Follow Fei Xiaotong to see the local society

Follow Fei Xiaotong to see the local society

-Read "Local China"

20 17/7/3 1

Born and raised in rural life, my feelings are very complicated. The life of more than 30 years has witnessed the changes of rural life. When I was a child, my life was slow, quiet and carefree, but as I grew up, many people left the countryside to work, leaving only the left-behind elderly and left-behind children in the village. As soon as the Spring Festival arrives, the village is particularly lively, but it soon falls into silence. Houses are built higher and higher, but fewer and fewer people. In the alley of the village, the grass grows gradually. The grass grows taller than people, and the path is only about a foot wide. I feel that I don't know much about the local society, so I bought this book "Native China" and look forward to following Fei Xiaotong to learn about the local culture around me.

Fei Xiaotong said that from the grassroots level, China society is rural. Because it doesn't flow or it doesn't flow very much, people and things around you are "learning from time to time", and there is no need for contracts and abstract principles. However, in the process of entering modern society from rural society, the lifestyle we cultivated in rural society has produced disadvantages, and social development has forced us to change our way of thinking and interpersonal communication. Take the spirit of contract as an example. The west has the spirit of contract since ancient times, but our local society does not need a contract. We pay attention to honesty, but honesty works for acquaintances. Where are the strangers? With the development of the times, contract consciousness has gradually penetrated into our lives, even between acquaintances and relatives, contracts are needed.

In the second and third chapters, Mr. Fei Xiaotong explained that "writing to the countryside" is not entirely necessary, because in rural society, people do not need to communicate through written language, nor can they judge whether rural people are stupid because they do not master written language. They just don't develop an understanding of strange things in big cities in their lives. They have a lot of knowledge in their lives, but they can't use it in urban life. Very reasonable, but I find it strange: don't rural people need the enjoyment of spiritual life, such as reading books and newspapers To read, you must always master certain words, right? Whether in rural society or modern society, people will have spiritual pursuit and enjoyment, right? I still remember when I was a child, I read the story book "Little Swallow Li San" on my father's shoulder, and I still remember the scene where three brothers and sisters scrambled to find a book and hid it.

I quite agree with a main point in Mr. Fei's book: the social pattern in the West is mainly a group pattern, and the group pattern pays attention to equality and fair contracts. The rural social pattern in China is a kind of poor order pattern, just like a stone thrown on the water, and ripples are pushed out in circles. Everyone is the center of the circle pushed out by his social influence, and the things pushed out by the ripples of the circle are interlinked. What Confucianism pays most attention to is human relations. What is interpersonal relationship? Mr. Fei's explanation is derived from himself, and the difference between the waves of manpower that have social relations with him. In the pattern of differential order, social relations are gradually pushed out from one person to another, which is the increase of personal relationships, and the social scope is the network of personal relationships. Therefore, all social morality in our traditional society only occurs in personal relationships. Seeing this, we also understand why "one person gets the word" in feudal society, why we need to find acquaintances when we enter the hospital, and why we need to find someone to handle affairs. Confucius' moral system is never willing to leave the center of the pattern of differences, which is why "filial piety comes first", "hiding the son as the father", "direct complaint" and "a gentleman seeks for himself, while a villain seeks for others". The Mohist school's "love without difference" is just the opposite of the Confucian human relations order, so Mencius scolded him for having no father and no gentleman, which also doomed the decline of Mohist school.

In the chapter of "inaction politics", the author puts forward two forms of power: violent power and consent power. Violent power is oppressive, and the basis of consent power is social contract, which is the power given by different division of labor. The main reason why power is attractive is economic interests. With the consent of power, people who hold power are not protecting their own special interests, so society must recruit them with honor and high salary. If there is no economic benefit, the power of violence is of little significance, so it will not happen easily. Since ancient times, wars between countries are not for economic interests, are they not? The United States emphasizes the right of consent, but isn't it tyranny to attack Iraq? Interestingly, the rulers of China's traditional feudal society practiced violent power, but because China is a big agricultural country with a poor foundation, the result of violent power is full of complaints. Qin Ershi just wanted to build the Great Wall to consolidate national defense, but the people couldn't afford it, so Chen Sheng and Guangwu rose up. So China established the ideal of inaction politics in the cycle of long-term chaos and long-term combination. In fact, in rural society where the mountain is high and the emperor is far away, the right of consent is basically active. However, unlike the consent right in the west, the consent right in rural society is the right of education, and the author named it "the rule of elders". Think about Classics, a local respected "Li Zheng", and you can understand and agree with this name.

The author said that the rural society in China is a consanguineous society, and consanguinity means that anyone's rights and obligations depend on consanguinity, and geography is a social relationship developed from commerce. College is the foundation of identity society, while geography is the foundation of contract society. Business cannot exist in a closely related society, and transactions are maintained by human feelings. In rural society, the trading market is usually not in the village but in an open space, because it is an act between strangers and cannot involve other social relations. Cities are geo-social, so they pay attention to contracts and laws. Therefore, the interpersonal relationship in the city is simpler and purer, while the rural society is countless debt of gratitude. Comparing the West, the East and the West, especially the immigrant areas, such as the United States, why did the country establish a constitution that has been used for hundreds of years so quickly? Because it is a geopolitical society; China has been paying attention to filial piety for thousands of years, and its population mobility is not great, so it is a blood society. Is this the reason why business in China has been depressed for thousands of years? In the past, I always saw that the imperial system attached importance to agriculture and suppressed commerce, but in fact, the agricultural society paid too much attention to human feelings, the population did not flow much, and commerce could not prosper.

Looking up from the book to see the social development around me, I feel that the development of modern economy will force the traditional pattern of difference in China to change, and the pace from human society to contract society has been ringing around me; Global economic and social development will inevitably force great changes in education in China, especially in basic education. If we still take exams as our responsibility and train students with high scores, then we will all become frogs in the well like children. Can't you see that there is less and less water in the well and the wellhead is getting smaller and smaller?

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