Different logistics concepts

China? Logistics? The word "Logistics" is a foreign word introduced from Japanese materials, which originated from the translation of the word "logistics" in Japanese materials? Logistics? . Logistics is an activity that includes basic functions such as transportation, handling, storage, custody, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing and logistics information processing. It is an activity that flows from the supplier to the receiver to meet the social needs, and it is an economic activity. The following are the different concepts about logistics that I brought to you, hoping to help you!

Different concepts of logistics:

The word "logistics" first appeared in the United States. 19 15 Archie Shaw mentioned the word "logistics" in his book Some Problems in Market Circulation, and pointed out that logistics is different from creating demand. . At the beginning of the 20th century, some western countries experienced the economic crisis of overproduction and serious shortage of demand, so enterprises put forward the problems of sales and logistics, which refers to the logistics in the sales process.

The concept of logistics was introduced into China from abroad in two ways. Once in the early 1980s. Marketing? The introduction of theory is from Europe and America, because all marketing textbooks in Europe and America must be introduced without exception? Logistics? . These two words are literally translated into Chinese. Entity allocation? Or? Physical cycle? , the so-called? Entity allocation? Refers to the physical movement of commodity entities from suppliers to demanders. Another way is? Logistics? It was introduced to Japan from Europe and America, and the Japanese translated it into Japanese? Logistics? China was introduced directly from Japan in the early 1980s? Logistics? This concept has so far.

Before the concept of logistics was introduced into China, there were always logistics activities such as transportation, warehousing, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution and processing in China, among which warehousing and transportation were the main ones. China's logistics industry is basically a foreign storage and transportation industry, but it is not exactly the same. The main differences are as follows: ① Logistics is more extensive than storage and transportation. Generally speaking, logistics includes transportation, storage, distribution, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing and related information activities, while storage and transportation only refer to two links, including packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing and information activities, but these activities are not included in the concept of storage and transportation; ② Logistics emphasizes the systematization of various activities in order to achieve the optimization of the whole logistics activities. The concept of storage and transportation does not involve the systematization and optimization of storage and transportation activities as a whole; ⑧ Logistics is a modern concept, which only rose in various countries after World War II, and storage and transportation is a very old and traditional concept in China.

There are many sources for the definition of logistics, among which the following are more influential:

1. As an advanced organization and management technology, modern logistics is widely regarded as the third profit source that enterprises need besides reducing material consumption and improving labor productivity.

2. Logistics is the effective flow of raw materials, intermediate stocks, final products and related information from the starting point to the consumption place to meet the needs of consumers, as well as the planning, management and control process to realize this flow (defined by the American Logistics Management Association).

3. As a part of the supply chain, logistics, in the production process of customers, its implementation and control provide effective and economical goods flow and storage services, and provide relevant information from the origin of goods to consumption to meet the needs of customers (defined by the Logistics Management Committee of the United States).

4. Logistics refers to all circulation activities that systematically transport raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products from the place of production to the place of consumption. Its contents include customer service, demand forecast, intelligence information connection, material handling, order handling, site selection, procurement, packaging, transportation, loading and unloading, waste disposal and warehouse management (defined by the winning national logistics association).

5. Logistics is the whole transfer process of products from the seller to the buyer. In order to fully realize a certain strategy, goal or task, transportation, supply and storage, maintenance, procurement, contracting and automation are integrated into a single function to ensure the optimization of each link (defined by the Transportation Research Institute of Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry).

6. Logistics is a material circulation activity. In the circulation process, transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading, packaging, distribution and processing, information and other related logistics functions are effectively combined through management procedures to create value and meet the needs of customers and society. Simply put, logistics is the whole circulation process of goods from the place of production to the place of consumers or use (defined by the Logistics Association of Taiwan Province Province, China).

7. People's Republic of China (PRC) national standard "Logistics Terminology" (GB/T 18354-200 1). Logistics is defined as the physical flow of goods from the place of supply to the place of receipt. According to the actual needs, the basic functions such as transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, distribution processing, distribution and information processing are organically combined.

Matters needing attention

The concept of logistics was put forward from 19 15, and it took more than 70 years to reach a conclusion. Now, American economists call logistics logistics, not logistics. Logistics includes the purchase of raw materials in the production field, the transportation of materials in the production process, the logistics in the factory and the logistics or sales distribution in the circulation process, which shows that its extension is more extensive.

