What are the famous ancient xiao

The xiaojiao, also known as the hole Xiao, is also a very ancient musical instrument. It is made of bamboo, blowing straight, with a blowhole at the upper end, according to the sound hole for the front five and the back one.

The xiao, also known as the hole xiao, is a wind instrument. This single tube vertical blowing xiao, as early as the Han Dynasty pottery figurines have appeared. Subsequent murals, stone carvings have been seen. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the shakuhachi, xiaojiao and vertical gong were the predecessors of the xiao in the Ming and Qing dynasties and even the modern xiao. In order to differentiate the horizontal flute, the Ming Dynasty called the vertical gong a xiao. Qing Dynasty "justice of the law after the editing": "Ming Dynasty is straight said xiao, no longer have a vertical quail. Now xiao long one foot eight inches weak, from the upper mouth blowing, there is a back out of the hole. Flute blowing horizontally, no back out of the hole. Then today's xiao is the ancient flute, believe it."

The front of the pipe has five holes for pressing the tone, and the back has one hole for pressing the tone. In addition to two depressions near the ends, the rest are the same as the modern bamboo flute. Qing Dynasty Zhou Lianggong "Min Xiaoji" contains: "Dehua porcelain xiaojiao flute, color white, style is also good, but tired of a hundred branches without one or two in tune; together is the sound of bleak, far in the bamboo". Visible firing is not easy.

Modern xiao with purple bamboo, yellow withered bamboo or white bamboo production, the total length of 70-78 centimeters, the inner diameter of the tube body 1.2-1.4 centimeters. The upper end is left with bamboo joints, and the lower end and the tube are hollowed out. The upper edge of the mouthpiece, the middle of the tube body to open six holes according to the sound, five in front of the back of one, the back of the bottom of the sound hole to open two, for tuning, and under the opening of two holes to help the sound, you can beautify the tone, increase the volume of sound, tethered floating spike. No membrane hole. Some xiao increased to eight holes, and with copper socket, can be fine-tuned pitch.

Commonly found are the purple bamboo pipe, the nine-section pipe and the black lacquer nine-section pipe. Purple bamboo pipe, pipe body is thicker, the number of sections is not limited, the tone is low and bright, mostly used for solo or ensemble; Nine section xiao, pipe body has nine sections and engraved with a variety of patterns or text carvings, some in the lower end of the set of bone ring; Black lacquer nine section xiao, the body of the pipe coated with black lacquer. These two kinds of nine section xiao, pronunciation is simple, beautiful tone, mostly used for local opera accompaniment.

The tone of the xiao is different. Common for the G key, can be flat blowing and super blowing, the range of d1-e3. xiao tone soft, deep bass, weak play the most characteristic, good at expressing the phrase long, delicate, elegant music. It is suitable for solo performance and recital, and is also used for instrumental ensemble of Jiangnan silk and bamboo, Guangdong music and accompaniment of Yueju opera. It is also used in instrumental ensembles such as Jiangnan silk and bamboo and Guangdong music, as well as in the accompaniment of Yueju opera.

The volume of the xiao is not large, and the amplitude of strength and weakness is not large. Its tone is mellow, soft, quiet and sweet. It is often combined with guqin, pipa, erhu and other instruments to play music with a more elegant and distant mood. In an orchestra, the xiao is often used as a solo instrument to play tranquil passages of music.

The xiao, also known as the cave xiao, is an ancient Chinese pneumatic instrument. The xiao was passed down in Chinese folklore thousands of years ago. The origin of the xiao begins with the reed pipe. When the reed pipe was first formed thousands of years ago, it was called the xiao. Later, people in the process of playing the row of pipes, found that in a tube open holes of varying distances, can also be blown out of the sound of different heights, so the xiao gradually from a multi-tube composition of the row of pipes, evolved into a single tube of several holes of the hole xiao.

Today's xiao existed in the Han Dynasty, but it was known as the "Qiang flute," which was originally a musical instrument of the Qiang people living in Sichuan and Gansu, and then spread to the Yellow River basin in the first century B.C. After development, it gradually evolved into a six-hole instrument, which is very similar to today's xiao.

The xiao is a relatively simple instrument, very similar in shape to the flute. It is usually made of purple bamboo, yellow bamboo or white bamboo, and the pipe is slightly longer than the flute, with a bamboo joint sealing the top, a blowhole on the edge of the seal, five tone holes on the front of the pipe, and one tone hole on the back of the upper part, and three to four holes on the back of the lower end of the pipe and the auxiliary holes, which are used for adjusting the pitch, embellishing the tone, and increasing the sound volume.

The sound of the xiao is soft and elegant, with a deep sound in the lower register, which is very distinctive when played weakly, and a rounded, beautiful sound in the middle register. The playing skill of the xiao is basically the same as that of the flute, but its flexibility is far less than that of the flute, and it is not suitable to express fast and fancy contents, only suitable for playing long and delicate, quiet and lyrical tunes, and it is mostly used to express the beauty of the nature and the inner feelings of the characters. The xiao is very expressive, it can be used for solo, repertoire and ensemble, but also used in folk instrumental music such as Jiangnan Silk and Bamboo, Fujian Nanyin, Guangdong music, etc., and it is also used for the accompaniment of some local operas.

There are many varieties of xiao, and the common ones are the purple bamboo cave xiao, the jade screen xiao, the nine-section xiao and many others.