These 22 ancient pagodas in Liao Dynasty have stood for thousands of years, all of which are "national security" and can be called the most beautiful business cards in Liaoning.

After traveling in Liaoning for more than a month, I was most impressed by dozens of Liao pagodas distributed all over the province. Looking for the Liao Tower is a time-consuming and laborious chore, but it has also become a pleasure these days.

Liao Dynasty (907- 1 125) was a dynasty established by the northern Khitan nationality in the history of China, and its territory included large areas of North China, Northeast China, Mongolia and Russia. Although it has only existed for more than 200 years, it is a country that advocates Buddhism, and building stupas became a fashionable move at that time. Some historians even attributed one of the reasons for the demise of the Liao Dynasty to the fact that the stupa hollowed out its finances, which led to economic collapse and the inability to resist foreign enemies, which eventually led to national subjugation. Although this statement is far-fetched, it also proves a historical fact that it did its best to build the tower.

The stupas built in Liao Dynasty (collectively referred to as Liao Pagoda) have their own unique styles, techniques and structures. At present, there are less than 100 Liao pagodas in the world, and there are more than 40 in Liaoning, accounting for about half of the total, of which 22 are national key cultural relics protection units, all of which have stood for thousands of years, representing a high artistic level of Liao pagodas.

* * * There are 14 prefecture-level cities in Liaoning Province, and these 22 Liao pagodas are distributed in 8 cities, which are geographically close to the central, northern and western parts, but few in the eastern and southern parts. The reason is beyond my experience and knowledge. I can only appreciate it from the perspective of a traveler, not explore it.

Also known as Chongshou Temple Tower, the northernmost Liao Tower in Liaoning Province, is located in Chongshou Temple in the old city of kaiyuan city under the jurisdiction of Tieling City. It was built in the Jin Dynasty (1 156) or earlier. It is an octagonal 13 solid brick tower with dense eaves and a height of 66 meters. It is a typical representative building of Liao and Jin culture and the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Located in Huanggu District, Shenyang City, it was built in the 13th year of Liao Dynasty (1044) and rebuilt in the 5th year of Qing Chongde (1640). Because there are 1548 relics in the tower, it is called "Clean Buddha Tower". 13-story octagonal brick tower with dense eaves and a leisure park around it is the "sunset photo of Tawan" of the eight scenic spots in Shenyang. The tower is the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

There are three ancient pagodas in Liao and Jin Dynasties in Haicheng under the jurisdiction of Anshan City, collectively known as "Three Pagodas in Haicheng". They are called "Golden Pagoda", "Silver Pagoda" and "Iron Pagoda" by local people respectively. Among them, the Golden Pagoda and the Silver Pagoda are the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Yinta is located in the orchard in Beishan, Xitazigou Village, Wenjie Town, about 25 kilometers southeast of Haicheng City. It is about 20 meters high and is commonly known as the "Silver Tower" because it is slightly white. Yinta Temple was originally built in Tasmania and was destroyed in 1960s and 1970s.

Jinta is located in the west mountainside of Yangjiaoyu, Shimu Town, Haicheng City. It is a solid octagonal thirteen-story brick structure with dense cornices. Baota Dachan Baolin Temple, also known as Jinta Temple, was originally built in the north of the pagoda and was destroyed in the 1960s and 1970s. Haicheng Golden Pagoda is the largest and most exquisite building among the three pagodas in Liao Dynasty.

Due to its recent age (Jin Dynasty) and small scale, the iron tower is a municipal cultural relics protection unit.

Among many Liao pagodas, Liaoyang Baita is undoubtedly one of the best. Liaoyang Baita is located in the central area of Liaoyang Prefecture (now Liaoyang City) in Tokyo, Liao country. It is an octagonal 13-story solid brick tower with hanging curtains and dense eaves, with a height of 70.4 meters, exquisite design and large scale. It is an artistic masterpiece of the integration of Qidan national culture and Buddhist culture, which has high historical, scientific and cultural value. The third batch of national key cultural relics protection units is one of the earliest Liao pagodas selected for national protection.

Fuxin City in the northwest of Liaoning Province has two Liao pagodas selected as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units, namely Tayingzi Pagoda and Dongtashan Pagoda.

It is said that there used to be more than ten Liao pagodas in Fuxin, but most of them were destroyed in the 1960s and 1970s. It is not easy for Tayingzi Pagoda to survive.

Tayingzi Tower is located on the bank of Raoyang River in the hilly area of western Liaoning, Tayingzi Township, Fumeng County, Fuxin City. In A.D. 1023, Emperor Lu Ye Longxu of Liao Dynasty built a private castle here for his second daughter, Guan Gu Gong, and named it Yizhou. Yizhou is an important transportation hub leading to North Korea and connecting the Central Plains. Its strategic position is very important, and it is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. After a long time, Yizhou City became the political, military, economic and cultural center of Northeast China for three times.

