How to understand the integration of scientific and technological beauty and artistic beauty

Art is national and science is worldwide; Art is proprietary and science is universal; Art is complete and science is flawed; Art is impulsive, science is calm.

Although there are significant differences between art and science, there is no denying the long and close relationship between them. Both artistic creation and scientific creation have many characteristics, one of which is that both activities need to carefully select a large number of materials.

Science generally has enough guesses and assumptions, but the problem is how to screen out the real gold of ideas from the torrent of guesses and assumptions. It can be said that the difficulty of scientific creation lies in screening a large number of possibilities. The so-called scientific genius is actually a good choice. Isn't art the same? A poet said, "Choice-this is the soul of poetry." Moderate poets can also write good poems. The difficulty is to eliminate the failure in poetry, that is, to be good at giving up. An artist said, "The masterpiece of sculpture is a stone with redundant parts removed." The difficult thing is to be good at removing the redundant parts. In fact, giving up and removing is just the other side of the choice. Giving up failure is the same.

The second characteristic of artistic creation and scientific creation is that both activities have obvious anti-entropy characteristics. The so-called "entropy" can be defined as a measure of chaos. In all kinds of changes of material system, there is a tendency to change to the maximum entropy value, that is, the greatest possibility of material change is to tend to chaotic state rather than strict state. The so-called anti-entropy means creating order. The value of artistic creation and scientific creation lies in obtaining an orderly state. The wisdom of scientists makes the chaotic state of nature orderly, and the genius of artists makes the vague feeling of individuals orderly. It can be said that music is an orderly voice, painting is an orderly line, sculpture is an orderly form, and poetry is an orderly sentence. The so-called artistic law is actually an artistic order. That is, the creed followed by artists' anti-entropy activities. The basic job of scientists is to create order from disorder. Mendeleev arranged various seemingly chaotic elements into a clear periodic table, and Copernicus arranged the originally unclear solar system into a neat galaxy with the sun as the center and the planets going their own ways. Darwin, on the other hand, weaved the dazzling biological world into an up-and-down "biological tree spectrum" They discovered the truth, created order, and also discovered and created beauty. It can be said that the periodic table of elements, Heliocentrism and biological tree spectrum are all excellent works created by scientists' anti-entropy activities. "Anti-entropy" conveys the creative activities of scientists and artists.

Art and science have their own personalities and characteristics. The course "Appreciation Aesthetics" discusses art and science from an aesthetic point of view, and shows the similarities between the two major cultural fields of human beings. This is a brand-new aesthetic course, as well as a brand-new aesthetic education and quality education course. However, it does not belong to theoretical aesthetics, technical aesthetics, engineering aesthetics and architectural aesthetics.

This course is not the simple superposition of art, science and aesthetics, but the intersection and integration of the three; It is not a simple superposition of artistic aesthetics and scientific aesthetics, but a comprehensive grasp and re-refinement of art and science, showing the beauty of art and science from different angles and levels.

Many aesthetic problems are not only related to art, for example, the golden section is a problem related to science, art and aesthetics. As the content of aesthetic education, this problem inevitably involves science and art, and the golden section is a mathematical proportion, which has had a far-reaching impact on architectural art, sculpture art, painting art, theoretical aesthetics, formal aesthetics and practical aesthetics for more than two thousand years, indicating that it is not only that.

The golden section principle was originally applied to architecture and sculpture. Built in the 4th century BC, the Parthenon in ancient Greece, its tall and neat marble columns divide the height of the temple according to the golden section principle, presenting a solemn aesthetic feeling. Many famous buildings in the world, such as the Great Pyramid of Khufu in Egypt, the Taj Mahal in India, the Forbidden City in China, Notre Dame and so on. , consciously or unconsciously applied the golden section principle in composition design. In order to achieve the beauty of modeling, Venus, the ancient Greek goddess, and Apollo, the sun god, both deliberately lengthened the legs of the statue to make it more beautiful and conform to the golden section rule. Later, this rule was applied to painting art, such as Oliyad, Mountain God by Brock, Sleeping Venus by Pushan, Venus and Cupid by Velazquez, founding ceremony by famous Chinese painters Dong and Waiting by Zhan Jianjun.