Definition of logistics:

Explanation 1

Logistics refers to the whole process of planning, implementing and managing raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products or related information from the place of origin of goods to the place of consumption of goods by means of transportation, storage and distribution at the lowest cost. Logistics is a system that controls raw materials, finished products, finished products and information. From the beginning of supply, through the transfer and possession of various intermediate links, it reaches the final consumers, thus achieving the clear goals of the organization. Modern logistics is the product of economic globalization, and it is also an important service industry to promote economic globalization. The modern logistics industry in the world is growing steadily, and Europe, America and Japan have become important logistics bases in the world. The logistics industry in China started late. With the rapid development of the national economy, China's logistics industry has maintained a rapid growth rate, the logistics system has been continuously improved, and the industry operation has become increasingly mature and standardized.

Seven components: transportation, storage, packaging, handling, distribution processing, distribution and related logistics information.

The specific contents include the following aspects: user service, demand forecast, order processing, distribution, inventory control, transportation, warehouse management, layout and location of factories and warehouses, handling, procurement, packaging and intelligence information.

1, transportation

Logistics activities that use facilities and tools to move goods from one place to another.

2. Inventory

Inventory control: a logistics activity that controls, classifies and manages the quantity and structure of inventory.

Step 3 pack

Packaging is the general name of containers, materials and auxiliary materials used according to certain technical links in order to protect products, facilitate storage and transportation and promote sales in circulation. It also refers to the operation activities in which certain technical methods are applied in the process of using containers, materials and auxiliary materials to achieve the above purposes.

Step 4 deal with

Handling is a kind of logistics operation, which mainly moves items horizontally in the same place. Handling is the operation of transporting and storing products.

5. Distribution and processing

Distribution processing is a general term for simple operations such as packaging, segmentation, measurement, sorting, marking, labeling and assembly. In the process of goods from the place of production to the place of use

6. Information management

Collect and process logistics-related plans, forecasts, dynamic information and information about production, market and cost, so that logistics activities can be carried out effectively and smoothly.

Explanation 2

In the definition of Chinese national standard "Logistics Terminology", it is pointed out that logistics is the physical flow process of goods from the place of supply to the place of receipt, which organically combines the basic functions of transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, distribution processing, distribution and information processing according to actual needs.

Explanation 3

In logistics? Things? It is a part of the material data world that has the characteristics of material entities and can be physically replaced. Flow? It is a kind of physical movement, which has its limited meaning, that is, the physical movement relative to the earth with the earth as the reference system, called "displacement". The range of flow can be a large-scale geography, or a micro-movement and a small-scale displacement in the same area and environment. Things? And then what? Flow? Combination is an advanced form of movement based on natural movement, and its mutual connection is to find the law of movement between economic purposes and objects, between military purposes and objects, and even between certain social purposes and objects. So, logistics is not only under the above limited conditions? Things? And then what? Flow? More importantly, it is limited to the combination of military, economic and social conditions, and observes the transportation of things from the military, economic and social perspectives to meet certain military, economic and social requirements.

Explanation 4

Modern logistics should not only consider the distribution of goods from producers to consumers, but also consider the procurement of raw materials from suppliers to producers, as well as the transportation, storage and information of producers themselves in the process of product manufacturing, so as to comprehensively improve economic benefits and efficiency. Therefore, modern logistics is a strategic measure to meet the needs of consumers and unify the market conditions such as manufacturing, transportation and sales. This is different from traditional logistics, which only regards it as? Logistics support system? And then what? Play a bridge role in sales activities? Compared with the concept, it has a further meaning in depth and breadth.

summary

Generally speaking, logistics is an activity that includes basic functions such as transportation, handling, storage, custody, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing and logistics information processing. It is an activity that flows from the supplier to the receiver to meet the social needs, and it is an economic activity.

The purpose of logistics:

In the past, the purpose of implementing logistics management was to achieve the established level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost, that is, to seek a dynamic balance between service advantages and cost advantages, thus creating strategic advantages for enterprises in the competition. According to this goal, the basic problem to be solved in logistics management is simply to provide customers with the right products at the right time and place with the right quantity and price.

Logistics management emphasizes solving problems with systematic methods. Modern logistics is generally considered to be composed of transportation, storage, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing, distribution and information. Each link has its own functions, benefits and concepts. The systematic method is to make use of modern management science and technology to make each link enjoy the whole information, organize and manage each link as an integrated system, and make the system provide competitive customer service at the lowest possible total cost. According to the system method, the benefit of the system is not only the sum of the benefits of its local links. Systematic method is to analyze and evaluate all the influencing factors for a certain problem. Starting from this idea, the logistics system does not simply pursue the lowest cost of each link, because there is a tendency of mutual influence and restriction between the interests of each link of logistics, and there is an alternating and fragile relationship. For example, overemphasizing the saving of packaging materials may lead to the increase of transportation and loading and unloading costs because of its easy breakage. Therefore, the systematic method emphasizes the analysis of total cost and avoids the analysis of suboptimal effect and cost balance, so as to achieve the lowest total cost and meet the established customer service level.

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