In addition, it is the hometown of Zhang Sanfeng, a Taoist master and the originator of Wudang. It is said that during the Yuan Taizong period, Zhang Sanfeng's father was an official and later retired, where his mother gave birth to Zhang Sanfeng.

Located in Red Hat Township, Fumeng County, Fuxin City, also known as Red Hat Tower. Because it is located on a hill with dense pine forest, it is impossible to use navigation, and it took a lot of effort to find it. The remote location has also completed its reservation. 1967, the relevant units excavated the underground palace under the tower and unearthed a number of precious cultural relics.

Chaoyang, a tourist city in western Liaoning, is the birthplace of Hongshan Culture and the area with the highest density of stupas in Liao Dynasty. One * * * Eight and nine Liao pagodas have been designated as national key cultural relics protection units.

Located in Huanghuatan Village, Dapingfang Town, Chaoyang City, it is an octagonal solid 13-story brick structure with dense eaves and a height of about 32 meters. It belongs to the stupa of Jianzhou in Zhong Xing area of Liao Dynasty, and the site of Jianzhou in Liao Dynasty is under Tashan Mountain. Huanghuatan Tower is the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

The early building in Liao Dynasty, with a tower height of 34.4 meters and a brick octagonal 13-step dense eaves, is white, tall and noble, and is located in Balingguan Village, Dapingfang Town, Chaoyang City. The seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Sanliao Pagoda is located in Dongping Village, Dapingfang Town, Chaoyang City. Because it is in Dapingfang Town with the first two pagodas, it is also called "Three Pagodas in Dapingfang Town". Dongping Tower is a small-scale hexagonal nine-level brick tower with dense eaves and a height of 20 meters. Selected as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Also known as Wujiazi Pagoda, it is located on a slope in the west of Wujiazi Village, Xiyingzi Township, Chaoyang County, Chaoyang City. Built in the eighth year of Emperor Shengzong of Liao Dynasty (AD 990), it is a typical mighty King Kong Tower in Liao Dynasty. It is a square hollow thirteen-level brick tower with dense eaves, and it is one of the five existing square Liao towers in Liaoning. The seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Located on the cliff in the northwest ravine of Zhengjiazhangzi Village, Mutouchengzi Town, Chaoyang County, Chaoyang City, the two towers are 23 meters apart, with the height of the east tower 1 1 m and the height of the west tower 13 m.. It belongs to the historical site of Jianzhou area in Zhong Xing area of Liao Dynasty. The shapes of the two towers are different, which may come from different times and different craftsmen. Among them, the East Tower is a hollow octagonal single-eave brick tower, and the shape is a combination of pavilion and bowl cover. The top of the tower is covered with bowls, and the bottom of the tower is decorated with lotus petals to support the tower. Its beauty lies in adding diversity and appreciation to the seemingly monotonous Liaota family. 20 13 was approved by the State Council as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Yun Jie Temple, located in Fenghuang Mountain Scenic Area of Chaoyang City, is a landmark building in the ancient buildings of Fenghuang Mountain. Phoenix Mountain was built in Liao Dynasty, and was called Shangsi (Huayan Temple), Zhongsi (Yun Jie Temple) and Xiasi (yanshou temple) in ancient times, also known as Zhongsi Tower. Yun Jie Temple Tower is a typical cornice tower with high historical, artistic and scientific research value. The tower is a 13-story square solid brick tower with dense eaves and a height of 37 meters. In 2006, it was approved by the State Council as the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Located in the center of Chaoyang, there are three ancient pagodas in the city, namely North Pagoda, South Pagoda and East Pagoda (collapsed). Chaoyang North Pagoda is a typical Buddhist stupa, which is made of square hollow thirteen-story bricks with dense eaves and a height of 42.6 meters. It consists of rammed earth abutment, brick seat, sumeru seat, tower eaves, brake top and so on. The tower body is carved with four-faced Buddha, eight-dangerous bodhisattva, twenty-four flying, eight-spirit pagoda, tower name and other patterns, which are exquisite and rare in the world.

1988 1 1 During the renovation of Chaoyang North Tower, the Tiangong and Underground Palace were discovered for the first time, and thousands of rare treasures were unearthed. The two buddhas, Sakyamuni relic, are amazing in the world and sensational at home and abroad. At the same time, the unearthed gold-plated silver tower, gold and silver tower and Persian glass bottle were identified as national treasures by relevant state departments; Other Buddhist cultural relics such as gold and silver vessels, agate vessels, glassware, crystal vessels and exquisite jade vessels are also rare in China. The Stone Classics Building of Liao Dynasty unearthed in the underground palace is known as "the first building in Northeast China".

The construction age of Chaoyang North Tower is also full of legend. Archaeological excavations have confirmed that it has a five-fold life experience, which can be traced back to the Sanyan period of more than 300 years AD, followed by the Northern Wei, Sui, Tang and early Liao Dynasties. It can be said that the present Liao Tower was built on the platform of the Dragon Palace in Sanyan period.