In science and technology and production technology, the golden section rule is more widely used and seems to have incomprehensible magic. The vertical structure of a building, the plane layout of a group of buildings, the length ratio of airplane fuselage to wingspan, the three-dimensional ratio of car compartments, as well as window frames, wardrobes, desks, glass plates, lecture clips, student ID cards, playing cards, cigarette cases, matchboxes, business cards, photos, TV screens, etc., are all wide rectangles. Its aspect ratio usually conforms to the golden section rule. Science also has beauty-the golden section is a famous example of this assertion. This belongs to the "proportional beauty" in scientific beauty. Besides, there are other colorful aesthetic contents and forms in the field of science.

The division and fracture of art and science on the historical stage from the Renaissance to the beginning of the 20th century promoted their respective development in a certain sense. These 400 years, whether art or science, can be called the golden age in the history of human culture. However, unlike the seamless connection between art and science in the early history of mankind, the return and integration of art and science at a higher level and contemporary level called for today will surely make human civilization take an unprecedented great step. Achieve a leap in the essential sense. In fact, the division and fracture between art and science in history has never been absolute, whether in essence or in phenomenon. They seem far away, but they have always been inextricably linked. Since the 2008+09 century, although it is extremely rare for artists to make achievements in the field of science, it is not only scientists who maintain a certain artistic hobby.

In the past century, the trend that art and science originally merged and then parted ways became more and more obvious. The wheel of history has entered a new era in which art and science promote each other and develop together. Since the beginning of the 20th century, not only a series of interdisciplinary comprehensive arts have emerged, but also the trend of communication and re-integration between art and science has become increasingly obvious. It's hard to imagine a new comedy coming out. A writer said, "A poet is not a contemporary poet if he can't hear the music and rhythm of the Helcrete universe and the atomic movement in the blood circulation system." Artists and scientists need to learn from each other. Contemporary cutting-edge science and technology are promoting revolutionary changes in artistic creation and appreciation. The musical instrument database can enable musicians to play in front of a console instead of a large symphony orchestra. Computers can also be widely used in music playing, chess playing, painting, sculpture, literary creation and analysis of artistic works. Science is entering the field of art at an unprecedented pace.

Contemporary art is also actively infiltrating into the scientific field. Residential buildings, garden buildings, various industrial products and even the design of the space shuttle all reflect the aesthetic taste of contemporary human beings. The short history of scientific aesthetics has been divided into theoretical aesthetics, practical aesthetics, appreciation aesthetics and other different categories, and gradually formed engineering aesthetics, architectural aesthetics, decorative aesthetics and so on in the comprehensive practice of science and art, and a complete scientific and technological aesthetics discipline system is under construction. Modern scientific and technological theories such as system theory, cybernetics, information theory, catastrophe theory, synergy theory and dissipative structure theory are not only applied to artistic creation and research, but also regard art as the material for its own enrichment and development.

The essential reason why art and science can communicate and merge is that both art and science are a way to express spiritual meaning through the form or structure of some media.

Art and science are the most obvious manifestations of human creativity and the most powerful testimony of human civilization. The reason why human beings are called the spirit of all things lies in their ability to discover truth and create beauty, which other creatures do not have in the true sense. Butterflies and gloating are just to attract the opposite sex, and their own beauty is only the result of long-term natural selection. They can take advantage of beauty. It is hard to say that beauty can be created. The ability to discover truth and create beauty, like the ability of thinking and language, has become a watershed between human beings and other animals and a greatness of human beings. Where there is no truth, goodness and beauty, there will be no greatness. The discovery of truth depends on science, and art can bring beauty. If the advantages of art and science are brought into full play, it will certainly promote the great progress of human culture.

When people's horizons are constantly expanding and their concepts are constantly updated, all traditional ideas will be tested. Those so-called "experts" who are confined to one field and shy away from each other will never be able to adapt to the development trend and historical process of human civilization in the future. At present, the mutual introduction and promotion of art and science can only be regarded as a beginning. The future development of art and science is infinite. The basic quality of talents in the 2 1 century inevitably requires both comprehensive perception and the ability to understand and use scientific symbols and artistic images. Then, through planned education, we can make up for the defects of traditional aesthetic education and cultivate young students in an all-round way with artistic beauty and scientific beauty, which has historically become a brand-new and important topic in today's education department.