

Beam bridge: long slate or all-wood beams and bricks, wood or stone columns, also known as flat bridge. It is a bridge built with piers and beams as the main load-bearing components, and it is the most basic and main type of ancient bridges in China. The beam bridge first appeared in primitive society, and the wooden bridge was its original form.

The famous beam bridges are Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou and Anping Bridge in Jinjiang.

Luoyang Bridge, also known as Wan 'an Bridge, is located at the entrance of Luoyang River in the northeast suburb of Quanzhou, hence its name. It is Dashiqiao, the first seaport in China. During the Northern Song Dynasty (1053), the construction of the bridge was presided over by Cai Xiang, the county magistrate, and it took more than six years to complete. The water surface is 2.5 kilometers wide, and the Jiang Tao is undulating and unfathomable. Building a bridge is really not easy. However, in those days, craftsmen used the "raft foundation" (that is, a large number of stones were dropped along the middle line of the bridge with ship-borne stones to form a low stone embankment at the bottom of the river) to build the pier, and finally they conquered it and built the world-famous giant stone bridge of Liangshi Harbour. Cable bridge is also called suspension bridge, cable bridge or suspension bridge. This is a kind of bridge with bamboo and rattan, iron cable and other rigging as the main load-bearing components of the bridge body, which is divided into bamboo cable bridge, rattan cable bridge and iron cable bridge.

Liusuo, a form of cable bridge, is popular among Dulong, Lisu, Tibetan, Yi and other ethnic minorities in southwest areas such as Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. Generally, bamboo poles, rattan or iron ropes are used to make sliding ropes, which are tied to tree trunks or iron piles at both ends of the mountain stream. When people pass by, they use their hands and feet to face the blue sky and sneak past the deep stream with their backs to them.