1988, with the approval of the State Council, Chaoyang North Tower was selected as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Although the Chaoyang South Tower, which is separated from Chaoyang North Tower Street, is slightly less famous, its length is 2.4 meters longer than that of the North Tower, reaching 45 meters. The construction date of the South Tower is recorded accurately: the second year of Liao Dakang (AD 1076) has a history of nearly a thousand years. The South and North Twin Towers, about the same size, complement each other. They are the landmark buildings and the most beautiful business cards in Chaoyang City, and they are also rare historical sites in Liao Dynasty. Chaoyang South Tower 20 19 was selected as the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Jinzhou City, which is adjacent to Chaoyang City, faces the sea and is backed by Yiwulu Mountain. This is a place with a long history. There are four Wuliao pagodas in Jinzhou area.

Also known as "turtle pagoda" or "semi-pagoda", I wonder if there is a homophonic factor. Who was the earliest name? Pangui Pagoda was built in Qing Ning four years in Liao Dynasty (1058). Its unique tower type is the only "flower tower" in Liaoning Province. Benji Tower is located in Benji Tower Town, Linghai City, Jinzhou. New problems are coming again. Is there a town name or a tower name first? In 20 13, Bangui Tower was selected as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Built in the Kaitai period of Liao Dynasty (A.D. 1020), it is basically an unreformed and well-preserved ancient pagoda in Liao Dynasty, although it is slightly dilapidated. The tower is 42.5 meters high, and the architectural form is the traditional octagonal solid 13-story dense eaves. Sumitomo has exquisite floral decorations and relief figures, but the surrounding houses are dilapidated and the environment needs to be improved. The seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

The landmark building of Jinzhou ancient city, built in Liao Daozong (1057) in the third year of Qing Dynasty, has a brick 13-story eaves and a tower height of 57 meters. Located in Guangji Temple, the tower is the only ancient pagoda in Liao Dynasty that can be seen from the train along the Beijing-Shenyang high-speed railway. 200 1 was selected as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units in the name of "Guangji Temple Ancient Architecture Complex".

Located in the northeast corner of Jinzhou Beizhen Town, it is the only remaining Twin Towers and Siliao Tower in China. Built in the late Liao Dynasty, it was funded by Empress Xuanyi of Liao Daozong. The two towers are separated by a tower body. The east tower is 43 meters high and the west tower is 42 meters high. Both towers are octagonal 13-story solid brick structures with dense eaves. Beautiful and straight, elegant and beautiful, it can be called the masterpiece of Liao Tower. 1988 was selected as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

There are four Liao pagodas in three places under the jurisdiction of Huludao City.

Located at the foot of the Great Wall at the foot of Yanshan Mountain in Tazigou Village, Yong 'an Township, Suizhong County, Huludao City. The two towers, one large and one small, are east-west and more than 40 meters apart. The tower is 20.44 meters high, with octagonal nine-level hollow brick tower and dense eaves. The body of the tower is engraved with the inscription "Emperor Zuo of Liao Tianxuan Buddha Pagoda", which provides physical evidence for textual research. The small tower is 9. 14m high and is a hexagonal five-level brick tower with dense eaves.

There is an interesting legend about the twin towers of Miao Feng Temple: in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, an anti-Qing team pretended to be monks and lived in seclusion in Miao Feng Temple, and often attacked the Qing army from the mountains, coming and going without a trace. Later, due to spies, the Qing soldiers traced it here, aiming at trapping and killing monks and setting fire to the temple. The fire destroyed the ancient temple, but the Twin Towers still stand today. It is the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Huludao City governs an underground ditch in Moshigou Tun, Erdaobian Village, Hongyazi Township, Xingcheng City, which is the most difficult target I have ever encountered. Sailing in a leaderless wilderness, no one around, looking for a deep valley by feeling; There is no road, so I have to stop and walk. When I was almost desperate, I saw the spire in the distance, which took me an hour.

Whether this ancient pagoda is Liao Dynasty or Jin Dynasty is inconclusive, but it can be selected into the seventh national security list, which shows its cultural value. Among all the 22 Liao pagodas, it is the only ancient pagoda decorated with glazed tiles, which is very rare and has become its magic weapon to win.

Commonly known as the octagonal Linglong Tower, it is located in Tagou Village, Baita Township, Xingcheng City under the jurisdiction of Huludao City. It was built in the eighth year of Da 'an, Yelu Hongji of Liao Daozong (AD 1092). The tower is 43 meters high and has an octagonal and thirteen solid eaves. In the corner of Mount Sumi, there is a brick carving king Lux as a support. The eight sides of the tower are embedded with stone pillars and engraved with the names of the eight towers. There are niches and built-in Buddha statues in the middle of each facade. The seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Finally, several ancient pagodas in different periods in Liaoning Province were put in, either because they were not national key cultural relics protection units or because they were not Liao pagodas, so there was no introduction. However, the cultural value of these ancient pagodas is not inferior, and some of them are quite distinctive. They are well-known local landmarks and worth appreciating.