What are the characteristics of assembled buildings?

China's current building construction technology was formed in the 1980s, that is, reinforced concrete cast-in-place system, also known as wet work. This method solved three major problems at the time, one is the limited capacity of lifting equipment, the second is in the early stage of reform and opening up of China's labor abundance, employment is difficult, and the third is the cast-in-place system of seismic performance is good. Later on, building construction basically use the cast-in-place concrete building, although the rapid development of urban and rural construction contributes a lot, but the drawbacks are also more obvious, one is the construction process is too sloppy, steel cement and other building materials loss is more; two is the construction site is dirty and messy, is an important source of pollution of the city's respirable particles; three is the quality of the construction of cracking and seepage and other problems are prominent, which is the cast-in-place concrete process caused by the people of our country is the most complaints about the building. Construction complaints the most problems, four is China's current labor shortage in general, recruitment difficulties has become one of the important problems facing the construction industry. So the development of assembly building is the general trend, which is not subject to the will of others.

The main features of assembly building are as follows:

01, functional diversification

Through a large number of on-site assembly operations, the on-site cast-in-place operations have been greatly reduced, which can significantly improve labor productivity. From the functional point of view, firstly, the exterior wall of the assembly building is designed with the function of heat preservation, which can make the occupants feel warm in winter and cool in summer, saving the number of times of air-conditioning use, and reducing the pollution of the air by the wide range of; secondly, the sealing function of the wall and doors and windows of the assembly building is better, and the sound insulation effect is good; thirdly, the fire prevention and earthquake resistance performance is good, and the special materials of the assembly building can give people a safe and comfortable living environment, not easy to spontaneous combustion in dry weather, long-term use will not appear cracks, yellowing and other problems, the assembly building seismic performance is better.

02, construction assembly

A large number of components of the assembly building are produced and processed by the factory, m with the building, decoration of integrated design, construction and other procedures, decoration can be completed in the factory with the construction of the main body, which not only ensures the quality of the decoration, but also to speed up the overall progress of the project. As the weight of the assembly building is lighter than the traditional building, people only need to draw the basic structure of the map can be directly on the construction site, because of its construction speed is very fast, so the efficiency of the work is also much higher.

03, design diversification

Assembled buildings are more in line with the requirements of green building and the standardization of design and management of information technology to a higher degree, with the digital management of the factory, the assembly of the whole building will become more and more cost-effective. Moreover, the current building design is mostly based on the fixed pattern of the room, the overall use of the house is not very flexible, but the assembly building can avoid such shortcomings, the main residential leaf to the size of the division, according to the requirements of the residents to configure.

04, assembly building construction technology

Assembly building is the main form of industrialization of construction, product and carrier, industrialization, assembly, standardization, integration of the characteristics of the renovation, is by the building parts, building components, structural components, and mechanical and electrical equipment and other parts of the reliable connection of the assembly of two into the industrialized building. Assembled concrete structure is currently the most important structural form of assembly delivery building in China.

(1) The main components are prefabricated. A large number of building parts and components are prefabricated from workshop production, and the planarized construction method supplemented by advanced computer calculations instead of three-dimensional intersecting operations of cast-in-place structures can produce high precision prefabricated components with the error controlled within a few millimeters. Based on the strong compatibility of concrete materials, a wide variety of products can be produced using the precast industry.

(2) Most of the prefabricated components will be waterproofing, thermal insulation, structural integrated molding performance of the integrated manufacturing process, reducing the loss of materials and construction processes. At the same time, due to the prefabricated components of the pouring, maintenance, storage are carried out in the factory, subject to the weather impact is small, conducive to winter construction, in the factory production and storage of hazardous substances in the building materials during the release of the assembled building will not cause harm to the human body after the completion of the building.

(3) After the prefabrication of the structure and building components of the assembly building is completed, they will be transported to the construction site and assembled by mechanized lifting. In the construction period can be used in parallel engineering, the design institute to draw part or all of the components production plan at the same time prefabricated components production plant for component manufacturing, storage, component factory, delivery, and the site of the pile works and foundations and underground construction can also be completed at the same time, lifting process and prefabricated components production process can be carried out at the same time with the site of the various specialties of the construction. Coupled with the assembly building construction methods due to no longer follow the traditional operation surface process and turn to factory production, play a role in reducing the operation surface of the construction process, reduce the role of the construction difficulty, so that the project construction labor efficiency has been greatly improved, greatly shortening the project construction cycle.

(4) high requirements for the accuracy of the placement and marking of the Bureau of measurement, the location of the reserved holes. Due to factory production, the size of the components by prefabrication can not be changed, the release of small size will lead to prefabricated components can not be installed, large and will lead to too large splicing. Elevation measurement also needs to be more accurate, if the elevation of the shear wall is not well controlled, it will cause the laminated plate can not be installed flat, or lead to the gap between the shear wall and the plate is too large and need to re-support the mold. When the assembly concrete structure is reserved for burial, the location and size of the hole must be accurate, otherwise the re-slotting and hole will make the construction more difficult and even affect the structural safety.

(5) The construction and installation process of assembled concrete structure is relatively complex, and its construction process requires more practical engineering experience and technical level and management ability of practitioners. At present, China's relevant standards and norms on assembly building obviously lag behind the development of construction technology, limiting the application areas of assembly building and the total building height and storey height.